¿Castigando a Los Últimos Ciudadanos? El Estado de Necesidad Climático

Ante la manifiesta incapacidad de las democracias liberales para enfrentar adecuadamente el cambio climático, son cada vez más los activistas climáticos que recurren a formas de protesta prima facie delictivas. Con ello se pretende poner en cuestión las actuales políticas climáticas. Algunos de esto...

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Autores:
Coca Vila, Ivó
Tipo de recurso:
Article of journal
Fecha de publicación:
2025
Institución:
Universidad Externado de Colombia
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Biblioteca Digital Universidad Externado de Colombia
Idioma:
spa
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oai:bdigital.uexternado.edu.co:001/25279
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https://bdigital.uexternado.edu.co/handle/001/25279
https://doi.org/10.18601/01210483.v46n121.03
Palabra clave:
climate activism,
civil disobedience,
necessity defense,
rule of law,
punishment
activismo climático,
desobediencia civil,
estado de necesidad,
Estado de derecho,
pena
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openAccess
License
Ivó Coca Vila - 2025
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network_name_str Biblioteca Digital Universidad Externado de Colombia
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dc.title.spa.fl_str_mv ¿Castigando a Los Últimos Ciudadanos? El Estado de Necesidad Climático
dc.title.translated.eng.fl_str_mv Punishing The Last Citizens? On The Climate Necessity Defence
title ¿Castigando a Los Últimos Ciudadanos? El Estado de Necesidad Climático
spellingShingle ¿Castigando a Los Últimos Ciudadanos? El Estado de Necesidad Climático
climate activism,
civil disobedience,
necessity defense,
rule of law,
punishment
activismo climático,
desobediencia civil,
estado de necesidad,
Estado de derecho,
pena
title_short ¿Castigando a Los Últimos Ciudadanos? El Estado de Necesidad Climático
title_full ¿Castigando a Los Últimos Ciudadanos? El Estado de Necesidad Climático
title_fullStr ¿Castigando a Los Últimos Ciudadanos? El Estado de Necesidad Climático
title_full_unstemmed ¿Castigando a Los Últimos Ciudadanos? El Estado de Necesidad Climático
title_sort ¿Castigando a Los Últimos Ciudadanos? El Estado de Necesidad Climático
dc.creator.fl_str_mv Coca Vila, Ivó
dc.contributor.author.spa.fl_str_mv Coca Vila, Ivó
dc.subject.eng.fl_str_mv climate activism,
civil disobedience,
necessity defense,
rule of law,
punishment
topic climate activism,
civil disobedience,
necessity defense,
rule of law,
punishment
activismo climático,
desobediencia civil,
estado de necesidad,
Estado de derecho,
pena
dc.subject.spa.fl_str_mv activismo climático,
desobediencia civil,
estado de necesidad,
Estado de derecho,
pena
description Ante la manifiesta incapacidad de las democracias liberales para enfrentar adecuadamente el cambio climático, son cada vez más los activistas climáticos que recurren a formas de protesta prima facie delictivas. Con ello se pretende poner en cuestión las actuales políticas climáticas. Algunos de estos activistas, en vez de aceptar pasivamente el castigo, invocan el estado de nece­sidad como causa de justificación. Son varias ya las absoluciones de activistas climáticos con base en el estado de necesidad. El objetivo de este trabajo es mostrar por qué en el marco de un Estado de derecho democrático-representativo no hay margen para tal estado de necesidad climático. Las formas de desobe­diencia civil practicada no cumplen con el requisito legal de la subsidiariedad. Esto, sino embargo, no significa que los activistas deban ser castigados como delincuentes ordinarios. Su aceptación de la responsabilidad y su motivación política ha de ser tomada en consideración como un factor atenuante del castigo.
publishDate 2025
dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv 2025-02-14T09:47:48Z
2025-04-09T17:09:16Z
dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv 2025-02-14T09:47:48Z
2025-04-09T17:09:16Z
dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv 2025-02-14
dc.type.spa.fl_str_mv Artículo de revista
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dc.relation.citationendpage.none.fl_str_mv 57
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dc.relation.references.spa.fl_str_mv Akbarian, Samira. Ziviler Ungehorsam als Verfassungsinterpretation. Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 2023.
Arendt, Hannah. Crises of the Republic. Lying in Politics. Civil Disobedience. On Violence. Thoughts on Politics and Revolution. San Diego, CA: Harcourt Brace, 1927.
Bennett, Christopher y Kimberley Brownlee. “Punishment and civil disobedience”, en The Cambridge Companion to Civil Disobedience, ed. William E. Scheuerman, 280-310. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2021.
Bönte, Mathis. “Ziviler Ungehorsam im Klimanotstand”. Onlinezeitschrift für höchst-richterlich Rechtsprechung zum Strafrecht 22 (4): 164-177, 2021.
Brogan, Michael. “The necessity defence and anthropogenic global warming protests: The times they are a-changin’”. Alternative Law Journal 46 (4), 2021: 268-274.
Brownlee, Kimberley. Conscience and Conviction: The Case for Civil Disobedience. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2012.
Celikates, Robin. “Democratizing civil disobedience”. Philosophy & Social Criticism 42 (10), 2016: 982-994.
Cervera-Marzal, Manuel. “Can we disobey in democracy? Three points of view”. Chinese Political Science Review, 2021.
Chenoweth, Erica y Maria J. Stephan. 2013. Why Civil Resistance Works: The Stra¬tegic Logic of Nonviolent Conflict. New York: Columbia University Press.
Coca-Vila, Ivó. “On the necessity defense in a democratic welfare state: Leaving Pandora’s box ajar”. Criminal Law and Philosophy, 2023.
Cohan, John. “Civil disobedience and the necessity defense”. The University of New Hampshire Law Review 6 (1), 2007: 111-175.
Cohen, Carl. Civil Disobedience: Conscience, Tactics, and the Law. New York and London: Columbia University Press, 1971.
Cuerda Arnau, María. “La doctrina del efecto de desaliento en la jurisprudencia del Tribunal Constitucional español Origen, desarrollo y decadencia”. InDret, 2, 2022: 88-131.
Delmas, Candice. A Duty to Resist: When Disobedience Should Be Uncivil. New York: Oxford University Press, 2018.
Delmas, Candice. “Civil disobedience, punishment, and injustice”, en The Palgrave Handbook of Applied Ethics and the Criminal Law, ed. Larry Alexander and Kim¬berley Kessler Ferzan, 167-188. Cham: Palgrave Macmillan, 2019.
Delmas, Candice. “Uncivil disobedience”, en Protest And Dissent. Nomos lxii, ed. Melissa Schwartzberg, 9-44. New York: New York University Press, 2020.
Delmas, Candice and Kimberley Brownlee. “Civil disobedience”, en The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Fall 2023), eds. Edward N. Zalta and Uri Nodelman, 2023.
Dreier, Ralf. “Widerstandsrecht und ziviler Ungehorsam im Rechtsstaat”, en Zivi¬ler Ungehorsam im Rechtsstaat, ed. Peter Glotz, 3.ª ed., 54-75. Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp, 2015.
Duff, R. A. The Realm of Criminal Law. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2018.
Dworkin, Ronald. Taking Rights Seriously. London: Bloomsbury Revelations, 2013.
Edmundson, William A. Three anarchical fallacies: An essay on political authority. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998.
Engländer, Armin. “Der entgrenzte Notstand-zur Anwendbarkeit des § 34 StGB bei sogenannten Klimaprotesten”. Juristenzeitung 78 (6), 2023: 255-260.
Fernández Perales, Francisco. “La colisión de derechos en la dogmática jurídico-penal”. Anuario de Derecho Penal y Ciencias Penales, LXXV, 2022: 753-802.
Fyfe, Shannon y Alexander Heinze. “Prosecutorial discretion”, en Core Concepts in Criminal Law and Criminal Justice, eds. Kai Ambos, Antony Duff, Alexander Heinze, Julian Roberts, and Thomas Weigend, 2.ª ed., 169-218. Cambridge: Cam-bridge University Press, 2022.
Garcia-Gibson, Francisco. “Undemocratic climate protests”. Journal of Applied Philosophy 39 (1), 2022: 162-179.
Gärditz, Klaus Ferdinand. “Organisierte ‘Klimakleber’ als kriminelle Vereinigung?: Anmerkungen aus verfassungsrechtlicher Perspektive”, VerfBlog, 2023/5/25.
Gargarella, Roberto. El derecho a la protesta. El primer derecho. Buenos Aires: Ad-Hoc, 2005.
Gargarella, Roberto. “Law and social protests”. Criminal Law and Philosophy 6 (2), 2012: 131-148.
Giugni, Marco. “Useless protest? A time-series analysis of the policy outcomes of ecology, antinuclear, and peace movements in the United States, 1977-1995”, en Mobilization 12 (1), 2007: 53-77.
Greenawalt, Kent. Conflicts of Law and Morality. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1987.
Habermas, Jürgen. “Ziviler Ungehorsam-Testfall für den demokratischen Rechtsstaat. Wider den autoritären Legalismus in der Bundesrepublik”, en Ziviler Ungehorsam im Rechtsstaat, ed. Peter Glotz, 3.ª ed., 29-53. Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp, 2015.
Hassemer, Winfried. “Ziviler Ungehorsam-ein rechtfertigungsgrund?”, Festschrift für Rudolf Wassermann, eds. Christian Broda, Erwin Deutsch, and Hans-Jochen. Vogel, 325-349. Neuwied und Darmstadt: Luchterhand, 1985.
Horder, Jeremy. Excusing Crime. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2004.
Hörnle, Tatjana. “Comparative assessment of sentencing laws, practices, trends”, en The Oxford Handbook of Criminal Process, eds. Darryl K. Brown, Jenia Iontcheva Turner, and Bettina Weisser. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2019, 887-910.
Horter, Tillmann y Till Zimmermann. “Die Rechtfertigung der Verwirklichung von Straftatbeständen zum Schutz des Klimas durch die allgemeinen Notrechte (teil 2)”. Goltdammer´s Archiv für Strafrecht 9, 2023: 481-496.
Kadish, M. R. y S. H. Kadish. Discretion to Disobey: A Study of Lawful Departures From Legal Rules. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1973.
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Lefkowitz, David. “On a moral right to civil disobedience”. Ethics, 117 (2), 2007.
Lefkowitz, David. “Defense of penalizing (but not punishing) civil disobedience”. Res Publica, 24, 2017: 273-289.
Lovell, Jarret S. Crimes of Dissent: Civil Disobedience, Criminal Justice, and the Politics of Conscience. New York: New York University Press, 2009.
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Markovits, Daniel. “Democratic disobedience”. The Yale Law Journal 114 (8), 2005: 1897-1952.
Martí, José Luis. “The right to protest and contestation in a deliberative democracy”, en Peace, Discontent and Constitutional Law, ed. Martin Belov. Oxford and New York: Routledge, 2021, 30-49.
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Milligan, Tony. Civil Disobedience: Protest, Justification and the Law. London: Bloomsbury, 2013.
Moraro, Piero. “Respecting autonomy through the use of force: The case of civil disobedience”. Journal of Applied Philosophy 31 (1), 2014: 63-76.
Moraro, Piero. “On (not) accepting the punishment for civil disobedience”, en The Philosophical Quarterly 68 (272), 2018: 503-520.
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Turenne, Sophie. “Judicial responses to civil disobedience: A comparative approach”. Res Publica 10, 2004: 379-399.
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Zieschang, Frank. “Klimaschutz als rechtfertigender Notstand bei Hausfriedens-bruch?”, Juristische Rundschau 3, 2023: 136-147.
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spelling Coca Vila, Ivó2025-02-14T09:47:48Z2025-04-09T17:09:16Z2025-02-14T09:47:48Z2025-04-09T17:09:16Z2025-02-14Ante la manifiesta incapacidad de las democracias liberales para enfrentar adecuadamente el cambio climático, son cada vez más los activistas climáticos que recurren a formas de protesta prima facie delictivas. Con ello se pretende poner en cuestión las actuales políticas climáticas. Algunos de estos activistas, en vez de aceptar pasivamente el castigo, invocan el estado de nece­sidad como causa de justificación. Son varias ya las absoluciones de activistas climáticos con base en el estado de necesidad. El objetivo de este trabajo es mostrar por qué en el marco de un Estado de derecho democrático-representativo no hay margen para tal estado de necesidad climático. Las formas de desobe­diencia civil practicada no cumplen con el requisito legal de la subsidiariedad. Esto, sino embargo, no significa que los activistas deban ser castigados como delincuentes ordinarios. Su aceptación de la responsabilidad y su motivación política ha de ser tomada en consideración como un factor atenuante del castigo.Faced with the inaction of liberal democracies to effectively tackle global warming, many climate activists engage in forms of protests that involve committing minor criminal offences. They seek to shape official decisions on climate policies by resorting to civil disobedience. Some of these activists, rather than accepting punishment, have successfully claimed to be acting in a justified manner by invoking the necessity defence. The aim of this article is to show that, within the framework of representative democracies guided by the rule of law, the climate necessity defence must be rejected, since such protests do not meet the ‘non-legal alternatives’ requirement. This does not mean, however, that protesters should be punished as common offenders. Their acceptance of responsibility and political motivation should be taken into account as a mitigating factor at sentencing.application/pdf10.18601/01210483.v46n121.032346-21080121-0483https://bdigital.uexternado.edu.co/handle/001/25279https://doi.org/10.18601/01210483.v46n121.03spaInstituto de Ciencias Penales y Criminológicashttps://revistas.uexternado.edu.co/index.php/derpen/article/download/10243/17517Núm. 121 , Año 2025 : Julio-Diciembre571213346Derecho Penal y CriminologíaAkbarian, Samira. Ziviler Ungehorsam als Verfassungsinterpretation. Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 2023.Arendt, Hannah. Crises of the Republic. Lying in Politics. Civil Disobedience. On Violence. Thoughts on Politics and Revolution. San Diego, CA: Harcourt Brace, 1927.Bennett, Christopher y Kimberley Brownlee. “Punishment and civil disobedience”, en The Cambridge Companion to Civil Disobedience, ed. William E. Scheuerman, 280-310. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2021.Bönte, Mathis. “Ziviler Ungehorsam im Klimanotstand”. Onlinezeitschrift für höchst-richterlich Rechtsprechung zum Strafrecht 22 (4): 164-177, 2021.Brogan, Michael. “The necessity defence and anthropogenic global warming protests: The times they are a-changin’”. Alternative Law Journal 46 (4), 2021: 268-274.Brownlee, Kimberley. Conscience and Conviction: The Case for Civil Disobedience. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2012.Celikates, Robin. “Democratizing civil disobedience”. Philosophy & Social Criticism 42 (10), 2016: 982-994.Cervera-Marzal, Manuel. “Can we disobey in democracy? Three points of view”. Chinese Political Science Review, 2021.Chenoweth, Erica y Maria J. Stephan. 2013. Why Civil Resistance Works: The Stra¬tegic Logic of Nonviolent Conflict. New York: Columbia University Press.Coca-Vila, Ivó. “On the necessity defense in a democratic welfare state: Leaving Pandora’s box ajar”. Criminal Law and Philosophy, 2023.Cohan, John. “Civil disobedience and the necessity defense”. The University of New Hampshire Law Review 6 (1), 2007: 111-175.Cohen, Carl. Civil Disobedience: Conscience, Tactics, and the Law. New York and London: Columbia University Press, 1971.Cuerda Arnau, María. “La doctrina del efecto de desaliento en la jurisprudencia del Tribunal Constitucional español Origen, desarrollo y decadencia”. InDret, 2, 2022: 88-131.Delmas, Candice. A Duty to Resist: When Disobedience Should Be Uncivil. New York: Oxford University Press, 2018.Delmas, Candice. “Civil disobedience, punishment, and injustice”, en The Palgrave Handbook of Applied Ethics and the Criminal Law, ed. Larry Alexander and Kim¬berley Kessler Ferzan, 167-188. Cham: Palgrave Macmillan, 2019.Delmas, Candice. “Uncivil disobedience”, en Protest And Dissent. Nomos lxii, ed. Melissa Schwartzberg, 9-44. New York: New York University Press, 2020.Delmas, Candice and Kimberley Brownlee. “Civil disobedience”, en The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Fall 2023), eds. Edward N. Zalta and Uri Nodelman, 2023.Dreier, Ralf. “Widerstandsrecht und ziviler Ungehorsam im Rechtsstaat”, en Zivi¬ler Ungehorsam im Rechtsstaat, ed. Peter Glotz, 3.ª ed., 54-75. Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp, 2015.Duff, R. A. The Realm of Criminal Law. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2018.Dworkin, Ronald. Taking Rights Seriously. London: Bloomsbury Revelations, 2013.Edmundson, William A. Three anarchical fallacies: An essay on political authority. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998.Engländer, Armin. “Der entgrenzte Notstand-zur Anwendbarkeit des § 34 StGB bei sogenannten Klimaprotesten”. Juristenzeitung 78 (6), 2023: 255-260.Fernández Perales, Francisco. “La colisión de derechos en la dogmática jurídico-penal”. Anuario de Derecho Penal y Ciencias Penales, LXXV, 2022: 753-802.Fyfe, Shannon y Alexander Heinze. “Prosecutorial discretion”, en Core Concepts in Criminal Law and Criminal Justice, eds. Kai Ambos, Antony Duff, Alexander Heinze, Julian Roberts, and Thomas Weigend, 2.ª ed., 169-218. Cambridge: Cam-bridge University Press, 2022.Garcia-Gibson, Francisco. “Undemocratic climate protests”. Journal of Applied Philosophy 39 (1), 2022: 162-179.Gärditz, Klaus Ferdinand. “Organisierte ‘Klimakleber’ als kriminelle Vereinigung?: Anmerkungen aus verfassungsrechtlicher Perspektive”, VerfBlog, 2023/5/25.Gargarella, Roberto. El derecho a la protesta. El primer derecho. Buenos Aires: Ad-Hoc, 2005.Gargarella, Roberto. “Law and social protests”. Criminal Law and Philosophy 6 (2), 2012: 131-148.Giugni, Marco. “Useless protest? A time-series analysis of the policy outcomes of ecology, antinuclear, and peace movements in the United States, 1977-1995”, en Mobilization 12 (1), 2007: 53-77.Greenawalt, Kent. Conflicts of Law and Morality. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1987.Habermas, Jürgen. “Ziviler Ungehorsam-Testfall für den demokratischen Rechtsstaat. Wider den autoritären Legalismus in der Bundesrepublik”, en Ziviler Ungehorsam im Rechtsstaat, ed. Peter Glotz, 3.ª ed., 29-53. Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp, 2015.Hassemer, Winfried. “Ziviler Ungehorsam-ein rechtfertigungsgrund?”, Festschrift für Rudolf Wassermann, eds. Christian Broda, Erwin Deutsch, and Hans-Jochen. Vogel, 325-349. Neuwied und Darmstadt: Luchterhand, 1985.Horder, Jeremy. Excusing Crime. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2004.Hörnle, Tatjana. “Comparative assessment of sentencing laws, practices, trends”, en The Oxford Handbook of Criminal Process, eds. Darryl K. Brown, Jenia Iontcheva Turner, and Bettina Weisser. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2019, 887-910.Horter, Tillmann y Till Zimmermann. “Die Rechtfertigung der Verwirklichung von Straftatbeständen zum Schutz des Klimas durch die allgemeinen Notrechte (teil 2)”. 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Criminal Law and Philosophy 10 (4), 2016: 707-720.Zieschang, Frank. “Klimaschutz als rechtfertigender Notstand bei Hausfriedens-bruch?”, Juristische Rundschau 3, 2023: 136-147.Ivó Coca Vila - 2025info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0.http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0https://revistas.uexternado.edu.co/index.php/derpen/article/view/10243climate activism,civil disobedience,necessity defense,rule of law,punishmentactivismo climático,desobediencia civil,estado de necesidad,Estado de derecho,pena¿Castigando a Los Últimos Ciudadanos? El Estado de Necesidad ClimáticoPunishing The Last Citizens? 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