Factibilidad técnica y económica para el escalado de la tecnología productiva de plántulas de cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) a nivel de Biofábrica.

Cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) is a cash crop in many developing countries and provides the main ingredients for chocolate production. As the demand for food increases, it is necessary to establish optimal crops and, in this sense, the production of plants on a scale is necessary to meet the growing dem...

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Autores:: Henao Ramirez, Ana Maria

Tipo de recurso:

Fecha de publicación:: 2022

Institución:: Universidad Nacional de Colombia

Repositorio:: Universidad Nacional de Colombia

Idioma:: eng

Description
Summary:	Cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) is a cash crop in many developing countries and provides the main ingredients for chocolate production. As the demand for food increases, it is necessary to establish optimal crops and, in this sense, the production of plants on a scale is necessary to meet the growing demand, making propagation systems a challenge for agro-industrial strengthening. To overcome this obstacle, somatic embryogenesis (SE) is proposed and the transition from a research scale to a commercial scale is proposed. The estimated time to produce is usually underestimated, which results in it being unfeasible to face the markets. The first chapter presents the production of the CCN51 genotype on a pilot scale in the laboratory with a view to reducing time in the process. It was possible to define the different stages of seedling production by SE: initiation, multiplication, maturation, germination, and acclimatization. The minimum time obtained to produce CCN51 was 30, 70, 50, 70 and 30 days, respectively. To continue technically enabling the propagation system via ES, it was necessary to evaluate the clonal fidelity of the regenerated seedlings as a first step to respond to quality. In chapter 2, the genetic stability of cocoa seedlings propagated by SE with respect to conventional grafting was studied for the CCN51 and TSH565 genotypes using 13 microsatellites (SSR). The 13 loci analyzed revealed 25 alleles in the CCN51 genotype and 24 alleles in the TSH565 genotype. According to the results, no differences were observed in the allelic composition, this indicates that the plants propagated by SE did not show perceptible detriment in their genome with the SSR used. Next, with a view to larger-scale production such as commercial laboratories or biofactories, it is necessary to interconnect propagation with effective and efficient management of the production process on an industrial scale. Chapter 3 presents a production planning and control system (PPC) for SE multiplication through a pilot production of 100,000 for CCN51. The main indicators of the process in materials, labour, quality, and performance are detailed. Finally, considering ES as a technology that is usually expensive compared to other propagation techniques, in chapter 4 the key factors in the financial viability of the production process were identified. The costs of the process were estimated, identifying the factors that influence the process with a Monte Carlo Simulation (MCS). The cost components identified were culture medium (CM), indirect manufacturing costs (IMC), labour (direct and indirect), and operating expenses (GO). Labour had the highest share of costs, with 53%, followed by GO, with 30%, CM, with 12% and IMC, with 5%. The MCS helped define that the variables with the greatest impact on the unit price were the response of the embryos in the germination stage and the proliferation coefficient. This projection gave a figure of US$0.73 per plantlet.

Factibilidad técnica y económica para el escalado de la tecnología productiva de plántulas de cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) a nivel de Biofábrica.

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