Fatiga por ludimiento : Avances y modelamiento computacional del comportamiento friccional

: figuras, tablas

Autores:: Vanegas-Useche, Libardo Vicente
Mesa-Montoya, Carlos Andres
Díez Molina, Nicolás
Abdel Wahab, Magd

Tipo de recurso:: Book

Fecha de publicación:: 2025

Institución:: Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira

Repositorio:: Repositorio Institucional UTP

Idioma:: spa

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dc.title.spa.fl_str_mv	Fatiga por ludimiento : Avances y modelamiento computacional del comportamiento friccional
title	Fatiga por ludimiento : Avances y modelamiento computacional del comportamiento friccional
spellingShingle	Fatiga por ludimiento : Avances y modelamiento computacional del comportamiento friccional 530 - Física Física Fatiga de materiales Aprendizaje automático (Inteligencia artificial) 2. Ingeniería y Tecnología::2E. Ingeniería de los Materiales Fatiga de materiales Mecánica aplicada Aprendizaje automático (inteligencia artificial) ODS 4: Educación de calidad. Garantizar una educación inclusiva y equitativa de calidad y promover oportunidades de aprendizaje permanente para todos
title_short	Fatiga por ludimiento : Avances y modelamiento computacional del comportamiento friccional
title_full	Fatiga por ludimiento : Avances y modelamiento computacional del comportamiento friccional
title_fullStr	Fatiga por ludimiento : Avances y modelamiento computacional del comportamiento friccional
title_full_unstemmed	Fatiga por ludimiento : Avances y modelamiento computacional del comportamiento friccional
title_sort	Fatiga por ludimiento : Avances y modelamiento computacional del comportamiento friccional
dc.creator.fl_str_mv	Vanegas-Useche, Libardo Vicente Mesa-Montoya, Carlos Andres Díez Molina, Nicolás Abdel Wahab, Magd
dc.contributor.author.none.fl_str_mv	Vanegas-Useche, Libardo Vicente Mesa-Montoya, Carlos Andres Díez Molina, Nicolás Abdel Wahab, Magd
dc.subject.ddc.none.fl_str_mv	530 - Física
topic	530 - Física Física Fatiga de materiales Aprendizaje automático (Inteligencia artificial) 2. Ingeniería y Tecnología::2E. Ingeniería de los Materiales Fatiga de materiales Mecánica aplicada Aprendizaje automático (inteligencia artificial) ODS 4: Educación de calidad. Garantizar una educación inclusiva y equitativa de calidad y promover oportunidades de aprendizaje permanente para todos
dc.subject.armarc.none.fl_str_mv	Física Fatiga de materiales Aprendizaje automático (Inteligencia artificial)
dc.subject.ocde.none.fl_str_mv	2. Ingeniería y Tecnología::2E. Ingeniería de los Materiales
dc.subject.proposal.spa.fl_str_mv	Fatiga de materiales Mecánica aplicada Aprendizaje automático (inteligencia artificial)
dc.subject.ods.none.fl_str_mv	ODS 4: Educación de calidad. Garantizar una educación inclusiva y equitativa de calidad y promover oportunidades de aprendizaje permanente para todos
description	: figuras, tablas
publishDate	2025
dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv	2025-08-14T13:28:18Z
dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv	2025-08-14T13:28:18Z
dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv	2025
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv	Libro
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dc.type.content.none.fl_str_mv	Text
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dc.identifier.uri.none.fl_str_mv	https://hdl.handle.net/11059/16220
dc.identifier.eisbn.none.fl_str_mv	978-628-501-024-8
dc.identifier.doi.spa.fl_str_mv	https://doi.org/10.22517/9786285010248
dc.identifier.instname.none.fl_str_mv	Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira
dc.identifier.reponame.none.fl_str_mv	Repositorio Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira
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url	https://hdl.handle.net/11059/16220 https://doi.org/10.22517/9786285010248 https://repositorio.utp.edu.co/home
identifier_str_mv	978-628-501-024-8 Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira Repositorio Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira
dc.language.iso.none.fl_str_mv	spa
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dc.relation.ispartofseries.spa.fl_str_mv	Colección Trabajos de Investigación
dc.relation.references.none.fl_str_mv	[1] D. Dini and T. Liskiewicz, “Brief history of the subject,” in Fretting Wear and Fretting Fatigue. Elsevier, 2023, pp. 3–24. 13, 29 [2] H. Hertz, Miscellaneous Paper by Heinrich Hertz. Macmillan & Co, 1896. 15 [3] C. Cattaneo, “Sul contatto di due corpi elastici: Distribuzione locale degli sforzi,” Rendiconti dell’Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei, vol. 27, pp. 342–348, 1938. 15 [4] R. D. Mindlin, “Compliance of elastic bodies in contact,” ASME Journal of Applied Mechanics, vol. 16, no. 3, pp. 259–268, 1949. 15 [5] N. A. Bhatti and M. Abdel Wahab, “A numerical investigation on critical plane orien- tation and initiation lifetimes in fretting fatigue under out of phase loading condi- tions,” Tribology International, vol. 115, pp. 307–318, 2017. 15 [6] D. Erena, J. Vázquez, C. Navarro, and J. Domínguez, “Voids as stress relievers and a palliative in fretting,” Fatigue & Fracture of Engineering Materials & Structures, vol. 41, no. 12, pp. 2475–2484, 2018. 15 [7] D. Infante-García, E. Giner, H. Miguélez, and M. Abdel Wahab, “Numerical analysis of the influence of micro-voids on fretting fatigue crack initiation lifetime,” Tribology International, vol. 135, pp. 121–129, 2019. 15, 29 [8] G. M. J. Almeida, R. A. Cardoso, G. Chassaing, S. Pommier, and J. A. Araújo, “Fretting fatigue of inconel 718 at room and elevated temperatures considering both constant and cyclic normal contact loads,” Tribology International, vol. 183, p. 108382, 2023. 15 [9] B. Dieu, S. Fouvry, V. Doquet, and F. Bridier, “Predicting fretting-fatigue endurance of rotating bending shrink-fitted assemblies using a sequential ruiz-swt approach: The effect of entrapped debris layer,” Tribology International, vol. 186, p. 108593, 2023. 15 [10] C. T. Kouanga, J. D. Jones, I. Revill, A. Wormald, D. Nowell, R. S. Dwyer-Joyce, and L. Susmel, “A variable amplitude fretting fatigue life estimation technique: Formu- lation and experimental validation,” Tribology International, vol. 178, p. 108055, 2023. 15 [11] M. Moreno-Rubio, J. Vázquez, C. Navarro, and J. Domínguez, “Experimental study on the fretting fatigue of inconel 718 superalloy,” Tribology International, vol. 186, p. 108637, 2023. 15 [12] A. L. Pinto, G. M. J. Almeida, R. Talemi, and J. A. Araújo, “Fretting fatigue under variable amplitude shear loading blocks considering partial slip regime: Experimen- tal/numerical analysis,” Tribology International, vol. 182, p. 108367, 2023. 15 [13] C. Wang, K. Fan, C. Li, and M. Abdel Wahab, “Prediction of the effect of shot pee- ning residual stress on fretting fatigue behaviour,” Tribology International, vol. 176, p. 107909, 2023. 15 [14] T. Xu, L. Lu, D. Zeng, and L. Zou, “Fretting fatigue crack growth simulation and residual life assessment of railway press-fitted axle,” Engineering Fracture Mechanics, vol. 286, p. 109290, 2023. 16 [15] D. Zeng, Y. Zhang, L. Lu, L. Zou, and S. Zhu, “Fretting wear and fatigue in press- fitted railway axle: A simulation study of the influence of stress relief groove,” Inter- national Journal of Fatigue, vol. 118, pp. 225–236, 2019. 16 [16] L. Zou, D. Zeng, Y. Dong, J. Li, X. Chen, H. Zhao, and L. Lu, “Experimental and nu- merical study on the fretting wear-fatigue interaction evolution in press-fitted axles,” International Journal of Fatigue, vol. 175, p. 107793, 2023. 16 [17] S. Montalvo, S. Fouvry, and M. Martinez, “A hybrid analytical-fem 3d approach in- cluding wear effects to simulate fretting fatigue endurance: Application to steel wires in crossed contact,” Tribology International, vol. 187, p. 108713, 2023. 16 [18] H. Asgaribakhtiari, G. H. Majzoobi, and H. Elmkhah, “On the effect of cr/crn na- nolayered coating deposited by arc-pvd method on axial fretting fatigue behavior of al7075-t6 alloy,” Surface and Coatings Technology, vol. 454, p. 129176, 2023. 16 [19] X. X. Wang, X. C. Ping, X. Zeng, R. J. Wang, Q. Zhao, S. J. Ying, and T. Hu, “Fretting fatigue experiment and simulation of wc-12co coating taking into account the wear effects,” Surface and Coatings Technology, vol. 441, p. 128555, 2022. 16, 94 [20] D. Dini and T. Liskiewicz, Fretting wear and fretting fatigue - Fundamental principles and applications. Países Bajos: Elsevier, 2023. 18 [21] D. A. Hills and D. Nowell, Mechanics of Fretting Fatigue. Springer, 1994. 18 [22] T. Hattori, Fretting Wear, Fretting Fatigue and Damping of Structures: Design Engineering Hand Book Learned from Failure Cases. Springer, 2024. 18 [23] N. A. Bhatti and M. A. Wahab, “Fretting fatigue crack nucleation: a review,” Tribology International, vol. 121, pp. 121–138, 2018. 29 [24] S. E. Kinyon, D. W. Hoeppner, and Y. Mutoh, Fretting fatigue: Advances in the basic understanding and applications. USA: ASTM International, 2003. 29 [25] L. SUSMEL and D. TAYLOR, “A novel formulation of the theory of critical distances to estimate lifetime of notched components in the medium-cycle fatigue regime,” Fatigue & Fracture of Engineering Materials and Structures, vol. 30, no. 7, pp. 567–581, 2007. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2695.2007.01122.x 32 [26] C. Navarro, S. Muñoz, and J. Domínguez, “On the use of multiaxial fatigue criteria for fretting fatigue life assessment,” International Journal of Fatigue, vol. 30, no. 1, pp. 32–44, 2008. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2007.02.018 33 [27] D. Erena, V. Martín, J. Vázquez, and C. Navarro, “Influence of the rolling of contact pads on crack initiation in fretting fatigue tests,” International Journal of Fatigue, vol. 163, p. 107087, 2022. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2022. 107087 81, 82 [28] N. D. Molina, L. V. V. Useche, C. A. Mesa, C. Wang, L. Wang, and M. A. Wahab, “Fretting fatigue crack nucleation analysis under a variable coefficient of friction,” Tribology International, vol. 194, p. 109558, 2024. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.triboint.2024.109558 82 [29] Q. Deng, N. A. Bhatti, X. Yin, and M. Abdel Wahab, “The effect of a critical micro-void defect on fretting fatigue crack initiation in heterogeneous material using a multiscale approach,” Tribology International, vol. 141, p. 105909, 2020. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.triboint.2019.105909 95 [30] N. A. Bhatti, K. Pereira, and M. Abdel Wahab, “Effect of stress gradient and quadrant averaging on fretting fatigue crack initiation angle and life,” Tribology International, vol. 131, pp. 212–221, 2019. [Online]. Available: https: //doi.org/10.1016/j.triboint.2018.10.036 100 [31] C. Wang, C. Li, Y. Ling, and M. A. Wahab, “Investigation on fretting fatigue crack initiation in heterogeneous materials using a hybrid of multiscale homogenization and direct numerical simulation,” Tribology International, vol. 169, May 2022. 100 [32] A. F. H. Úsuga, L. V. V. Useche, C. A. M. Montoya, C. Wang, and M. A. Wahab, “Effect of pad rotation angle and coefficient of friction on fretting fatigue crack nucleation behavior,” Tribology International, vol. 189, p. 109012, 2023. [33] I. Llavori, E. Giner, A. Zabala, D. Infante-Garcia, A. Aginagalde, N. Rodriguez-Florez, and X. Gomez, “Critical analysis of the suitability of crack propagation direction cri- teria for 2d cylindrical plain fretting contact,” Engineering Fracture Mechanics, vol. 214, pp. 534–543, 2019. [34] I. Llavori et al., “crack propagation direction criteria for 2d cylindrical plain fretting contact. engineering fracture mechanics, v. 214, pp.: 534-543.” 2019. [35] R. Alderliesten, “Critical review on the assessment of fatigue and fracture in compo- site materials and structures,” Engineering Failure Analysis, vol. 35, pp. 370–379, 2013. [36] F. Abbasi, G. Majzoobi, and J. Mendiguren, “A review of the effects of cyclic con- tact loading on fretting fatigue behavior,” Advances in Mechanical Engineering, vol. 12, no. 9, p. 1687814020957175, 2020. [37] R. Bill, “Review of factors that influence fretting wear,” Materials evaluation under fret- ting conditions, 1982. [38] T. Yue and M. A. Wahab, “Roughness effects on fretting fatigue,” in Journal of Physics: Conference Series, vol. 843, no. 1. IOP Publishing, 2017, p. 012056. [39] H. Fadag, S. Mall, and V. Jain, “A finite element analysis of fretting fatigue crack growth behavior in ti–6al–4v,” Engineering Fracture Mechanics, vol. 75, no. 6, pp. 1384– 1399, 2008. [40] X. Qiu, X. Wei, X. Xu, W. Xu, and M. Zhu, “Dependence of fretting wear resistance on microstructural features of alloyed steels,” Tribology International, vol. 137, pp. 39–45, 2019. [41] J. Li, Y. Lu, X. Tu, and W. Li, “The effects of subsurface microstructure evolution on fretting wear resistance of nickel-based alloy,” Wear, vol. 416, pp. 81–88, 2018. [42] A. S. Sharma, K. Biswas, and B. Basu, “Microstructure-hardness-fretting wear resis- tance correlation in ultrafine grained cu–tib2–pb composites,” Wear, vol. 319, no. 1-2, pp. 160–171, 2014. [43] O. Jin, S. Mall, and O. Sahan, “Fretting fatigue behavior of ti–6al–4v at elevated tem- perature,” International journal of fatigue, vol. 27, no. 4, pp. 395–401, 2005. [44] O. Sahan, “Fretting fatigue behavior of a titanium alloy ti-6al-4v at elevated tempe- rature,” 2002. [45] H. Lee, O. Jin, and S. Mall, “Fretting fatigue behaviour of shot-peened ti-6al-4v at room and elevated temperatures,” Fatigue & Fracture of Engineering Materials & Struc- tures, vol. 26, no. 9, pp. 767–778, 2003. [46] N. D. Molina, L. V. V. Useche, C. A. Mesa, C. Wang, L. Wang, and M. A. Wahab, “Fretting fatigue crack nucleation analysis under a variable coefficient of friction,” Tribology International, vol. 194, p. 109558, 2024. [47] S. L. Sunde, F. Berto, and B. Haugen, “Predicting fretting fatigue in engineering de- sign,” International Journal of Fatigue, vol. 117, pp. 314–326, 2018. [48] B. Alfredsson and A. Cadario, “A study on fretting friction evolution and fretting fatigue crack initiation for a spherical contact,” International journal of fatigue, vol. 26, no. 10, pp. 1037–1052, 2004. [49] R. Hojjati-Talemi, M. A. Wahab, J. De Pauw, and P. De Baets, “Prediction of fretting fa- tigue crack initiation and propagation lifetime for cylindrical contact configuration,” Tribology International, vol. 76, pp. 73–91, 2014. [50] C. Navarro, S. Muñoz, and J. Dominguez, “On the use of multiaxial fatigue criteria for fretting fatigue life assessment,” International Journal of fatigue, vol. 30, no. 1, pp. 32–44, 2008. [51] J. Madge, S. Leen, I. McColl, and P. Shipway, “Contact-evolution based prediction of fretting fatigue life: effect of slip amplitude,” Wear, vol. 262, no. 9-10, pp. 1159–1170, 2007. [52] T. Hattori, V. T. Kien, and M. Yamashita, “Fretting fatigue life estimations based on fretting mechanisms,” Tribology International, vol. 44, no. 11, pp. 1389–1393, 2011. [53] R. B. Waterhouse, “Fretting fatigue,” International materials reviews, vol. 37, no. 1, pp. 77–98, 1992. [54] T. Lindley, “Fretting fatigue in engineering alloys,” International journal of fatigue, vol. 19, no. 93, pp. 39–49, 1997. [55] F. Shen, W. Hu, and Q. Meng, “A damage mechanics approach to fretting fatigue life prediction with consideration of elastic–plastic damage model and wear,” Tribology International, vol. 82, pp. 176–190, 2015. [56] T. Hattori, M. Nakamura, H. Sakata, and T. Watanabe, “Fretting fatigue analysis using fracture mechanics,” JSME international journal. Ser. 1, Solid mechanics, strength of ma- terials, vol. 31, no. 1, pp. 100–107, 1988. [57] D. Nowell and D. Nowell, “An analysis of fretting fatigue,” Ph.D. dissertation, Uni- versity of Oxford, 1988. [58] A. Giannakopoulos and S. Suresh, “A three-dimensional analysis of fretting fatigue,” Acta Materialia, vol. 46, no. 1, pp. 177–192, 1998. [59] T. Lindley, “Fretting fatigue in engineering alloys,” International journal of fatigue, vol. 19, no. 93, pp. 39–49, 1997. [60] M. P. Szolwinski and T. N. Farris, “Observation, analysis and prediction of fretting fatigue in 2024-t351 aluminum alloy,” Wear, vol. 221, no. 1, pp. 24–36, 1998. [61] D. A. Hills, D. Nowell, and A. Sackfield, “Surface fatigue considerations in fretting,” in Tribology Series, 1987, pp. 35–40. [62] S. A. Namjoshi, S. Mall, V. K. Jain, and O. Jin, “Fretting fatigue crack initiation me- chanism in ti-6al-4v,” Fatigue & Fracture of Engineering Materials & Structures, vol. 25, no. 10, pp. 955–964, Oct. 2002. [63] M. P. Szolwinski and T. N. Farris, “Mechanics of fretting fatigue crack formation,” Wear, vol. 198, no. 1–2, pp. 93–107, Oct. 1996. [64] A. Fatemi and D. F. Socie, “A critical plane approach to multiaxial fatigue damage including out-of-phase loading,” Fatigue & Fracture of Engineering Materials & Struc- tures, vol. 11, no. 3, pp. 149–165, Mar. 1988. [65] W. N. Findley, “A theory for the effect of mean stress on fatigue of metals under com- bined torsion and axial load or bending,” Journal of Engineering for Industry, vol. 81, no. 4, pp. 301–305, Nov. 1959. [66] K. Pereira and M. A. Wahab, “Fretting fatigue crack propagation lifetime prediction in cylindrical contact using an extended mts criterion for non-proportional loading,” Tribology International, vol. 115, pp. 525–534, 2017. [67] N. A. Bhatti and M. Abdel Wahab, “A numerical investigation on critical plane orientation and initiation lifetimes in fretting fatigue under out of phase loading conditions,” Tribology International, vol. 115, pp. 307–318, 2017. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.triboint.2017.05.036
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spelling	Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)Manifiesto (Manifestamos) en este documento la voluntad de autorizar a la Biblioteca Jorge Roa Martínez de la Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira la publicación en el Repositorio institucional (http://biblioteca.utp.edu.co), la versión electrónica de la OBRA titulada: La Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira, entidad académica sin ánimo de lucro, queda por lo tanto facultada para ejercer plenamente la autorización anteriormente descrita en su actividad ordinaria de investigación, docencia y publicación. La autorización otorgada se ajusta a lo que establece la Ley 23 de 1982. Con todo, en mi (nuestra) condición de autor (es) me (nos) reservo (reservamos) los derechos morales de la OBRA antes citada con arreglo al artículo 30 de la Ley 23 de 1982. En concordancia suscribo (suscribimos) este documento en el momento mismo que hago (hacemos) entrega de mi (nuestra) OBRA a la Biblioteca “Jorge Roa Martínez” de la Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira. Manifiesto (manifestamos) que la OBRA objeto de la presente autorizaciónhttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessVanegas-Useche, Libardo Vicentevirtual::224-1Mesa-Montoya, Carlos Andresvirtual::225-1Díez Molina, Nicolásvirtual::226-1Abdel Wahab, Magdvirtual::227-12025-08-14T13:28:18Z2025-08-14T13:28:18Z2025https://hdl.handle.net/11059/16220978-628-501-024-8https://doi.org/10.22517/9786285010248Universidad Tecnológica de PereiraRepositorio Universidad Tecnológica de Pereirahttps://repositorio.utp.edu.co/home: figuras, tablasEl presente libro, enmarcado en el proyecto Accurate Simulations of Fretting Fatigue Frictional Behavior de la Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira, aborda temáticas esenciales para la integridad estructural de componentes que operan bajo cargas cíclicas. La fatiga por ludimiento ocurre cuando dos superficies en contacto, sometidas a una fuerza normal, experimentan deslizamientos relativos de pequeña amplitud. Este fenómeno puede reducir considerablemente la vida útil de los componentes, lo que exige el desarrollo de modelos precisos capaces de predecir su comportamiento y ofrecer soluciones en el diseño de sistemas mecánicos...Lista de figuras -- 9 Lista de tablas -- 10 Introducción -- 13 CAPÍTULO 1 FUNDAMENTOS DE LA FATIGA POR LUDIMIENTO -- 17 1.1 ¿QUE ES LA FATIGA POR LUDIMIENTO? -- 19 1.1.1 Superficies de contacto -- 22 1.2 EFECTOS DEBIDO A LA PRESIÓN -- 24 1.2.1 Microgrietas y fallos -- 25 1.2.2 Análisis de esfuerzos -- 26 1.3 CICLO DE VIDA ÚTIL -- 29 1.3.1 Fases del ciclo de vida útil -- 30 1.3.2 Modelado, monitoreo Y optimización de la vida útil -- 31 1.4 RESUMEN -- 32 Contenido CAPÍTULO 2 MÉTODOS DE PREDICCIÓN -- 35 2.1 CRITERIO DE FATEMI-SOCIE (FS) -- 37 2.1.1 Interacción de tensiones y deformaciones -- 38 2.1.2 Criterio FS en diseño de componentes -- 39 2.2 CRITERIO SMITH-WATSON-TOPPER (SWT) -- 40 2.2.1 Criterio SWT en ludimiento -- 40 2.3 MÉTODOS DE PROMEDIADO -- 42 2.3.1 Promediado de linea -- 43 2.3.2 Promediado de volumen -- 43 2.3.3 Promediado de cuadrante -- 44 2.4 ORIENTACIÓN Y CRECIMIENTO DE GRIETAS -- 44 2.4.1 Fase I -- 45 2.4.2 Fase II -- 46 2.4.3 Modelos de predicción de orientación de grietas de propagación -- 46 2.4.4 Técnicas experimentales para el estudio de orientación y crecimiento -- 47 2.4.5 Iniciación y propagación de grietas -- 49 2.4.6 Modelos estimadores de longitud de grietas -- 50 2.5 CARGA DESFASADA -- 55 2.5.1 Alteración del campo de tensiones -- 56 2.6 MODELADO DE LA CARGA DESFASADA -- 57 2.6.1 Enfoque analítico -- 57 2.6.2 Análisis de elementos finitos (FEA) -- 57 2.6.3 Criterios de fallo modificados -- 57 2.6.4 Modelo de la propagación de grietas -- 60 2.7 RESUMEN -- 62 CAPÍTULO 3 MODELAMIENTO COMPUTACIONAL DE LA FATIGA POR LUDIMIENTO -- 65 3.1 MODELOS NUMÉRICOS -- 67 3.1.1 Método de elementos finitos (FEM) -- 68 3.1.2 Simulaciones de dinámica molecular -- 71 3.2 MODELADO DEL CONTACTO ENTRE SUPERFICIES -- 73 3.2.1 Algoritmos de contactos -- 76 3.3 OPTIMIZACIÓN Y APRENDIZAJE AUTOMÁTICO -- 77 3.4 ANÁLISIS MULTIESCALA -- 80 3.5 ESTIMACIÓN DE VIDA ÚTIL Y ANÁLISIS DE CONFIABILIDAD EN COMPONENTES MECÁNICOS BAJO CONDICIONES DE CARGA -- 80 3.6 RESUMEN -- 84 CAPÍTULO 4 RESULTADOS DE INVESTIGACIÓN -- 87 4.1 MODELOS NUMÉRICOS -- 89 4.2 MÉTODO DE ELEMENTOS FINITOS (FEM) -- 90 4.3 CONDICIONES DE CARGA Y ZONA COHESIVA -- 91 4.3.1 Aplicación de la zona cohesiva -- 92 4.3.2 Aplicación del parámetro de FATEMI-SOCIE -- 93 4.3.3 Posprocesamiento -- 93 4.3.4 Aplicación del FEM -- 94 4.3.5 Resultados -- 95 4.3.6 Teoría de Hertz -- 97 4.3.7 Teoría de Cattaneo-Mindlin -- 97 4.4 ÁNGULOS DE ROTACIÓN Y COEFICIENTES DE FRICCIÓN -- 99 4.4.1 Mecánica de la fatiga por ludimiento -- 100 4.4.2 Selección del parámetro de daño del plano crítico -- 102 4.4.3 Modelo FEM -- 102 4.4.4 Resultados -- 105 4.5 ANÁLISIS DE LA NUCLEACIÓN Y COEFICIENTE DE FRICCIÓN VARIABLE · · · · 109 4.5.1 Descripción del modelo -- 109 4.5.2 Implementación del modelo de coeficiente de fricción variable (VCoF) -- 110 4.5.3 Parámetro de daño de plano crítico -- 111 4.5.4 Parámetro de acumulación de daño -- 113 4.5.5 Implementación del script -- 113 4.5.6 Resultados -- 114 4.6 PERSPECTIVAS EN LA SIMULACIÓN DE LA FATIGA POR LUDIMIENTO -- 119 4.7 CONSIDERACIONES SOBRE LA ROBUSTEZ DEL MODELO -- 121 4.7.1 Proyecciones futuras -- 123 4.8 RESUMEN -- 125 CAPÍTULO 5 GLOSARIO -- 129 Referencias -- 135141 páginasapplication/pdfspaUniversidad Tecnológica de PereiraPereiraColección Trabajos de Investigación[1] D. 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Wahab, “Fretting fatigue crack propagation lifetime prediction in cylindrical contact using an extended mts criterion for non-proportional loading,” Tribology International, vol. 115, pp. 525–534, 2017.[67] N. A. Bhatti and M. Abdel Wahab, “A numerical investigation on critical plane orientation and initiation lifetimes in fretting fatigue under out of phase loading conditions,” Tribology International, vol. 115, pp. 307–318, 2017. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.triboint.2017.05.036530 - FísicaFísicaFatiga de materialesAprendizaje automático (Inteligencia artificial)2. Ingeniería y Tecnología::2E. Ingeniería de los MaterialesFatiga de materialesMecánica aplicadaAprendizaje automático (inteligencia artificial)ODS 4: Educación de calidad. Garantizar una educación inclusiva y equitativa de calidad y promover oportunidades de aprendizaje permanente para todosFatiga por ludimiento : Avances y modelamiento computacional del comportamiento friccionalLibroinfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersionhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2f33Textinfo:eu-repo/semantics/bookPereira, Risaralda, ColombiaComunidad académica y científica, Estudiantes, Docentes, InvestigadoresPublication799af7fb-00c7-4d8b-808e-b7a6f625ec19virtual::224-198bf7144-5288-475a-8abc-0c9091b1c641virtual::225-173b68d80-3c6a-4649-ac4e-18252b185b28virtual::226-16c31f4f6-50f2-46be-b34e-ce9b5f7aa997virtual::227-1799af7fb-00c7-4d8b-808e-b7a6f625ec19virtual::224-198bf7144-5288-475a-8abc-0c9091b1c641virtual::225-173b68d80-3c6a-4649-ac4e-18252b185b28virtual::226-16c31f4f6-50f2-46be-b34e-ce9b5f7aa997virtual::227-1https://scholar.google.com/citations?hl=es&user=x-UZNPkAAAAJ&view_op=list_works&gmla=AL3_zigwUnD_6zuZeNxORo0EBXIMeYz_m2V85JGIrcs8o2bFILUoJ98z7I1jmA-F26h4JFuGA8FXpyv9g1n_snGRvDcCgpWozfi-JfNR6fTtrtdpWGqtH-3feQ6HILI6s_P_dWFJRDoW06u0hBMuixPRarRcJUsn7m6QL0Xm6uLyMw&iaan=Libardo+Vicente+Vanegasvirtual::224-1https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5891-8696virtual::224-10000-0002-9353-4575virtual::225-10000-0001-8476-1525virtual::226-10000-0002-3610-865Xvirtual::227-1https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0000144398virtual::224-1ORIGINALFATIGA POR LUDIMIENTO (2).pdfFATIGA POR LUDIMIENTO (2).pdfapplication/pdf5216760https://repositorio.utp.edu.co/bitstreams/226198f1-f398-427d-94cb-44a728f10494/download6adb70375720c740b9c176f51d3ba649MD51LICENSElicense.txtlicense.txttext/plain; charset=utf-815543https://repositorio.utp.edu.co/bitstreams/c32e8953-1f15-4f3b-b81e-fb110440f38c/download73a5432e0b76442b22b026844140d683MD52THUMBNAILImagen1.pngimage/png222241https://repositorio.utp.edu.co/bitstreams/32c20dba-2c0a-483a-ad65-edd039014704/downloadff3b9d4658a53522ab2a3e6796678eeaMD53FATIGA POR LUDIMIENTO (2).pdf.jpgFATIGA POR LUDIMIENTO (2).pdf.jpgGenerated Thumbnailimage/jpeg9995https://repositorio.utp.edu.co/bitstreams/d63a904f-f609-43fa-85d6-53239f9c1866/downloadef51a241f0468958ef126a96e18a5375MD55TEXTFATIGA POR LUDIMIENTO (2).pdf.txtFATIGA POR LUDIMIENTO (2).pdf.txtExtracted texttext/plain105949https://repositorio.utp.edu.co/bitstreams/7ad215b4-69e1-4550-badf-1cfd9edf3b9d/download581888fc3384f3109f167e2aa7e61385MD5411059/16220oai:repositorio.utp.edu.co:11059/162202025-10-15 10:52:22.366https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/Manifiesto (Manifestamos) en este documento la voluntad de autorizar a la Biblioteca Jorge Roa Martínez de la Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira la publicación en el Repositorio institucional (http://biblioteca.utp.edu.co), la versión electrónica de la OBRA titulada: La Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira, entidad académica sin ánimo de lucro, queda por lo tanto facultada para ejercer plenamente la autorización anteriormente descrita en su actividad ordinaria de investigación, docencia y publicación. La autorización otorgada se ajusta a lo que establece la Ley 23 de 1982. Con todo, en mi (nuestra) condición de autor (es) me (nos) reservo (reservamos) los derechos morales de la OBRA antes citada con arreglo al artículo 30 de la Ley 23 de 1982. En concordancia suscribo (suscribimos) este documento en el momento mismo que hago (hacemos) entrega de mi (nuestra) OBRA a la Biblioteca “Jorge Roa Martínez” de la Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira. Manifiesto (manifestamos) que la OBRA objeto de la presente autorizaciónopen.accesshttps://repositorio.utp.edu.coRepositorio de la Universidad Tecnológica de 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

Fatiga por ludimiento : Avances y modelamiento computacional del comportamiento friccional

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