Pharmacogenetic impact of VKORC1 and CYP2C9 allelic variants on warfarin dose requirements in a hispanic population isolate
ABSTRACT: Warfarin is the most prescribed oral anticoagulant worldwide. Because of the complexity of warfarin therapy, we attempted to dissect genetic from bioenviron mental factors influencing warfarin dose responses in individuals of a genetic isolate of Hispanic ancestry. A total of 191 patients...
- Autores:
-
Palacio Muñoz, Lina Marcela
Falla Avila, Diana Yanina
Tobón, Ignacio
Mejía Restrepo, Fernando Antonio
Lewis, John E.
Martínez, Ariel F.
Arcos Burgos, Oscar Mauricio
Camargo Guerrero, Mauricio
- Tipo de recurso:
- Article of investigation
- Fecha de publicación:
- 2010
- Institución:
- Universidad de Antioquia
- Repositorio:
- Repositorio UdeA
- Idioma:
- eng
- OAI Identifier:
- oai:bibliotecadigital.udea.edu.co:10495/41789
- Acceso en línea:
- https://hdl.handle.net/10495/41789
- Palabra clave:
- Anticoagulantes - administración y dosificación
Anticoagulants - administration and dosage
Anticoagulantes - farmacocinética
Anticoagulants - pharmacokinetics
Hidrocarburo de Aril Hidroxilasas
Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases
Colombia - epidemiología
Colombia - epidemiology
Citocromo P-450 CYP2C9
Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C9
Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga
Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
Etnicidad - estadística y datos numéricos
Ethnicity - statistics and numerical data
Frecuencia de los Genes
Gene Frequency
Variación Genética
Genetic Variation
Genotipo
Genotype
Oxigenasas de Función Mixta
Mixed Function Oxygenases
Trombosis
Thrombosis
Vitamina K Epóxido Reductasas
Vitamin K Epoxide Reductases
Warfarina
Warfarin
https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D000925
https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D001189
https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D003105
https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D065729
https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D004305
https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D005006
https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D005787
https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D014644
https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D005838
https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D006899
https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D013927
https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D064417
https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D014859
- Rights
- openAccess
- License
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.5/co/
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| dc.title.spa.fl_str_mv |
Pharmacogenetic impact of VKORC1 and CYP2C9 allelic variants on warfarin dose requirements in a hispanic population isolate |
| title |
Pharmacogenetic impact of VKORC1 and CYP2C9 allelic variants on warfarin dose requirements in a hispanic population isolate |
| spellingShingle |
Pharmacogenetic impact of VKORC1 and CYP2C9 allelic variants on warfarin dose requirements in a hispanic population isolate Anticoagulantes - administración y dosificación Anticoagulants - administration and dosage Anticoagulantes - farmacocinética Anticoagulants - pharmacokinetics Hidrocarburo de Aril Hidroxilasas Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases Colombia - epidemiología Colombia - epidemiology Citocromo P-450 CYP2C9 Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C9 Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga Dose-Response Relationship, Drug Etnicidad - estadística y datos numéricos Ethnicity - statistics and numerical data Frecuencia de los Genes Gene Frequency Variación Genética Genetic Variation Genotipo Genotype Oxigenasas de Función Mixta Mixed Function Oxygenases Trombosis Thrombosis Vitamina K Epóxido Reductasas Vitamin K Epoxide Reductases Warfarina Warfarin https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D000925 https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D001189 https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D003105 https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D065729 https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D004305 https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D005006 https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D005787 https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D014644 https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D005838 https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D006899 https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D013927 https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D064417 https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D014859 |
| title_short |
Pharmacogenetic impact of VKORC1 and CYP2C9 allelic variants on warfarin dose requirements in a hispanic population isolate |
| title_full |
Pharmacogenetic impact of VKORC1 and CYP2C9 allelic variants on warfarin dose requirements in a hispanic population isolate |
| title_fullStr |
Pharmacogenetic impact of VKORC1 and CYP2C9 allelic variants on warfarin dose requirements in a hispanic population isolate |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Pharmacogenetic impact of VKORC1 and CYP2C9 allelic variants on warfarin dose requirements in a hispanic population isolate |
| title_sort |
Pharmacogenetic impact of VKORC1 and CYP2C9 allelic variants on warfarin dose requirements in a hispanic population isolate |
| dc.creator.fl_str_mv |
Palacio Muñoz, Lina Marcela Falla Avila, Diana Yanina Tobón, Ignacio Mejía Restrepo, Fernando Antonio Lewis, John E. Martínez, Ariel F. Arcos Burgos, Oscar Mauricio Camargo Guerrero, Mauricio |
| dc.contributor.author.none.fl_str_mv |
Palacio Muñoz, Lina Marcela Falla Avila, Diana Yanina Tobón, Ignacio Mejía Restrepo, Fernando Antonio Lewis, John E. Martínez, Ariel F. Arcos Burgos, Oscar Mauricio Camargo Guerrero, Mauricio |
| dc.contributor.researchgroup.spa.fl_str_mv |
Genética, Regeneración y Cáncer |
| dc.subject.decs.none.fl_str_mv |
Anticoagulantes - administración y dosificación Anticoagulants - administration and dosage Anticoagulantes - farmacocinética Anticoagulants - pharmacokinetics Hidrocarburo de Aril Hidroxilasas Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases Colombia - epidemiología Colombia - epidemiology Citocromo P-450 CYP2C9 Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C9 Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga Dose-Response Relationship, Drug Etnicidad - estadística y datos numéricos Ethnicity - statistics and numerical data Frecuencia de los Genes Gene Frequency Variación Genética Genetic Variation Genotipo Genotype Oxigenasas de Función Mixta Mixed Function Oxygenases Trombosis Thrombosis Vitamina K Epóxido Reductasas Vitamin K Epoxide Reductases Warfarina Warfarin |
| topic |
Anticoagulantes - administración y dosificación Anticoagulants - administration and dosage Anticoagulantes - farmacocinética Anticoagulants - pharmacokinetics Hidrocarburo de Aril Hidroxilasas Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases Colombia - epidemiología Colombia - epidemiology Citocromo P-450 CYP2C9 Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C9 Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga Dose-Response Relationship, Drug Etnicidad - estadística y datos numéricos Ethnicity - statistics and numerical data Frecuencia de los Genes Gene Frequency Variación Genética Genetic Variation Genotipo Genotype Oxigenasas de Función Mixta Mixed Function Oxygenases Trombosis Thrombosis Vitamina K Epóxido Reductasas Vitamin K Epoxide Reductases Warfarina Warfarin https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D000925 https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D001189 https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D003105 https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D065729 https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D004305 https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D005006 https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D005787 https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D014644 https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D005838 https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D006899 https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D013927 https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D064417 https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D014859 |
| dc.subject.meshuri.none.fl_str_mv |
https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D000925 https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D001189 https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D003105 https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D065729 https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D004305 https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D005006 https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D005787 https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D014644 https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D005838 https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D006899 https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D013927 https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D064417 https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D014859 |
| description |
ABSTRACT: Warfarin is the most prescribed oral anticoagulant worldwide. Because of the complexity of warfarin therapy, we attempted to dissect genetic from bioenviron mental factors influencing warfarin dose responses in individuals of a genetic isolate of Hispanic ancestry. A total of 191 patients with standard values of international normalized ratio were recruited. Three groups with a significantly different warfarin dose response were identified, that is, sensitive (2.28 + 0.50 mg/d), intermediate (4.2 + 0.76 mg/d), and resistant (7.40 + 1.54 mg/d; Tukey test, P < .001). Age had a significant inverse correlation with warfarin dose (P < .001; effective dose diminished 0.56 mg/d/decade). Required doses were higher for individuals with CYP2C9 variants containing the allele *1 compared to those individuals with variants composed of other alleles (P 1⁄4 .006). Similarly, individuals with VKORC1-1639GG and VKORC1-1639GA genotypes also required higher doses compared to the AA genotype (P < .001). Evaluation of potential gene-gene interactions between CYP2C9 and VKORC1 polymorphisms showed significant differences in dosing for CYP2C9 genotypes within the VKORC1-1639G/A subgroup (P 1⁄4 .013). A stepwise multivariate linear regression analysis showed that 38.2% of the warfarin dose response variance was accounted for by a model involving age (20.9%), VKORC1-1639G/A (11.3%), and CYP2C9*1, *2, and *3 variants (7.1%). These results corroborate previous findings on warfarin pharmacogenetics and define a contrastable gene-bioenvironment interaction model suited to be used in Hispanic populations. |
| publishDate |
2010 |
| dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv |
2010 |
| dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv |
2024-09-05T00:36:58Z |
| dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv |
2024-09-05T00:36:58Z |
| dc.type.spa.fl_str_mv |
Artículo de investigación |
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Palacio L, Falla D, Tobon I, Mejia F, Lewis JE, Martinez AF, Arcos-Burgos M, Camargo M. Pharmacogenetic impact of VKORC1 and CYP2C9 allelic variants on warfarin dose requirements in a hispanic population isolate. Clin Appl Thromb Hemost. 2010 Feb;16(1):83-90. doi: 10.1177/1076029608330472. |
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1076-0296 |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10495/41789 |
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10.1177/1076029608330472 |
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1938-2723 |
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Palacio L, Falla D, Tobon I, Mejia F, Lewis JE, Martinez AF, Arcos-Burgos M, Camargo M. Pharmacogenetic impact of VKORC1 and CYP2C9 allelic variants on warfarin dose requirements in a hispanic population isolate. Clin Appl Thromb Hemost. 2010 Feb;16(1):83-90. doi: 10.1177/1076029608330472. 1076-0296 10.1177/1076029608330472 1938-2723 |
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eng |
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eng |
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Clin. Appl. Thromb. Hemost. |
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90 |
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1 |
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83 |
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16 |
| dc.relation.ispartofjournal.spa.fl_str_mv |
Clinical and Applied Thrombosis/Hemostasis |
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Palacio Muñoz, Lina MarcelaFalla Avila, Diana YaninaTobón, IgnacioMejía Restrepo, Fernando AntonioLewis, John E.Martínez, Ariel F.Arcos Burgos, Oscar MauricioCamargo Guerrero, MauricioGenética, Regeneración y Cáncer2024-09-05T00:36:58Z2024-09-05T00:36:58Z2010Palacio L, Falla D, Tobon I, Mejia F, Lewis JE, Martinez AF, Arcos-Burgos M, Camargo M. Pharmacogenetic impact of VKORC1 and CYP2C9 allelic variants on warfarin dose requirements in a hispanic population isolate. Clin Appl Thromb Hemost. 2010 Feb;16(1):83-90. doi: 10.1177/1076029608330472.1076-0296https://hdl.handle.net/10495/4178910.1177/10760296083304721938-2723ABSTRACT: Warfarin is the most prescribed oral anticoagulant worldwide. Because of the complexity of warfarin therapy, we attempted to dissect genetic from bioenviron mental factors influencing warfarin dose responses in individuals of a genetic isolate of Hispanic ancestry. A total of 191 patients with standard values of international normalized ratio were recruited. Three groups with a significantly different warfarin dose response were identified, that is, sensitive (2.28 + 0.50 mg/d), intermediate (4.2 + 0.76 mg/d), and resistant (7.40 + 1.54 mg/d; Tukey test, P < .001). Age had a significant inverse correlation with warfarin dose (P < .001; effective dose diminished 0.56 mg/d/decade). Required doses were higher for individuals with CYP2C9 variants containing the allele *1 compared to those individuals with variants composed of other alleles (P 1⁄4 .006). Similarly, individuals with VKORC1-1639GG and VKORC1-1639GA genotypes also required higher doses compared to the AA genotype (P < .001). Evaluation of potential gene-gene interactions between CYP2C9 and VKORC1 polymorphisms showed significant differences in dosing for CYP2C9 genotypes within the VKORC1-1639G/A subgroup (P 1⁄4 .013). A stepwise multivariate linear regression analysis showed that 38.2% of the warfarin dose response variance was accounted for by a model involving age (20.9%), VKORC1-1639G/A (11.3%), and CYP2C9*1, *2, and *3 variants (7.1%). These results corroborate previous findings on warfarin pharmacogenetics and define a contrastable gene-bioenvironment interaction model suited to be used in Hispanic populations.Universidad de Antioquia. Vicerrectoría de investigación. Comité para el Desarrollo de la Investigación - CODIBanco de la República ColombiaCOL00067698 páginasapplication/pdfengSage PublicationsThousand Oaks, Estados Unidoshttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.5/co/https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2Pharmacogenetic impact of VKORC1 and CYP2C9 allelic variants on warfarin dose requirements in a hispanic population isolateArtículo de investigaciónhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1https://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/ARThttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85info:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionAnticoagulantes - administración y dosificaciónAnticoagulants - administration and dosageAnticoagulantes - farmacocinéticaAnticoagulants - pharmacokineticsHidrocarburo de Aril HidroxilasasAryl Hydrocarbon HydroxylasesColombia - epidemiologíaColombia - epidemiologyCitocromo P-450 CYP2C9Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C9Relación Dosis-Respuesta a DrogaDose-Response Relationship, DrugEtnicidad - estadística y datos numéricosEthnicity - statistics and numerical dataFrecuencia de los GenesGene FrequencyVariación GenéticaGenetic VariationGenotipoGenotypeOxigenasas de Función MixtaMixed Function OxygenasesTrombosisThrombosisVitamina K Epóxido ReductasasVitamin K Epoxide ReductasesWarfarinaWarfarinhttps://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D000925https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D001189https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D003105https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D065729https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D004305https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D005006https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D005787https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D014644https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D005838https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D006899https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D013927https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D064417https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D014859Clin. Appl. Thromb. Hemost.9018316Clinical and Applied Thrombosis/Hemostasis2282RoR:03bp5hc83RoR:01shra089PublicationORIGINALPalacioLina_2010_PharmacogeneticImpactVKORC1.pdfPalacioLina_2010_PharmacogeneticImpactVKORC1.pdfArtículo de investigaciónapplication/pdf248307https://bibliotecadigital.udea.edu.co/bitstreams/fada8809-8a6e-4e93-b2d7-08bdd4108abb/downloaddaa407211f28aee0c324653370c30670MD51trueAnonymousREADLICENSElicense.txtlicense.txttext/plain; charset=utf-81748https://bibliotecadigital.udea.edu.co/bitstreams/fc1047b1-f730-4869-aee2-8aa8c088b452/download8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33MD53falseAnonymousREADCC-LICENSElicense_rdflicense_rdfapplication/rdf+xml; charset=utf-8933https://bibliotecadigital.udea.edu.co/bitstreams/18fef22e-8de2-4393-9eef-52d610e2071f/downloadc0c92b0ffc8b7d22d9cf56754a416a76MD52falseAnonymousREADTEXTPalacioLina_2010_PharmacogeneticImpactVKORC1.pdf.txtPalacioLina_2010_PharmacogeneticImpactVKORC1.pdf.txtExtracted texttext/plain40735https://bibliotecadigital.udea.edu.co/bitstreams/bc124d36-46dc-40ba-9a7e-dc2c2ebf0f8b/download3447dc92aff6e150084a3ccc9559c68dMD54falseAnonymousREADTHUMBNAILPalacioLina_2010_PharmacogeneticImpactVKORC1.pdf.jpgPalacioLina_2010_PharmacogeneticImpactVKORC1.pdf.jpgGenerated Thumbnailimage/jpeg16514https://bibliotecadigital.udea.edu.co/bitstreams/f92500c5-bea1-4c8c-a19c-a1c886c9f882/download3bfa32a5f6be2277a990f22cfcc17d99MD55falseAnonymousREAD10495/41789oai:bibliotecadigital.udea.edu.co:10495/417892025-03-26 23:55:30.298http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.5/co/open.accesshttps://bibliotecadigital.udea.edu.coRepositorio Institucional de la Universidad de Antioquiaaplicacionbibliotecadigitalbiblioteca@udea.edu.coTk9URTogUExBQ0UgWU9VUiBPV04gTElDRU5TRSBIRVJFClRoaXMgc2FtcGxlIGxpY2Vuc2UgaXMgcHJvdmlkZWQgZm9yIGluZm9ybWF0aW9uYWwgcHVycG9zZXMgb25seS4KCk5PTi1FWENMVVNJVkUgRElTVFJJQlVUSU9OIExJQ0VOU0UKCkJ5IHNpZ25pbmcgYW5kIHN1Ym1pdHRpbmcgdGhpcyBsaWNlbnNlLCB5b3UgKHRoZSBhdXRob3Iocykgb3IgY29weXJpZ2h0Cm93bmVyKSBncmFudHMgdG8gRFNwYWNlIFVuaXZlcnNpdHkgKERTVSkgdGhlIG5vbi1leGNsdXNpdmUgcmlnaHQgdG8gcmVwcm9kdWNlLAp0cmFuc2xhdGUgKGFzIGRlZmluZWQgYmVsb3cpLCBhbmQvb3IgZGlzdHJpYnV0ZSB5b3VyIHN1Ym1pc3Npb24gKGluY2x1ZGluZwp0aGUgYWJzdHJhY3QpIHdvcmxkd2lkZSBpbiBwcmludCBhbmQgZWxlY3Ryb25pYyBmb3JtYXQgYW5kIGluIGFueSBtZWRpdW0sCmluY2x1ZGluZyBidXQgbm90IGxpbWl0ZWQgdG8gYXVkaW8gb3IgdmlkZW8uCgpZb3UgYWdyZWUgdGhhdCBEU1UgbWF5LCB3aXRob3V0IGNoYW5naW5nIHRoZSBjb250ZW50LCB0cmFuc2xhdGUgdGhlCnN1Ym1pc3Npb24gdG8gYW55IG1lZGl1bSBvciBmb3JtYXQgZm9yIHRoZSBwdXJwb3NlIG9mIHByZXNlcnZhdGlvbi4KCllvdSBhbHNvIGFncmVlIHRoYXQgRFNVIG1heSBrZWVwIG1vcmUgdGhhbiBvbmUgY29weSBvZiB0aGlzIHN1Ym1pc3Npb24gZm9yCnB1cnBvc2VzIG9mIHNlY3VyaXR5LCBiYWNrLXVwIGFuZCBwcmVzZXJ2YXRpb24uCgpZb3UgcmVwcmVzZW50IHRoYXQgdGhlIHN1Ym1pc3Npb24gaXMgeW91ciBvcmlnaW5hbCB3b3JrLCBhbmQgdGhhdCB5b3UgaGF2ZQp0aGUgcmlnaHQgdG8gZ3JhbnQgdGhlIHJpZ2h0cyBjb250YWluZWQgaW4gdGhpcyBsaWNlbnNlLiBZb3UgYWxzbyByZXByZXNlbnQKdGhhdCB5b3VyIHN1Ym1pc3Npb24gZG9lcyBub3QsIHRvIHRoZSBiZXN0IG9mIHlvdXIga25vd2xlZGdlLCBpbmZyaW5nZSB1cG9uCmFueW9uZSdzIGNvcHlyaWdodC4KCklmIHRoZSBzdWJtaXNzaW9uIGNvbnRhaW5zIG1hdGVyaWFsIGZvciB3aGljaCB5b3UgZG8gbm90IGhvbGQgY29weXJpZ2h0LAp5b3UgcmVwcmVzZW50IHRoYXQgeW91IGhhdmUgb2J0YWluZWQgdGhlIHVucmVzdHJpY3RlZCBwZXJtaXNzaW9uIG9mIHRoZQpjb3B5cmlnaHQgb3duZXIgdG8gZ3JhbnQgRFNVIHRoZSByaWdodHMgcmVxdWlyZWQgYnkgdGhpcyBsaWNlbnNlLCBhbmQgdGhhdApzdWNoIHRoaXJkLXBhcnR5IG93bmVkIG1hdGVyaWFsIGlzIGNsZWFybHkgaWRlbnRpZmllZCBhbmQgYWNrbm93bGVkZ2VkCndpdGhpbiB0aGUgdGV4dCBvciBjb250ZW50IG9mIHRoZSBzdWJtaXNzaW9uLgoKSUYgVEhFIFNVQk1JU1NJT04gSVMgQkFTRUQgVVBPTiBXT1JLIFRIQVQgSEFTIEJFRU4gU1BPTlNPUkVEIE9SIFNVUFBPUlRFRApCWSBBTiBBR0VOQ1kgT1IgT1JHQU5JWkFUSU9OIE9USEVSIFRIQU4gRFNVLCBZT1UgUkVQUkVTRU5UIFRIQVQgWU9VIEhBVkUKRlVMRklMTEVEIEFOWSBSSUdIVCBPRiBSRVZJRVcgT1IgT1RIRVIgT0JMSUdBVElPTlMgUkVRVUlSRUQgQlkgU1VDSApDT05UUkFDVCBPUiBBR1JFRU1FTlQuCgpEU1Ugd2lsbCBjbGVhcmx5IGlkZW50aWZ5IHlvdXIgbmFtZShzKSBhcyB0aGUgYXV0aG9yKHMpIG9yIG93bmVyKHMpIG9mIHRoZQpzdWJtaXNzaW9uLCBhbmQgd2lsbCBub3QgbWFrZSBhbnkgYWx0ZXJhdGlvbiwgb3RoZXIgdGhhbiBhcyBhbGxvd2VkIGJ5IHRoaXMKbGljZW5zZSwgdG8geW91ciBzdWJtaXNzaW9uLgo= |
