Design and Cogging Torque Reduction of Radial Flux Brushless DC Motors with Varied Permanent Magnet Pole Shapes for Electric Vehicle Application

Brushless direct current motors have more attractive features, making them a promising solution for electric vehicle applications. A 1 kW, 510 rpm, 24-slots and 8-pole inner runner type surface permanent magnet mounted radial flux brushless DC motor with seven different permanent magnet pole shape r...

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Autores:
Jhankal, Tanuj
N. Patel, Amit
Tipo de recurso:
Article of journal
Fecha de publicación:
2023
Institución:
Universidad Tecnológica de Bolívar
Repositorio:
Repositorio Institucional UTB
Idioma:
eng
OAI Identifier:
oai:repositorio.utb.edu.co:20.500.12585/13520
Acceso en línea:
https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12585/13520
https://doi.org/10.32397/tesea.vol4.n2.535
Palabra clave:
Cogging Torque
Radial Pole Shaping
Electric Vehicle
Brushless DC Motor
Geometry Modifications
Design variation Techniques
Torque Ripple
Rights
openAccess
License
Tanuj Jhankal, Amit N. Patel - 2023
id UTB2_c462d49135cb6cbd2960ba7eeed0754a
oai_identifier_str oai:repositorio.utb.edu.co:20.500.12585/13520
network_acronym_str UTB2
network_name_str Repositorio Institucional UTB
repository_id_str
dc.title.spa.fl_str_mv Design and Cogging Torque Reduction of Radial Flux Brushless DC Motors with Varied Permanent Magnet Pole Shapes for Electric Vehicle Application
dc.title.translated.spa.fl_str_mv Design and Cogging Torque Reduction of Radial Flux Brushless DC Motors with Varied Permanent Magnet Pole Shapes for Electric Vehicle Application
title Design and Cogging Torque Reduction of Radial Flux Brushless DC Motors with Varied Permanent Magnet Pole Shapes for Electric Vehicle Application
spellingShingle Design and Cogging Torque Reduction of Radial Flux Brushless DC Motors with Varied Permanent Magnet Pole Shapes for Electric Vehicle Application
Cogging Torque
Radial Pole Shaping
Electric Vehicle
Brushless DC Motor
Geometry Modifications
Design variation Techniques
Torque Ripple
title_short Design and Cogging Torque Reduction of Radial Flux Brushless DC Motors with Varied Permanent Magnet Pole Shapes for Electric Vehicle Application
title_full Design and Cogging Torque Reduction of Radial Flux Brushless DC Motors with Varied Permanent Magnet Pole Shapes for Electric Vehicle Application
title_fullStr Design and Cogging Torque Reduction of Radial Flux Brushless DC Motors with Varied Permanent Magnet Pole Shapes for Electric Vehicle Application
title_full_unstemmed Design and Cogging Torque Reduction of Radial Flux Brushless DC Motors with Varied Permanent Magnet Pole Shapes for Electric Vehicle Application
title_sort Design and Cogging Torque Reduction of Radial Flux Brushless DC Motors with Varied Permanent Magnet Pole Shapes for Electric Vehicle Application
dc.creator.fl_str_mv Jhankal, Tanuj
N. Patel, Amit
dc.contributor.author.eng.fl_str_mv Jhankal, Tanuj
N. Patel, Amit
dc.subject.eng.fl_str_mv Cogging Torque
Radial Pole Shaping
Electric Vehicle
Brushless DC Motor
Geometry Modifications
Design variation Techniques
Torque Ripple
topic Cogging Torque
Radial Pole Shaping
Electric Vehicle
Brushless DC Motor
Geometry Modifications
Design variation Techniques
Torque Ripple
description Brushless direct current motors have more attractive features, making them a promising solution for electric vehicle applications. A 1 kW, 510 rpm, 24-slots and 8-pole inner runner type surface permanent magnet mounted radial flux brushless DC motor with seven different permanent magnet pole shape rotor is investigated. Motors with different permanent magnet shape rotors were designed, and finite element modelling and simulation were carried out. For performance comparison, the initial design with a radial-type pole shape was regarded as a reference design. Cogging torque is detrimental to the overall performance of the motor, typically in low-speed applications like electric vehicles. The primary aim of this paper is to reduce the cogging torque & study its effect on the overall performance of the motor and minimize torque ripples with reduced permanent magnet requirements. The proposed designs are analyzed in terms of cogging torque, flux density, torque, efficiency, flux linkage and back-EMF. The comparative analysis shows that the motor with bump-shaped permanent magnet rotor poles has betterperformance than the others.
publishDate 2023
dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv 2023-12-29 13:09:03
2025-05-21T19:15:47Z
dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv 2023-12-29 13:09:03
dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv 2023-12-29
dc.type.spa.fl_str_mv Artículo de revista
dc.type.coar.fl_str_mv http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1
dc.type.driver.eng.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
dc.type.coar.eng.fl_str_mv http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501
dc.type.local.eng.fl_str_mv Journal article
dc.type.content.eng.fl_str_mv Text
dc.type.version.eng.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
dc.type.coarversion.eng.fl_str_mv http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85
format http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501
status_str publishedVersion
dc.identifier.uri.none.fl_str_mv https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12585/13520
dc.identifier.url.none.fl_str_mv https://doi.org/10.32397/tesea.vol4.n2.535
dc.identifier.doi.none.fl_str_mv 10.32397/tesea.vol4.n2.535
dc.identifier.eissn.none.fl_str_mv 2745-0120
url https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12585/13520
https://doi.org/10.32397/tesea.vol4.n2.535
identifier_str_mv 10.32397/tesea.vol4.n2.535
2745-0120
dc.language.iso.eng.fl_str_mv eng
language eng
dc.relation.references.eng.fl_str_mv F. C. Mushid and D. G. Dorrell. Review of axial flux induction motor for automotive applications. In 2017 IEEE Workshop on Electrical Machines Design, Control and Diagnosis (WEMDCD), pages 146–151, 2017. [2] Julio A. Sanguesa, Vicente Torres-Sanz, Piedad Garrido, Francisco J. Martinez, and Johann M. Marquez-Barja. A review on electric vehicles: Technologies and challenges. Smart Cities, 4(1):372–404, 2021. [3] Ritvik Chattopadhyay, Md Sariful Islam, Ion Boldea, and Iqbal Husain. Fea characterization of bi-axial excitation machine for automotive traction applications. In 2021 IEEE International Electric Machines & Drives Conference (IEMDC), pages 1–7, 2021. [4] Zhi Cao, Amin Mahmoudi, Solmaz Kahourzade, and Wen L. Soong. An overview of electric motors for electric vehicles. In 2021 31st Australasian Universities Power Engineering Conference (AUPEC), pages 1–6, 2021. [5] Ramu Krishnan. Permanent Magnet Synchronous and Brushless DC Motor Drives. CRC Press, 1st edition, 2010. [6] Deepak Mohanraj, Janaki Gopalakrishnan, Bharatiraja Chokkalingam, and Lucian Mihet-Popa. Critical aspects of electric motor drive controllers and mitigation of torque ripple—review. IEEE Access, 10:73635–73674, 2022. [7] J. R. Miller, T. J. E.and Handershot Jr. Design of Permanent Magnet Motor. Oxford, Oxford University Press, U.K., 1994. [8] D. C. Hanselman. Brushless Permanent Magnet Motor Design. McGrow-Hill, New York, 1994. [9] Hongyun Jia, Ming Cheng, Wei Hua, Wenxiang Zhao, and Wenlong Li. Torque ripple suppression in flux-switching pm motor by harmonic current injection based on voltage space-vector modulation. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 46(6):1527–1530, 2010. [10] T. Jhankal and A. N. Patel. Core edge inset radius variation technique to reduce cogging torque of interior permanent magnet synchronous motors. International Journal of Scientific and Technology Research, 9:6041–6048, 2020. [11] Sang-Moon Hwang, Jae-Boo Eom, Geun-Bae Hwang, Weui-Bong Jeong, and Yoong-Ho Jung. Cogging torque and acoustic noise reduction in permanent magnet motors by teeth pairing. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 36(5):3144–3146, 2000. [12] Haichao Feng, Sheng Zhang, Jinsong Wei, Xiaozhuo Xu, Caixia Gao, and Liwang Ai. Torque ripple reduction of brushless dc motor with convex arc-type permanent magnets based on robust optimization design. IET Electric Power Applications, 16(5):565–574, 2022. [13] M. Aydin, Z. Q. Zhu, T. A. Lipo, and D. Howe. Minimization of cogging torque in axial-flux permanent-magnet machines: Design concepts. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 43(9):3614–3622, 2007. [14] F. Caricchi, F.G. Capponi, F. Crescimbini, and L. Solero. Experimental study on reducing cogging torque and no-load power loss in axial-flux permanent-magnet machines with slotted winding. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 40(4):1066–1075, 2004. [15] Massimo Barcaro and Nicola Bianchi. Torque ripple reduction in fractional-slot interior pm machines optimizing the flux-barrier geometries. In 2012 XXth International Conference on Electrical Machines, pages 1496–1502, 2012. [16] N. Bianchi and S. Bolognani. Design techniques for reducing the cogging torque in surface-mounted pm motors. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 38(5):1259–1265, 2002. [17] Young-Hoon Jung, Myung-Seop Lim, Myung-Hwan Yoon, Jae-Sik Jeong, and Jung-Pyo Hong. Torque ripple reduction of ipmsm applying asymmetric rotor shape under certain load condition. IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, 33(1):333–340, 2018. [18] Jingchen Liang, Amir Parsapour, Zhuo Yang, Carlos Caicedo-Narvaez, Mehdi Moallem, and Babak Fahimi. Optimization of air-gap profile in interior permanent-magnet synchronous motors for torque ripple mitigation. IEEE Transactions on Transportation Electrification, 5(1):118–125, 2019. [19] Tanuj Jhankal and Amit N. Patel. Design and analysis of spoke type radial flux interior permanent magnet synchronous motor for high-speed application. In 2022 2nd Odisha International Conference on Electrical Power Engineering, Communication and Computing Technology (ODICON), pages 1–5, 2022. [20] Li Zhu, S. Z. Jiang, Z. Q. Zhu, and C. C. Chan. Analytical methods for minimizing cogging torque in permanent-magnet machines. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 45(4):2023–2031, 2009. [21] Xiuhe Wang, Yubo Yang, and Dajin Fu. Study of cogging torque in surface-mounted permanent magnet motors with energy method. Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 267(1):80–85, 2003. [22] Tanuj Jhankal and Amit N. Patel. Cogging torque minimization of high-speed spoke-type radial flux permanent magnet brushless dc motor using core bridge width variation technique. In 2023 International Conference on Recent Advances in Electrical, Electronics & Digital Healthcare Technologies (REEDCON), pages 750–755, 2023. [23] Daohan Wang, Xiuhe Wang, Mun-Kyeom Kim, and Sang-Yong Jung. Integrated optimization of two design techniques for cogging torque reduction combined with analytical method by a simple gradient descent method. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 48(8):2265–2276, 2012.
dc.relation.ispartofjournal.eng.fl_str_mv Transactions on Energy Systems and Engineering Applications
dc.relation.citationvolume.eng.fl_str_mv 4
dc.relation.citationstartpage.none.fl_str_mv 1
dc.relation.citationendpage.none.fl_str_mv 13
dc.relation.bitstream.none.fl_str_mv https://revistas.utb.edu.co/tesea/article/download/535/385
dc.relation.citationedition.eng.fl_str_mv Núm. 2 , Año 2023 : Transactions on Energy Systems and Engineering Applications
dc.relation.citationissue.eng.fl_str_mv 2
dc.rights.eng.fl_str_mv Tanuj Jhankal, Amit N. Patel - 2023
dc.rights.uri.eng.fl_str_mv https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
dc.rights.accessrights.eng.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.rights.creativecommons.eng.fl_str_mv This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
dc.rights.coar.eng.fl_str_mv http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
rights_invalid_str_mv Tanuj Jhankal, Amit N. Patel - 2023
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.format.mimetype.eng.fl_str_mv application/pdf
dc.publisher.eng.fl_str_mv Universidad Tecnológica de Bolívar
dc.source.eng.fl_str_mv https://revistas.utb.edu.co/tesea/article/view/535
institution Universidad Tecnológica de Bolívar
repository.name.fl_str_mv Repositorio Digital Universidad Tecnológica de Bolívar
repository.mail.fl_str_mv bdigital@metabiblioteca.com
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spelling Jhankal, TanujN. Patel, Amit2023-12-29 13:09:032025-05-21T19:15:47Z2023-12-29 13:09:032023-12-29https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12585/13520https://doi.org/10.32397/tesea.vol4.n2.53510.32397/tesea.vol4.n2.5352745-0120Brushless direct current motors have more attractive features, making them a promising solution for electric vehicle applications. A 1 kW, 510 rpm, 24-slots and 8-pole inner runner type surface permanent magnet mounted radial flux brushless DC motor with seven different permanent magnet pole shape rotor is investigated. Motors with different permanent magnet shape rotors were designed, and finite element modelling and simulation were carried out. For performance comparison, the initial design with a radial-type pole shape was regarded as a reference design. Cogging torque is detrimental to the overall performance of the motor, typically in low-speed applications like electric vehicles. The primary aim of this paper is to reduce the cogging torque & study its effect on the overall performance of the motor and minimize torque ripples with reduced permanent magnet requirements. The proposed designs are analyzed in terms of cogging torque, flux density, torque, efficiency, flux linkage and back-EMF. The comparative analysis shows that the motor with bump-shaped permanent magnet rotor poles has betterperformance than the others.application/pdfengUniversidad Tecnológica de BolívarTanuj Jhankal, Amit N. Patel - 2023https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessThis work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2https://revistas.utb.edu.co/tesea/article/view/535Cogging TorqueRadial Pole ShapingElectric VehicleBrushless DC MotorGeometry ModificationsDesign variation TechniquesTorque RippleDesign and Cogging Torque Reduction of Radial Flux Brushless DC Motors with Varied Permanent Magnet Pole Shapes for Electric Vehicle ApplicationDesign and Cogging Torque Reduction of Radial Flux Brushless DC Motors with Varied Permanent Magnet Pole Shapes for Electric Vehicle ApplicationArtículo de revistainfo:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1Journal articleTextinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85F. C. Mushid and D. G. Dorrell. Review of axial flux induction motor for automotive applications. In 2017 IEEE Workshop on Electrical Machines Design, Control and Diagnosis (WEMDCD), pages 146–151, 2017. [2] Julio A. Sanguesa, Vicente Torres-Sanz, Piedad Garrido, Francisco J. Martinez, and Johann M. Marquez-Barja. A review on electric vehicles: Technologies and challenges. Smart Cities, 4(1):372–404, 2021. [3] Ritvik Chattopadhyay, Md Sariful Islam, Ion Boldea, and Iqbal Husain. Fea characterization of bi-axial excitation machine for automotive traction applications. In 2021 IEEE International Electric Machines & Drives Conference (IEMDC), pages 1–7, 2021. [4] Zhi Cao, Amin Mahmoudi, Solmaz Kahourzade, and Wen L. Soong. An overview of electric motors for electric vehicles. In 2021 31st Australasian Universities Power Engineering Conference (AUPEC), pages 1–6, 2021. [5] Ramu Krishnan. Permanent Magnet Synchronous and Brushless DC Motor Drives. CRC Press, 1st edition, 2010. [6] Deepak Mohanraj, Janaki Gopalakrishnan, Bharatiraja Chokkalingam, and Lucian Mihet-Popa. Critical aspects of electric motor drive controllers and mitigation of torque ripple—review. IEEE Access, 10:73635–73674, 2022. [7] J. R. Miller, T. J. E.and Handershot Jr. Design of Permanent Magnet Motor. Oxford, Oxford University Press, U.K., 1994. [8] D. C. Hanselman. Brushless Permanent Magnet Motor Design. McGrow-Hill, New York, 1994. [9] Hongyun Jia, Ming Cheng, Wei Hua, Wenxiang Zhao, and Wenlong Li. Torque ripple suppression in flux-switching pm motor by harmonic current injection based on voltage space-vector modulation. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 46(6):1527–1530, 2010. [10] T. Jhankal and A. N. Patel. Core edge inset radius variation technique to reduce cogging torque of interior permanent magnet synchronous motors. International Journal of Scientific and Technology Research, 9:6041–6048, 2020. [11] Sang-Moon Hwang, Jae-Boo Eom, Geun-Bae Hwang, Weui-Bong Jeong, and Yoong-Ho Jung. Cogging torque and acoustic noise reduction in permanent magnet motors by teeth pairing. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 36(5):3144–3146, 2000. [12] Haichao Feng, Sheng Zhang, Jinsong Wei, Xiaozhuo Xu, Caixia Gao, and Liwang Ai. Torque ripple reduction of brushless dc motor with convex arc-type permanent magnets based on robust optimization design. IET Electric Power Applications, 16(5):565–574, 2022. [13] M. Aydin, Z. Q. Zhu, T. A. Lipo, and D. Howe. Minimization of cogging torque in axial-flux permanent-magnet machines: Design concepts. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 43(9):3614–3622, 2007. [14] F. Caricchi, F.G. Capponi, F. Crescimbini, and L. Solero. Experimental study on reducing cogging torque and no-load power loss in axial-flux permanent-magnet machines with slotted winding. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 40(4):1066–1075, 2004. [15] Massimo Barcaro and Nicola Bianchi. Torque ripple reduction in fractional-slot interior pm machines optimizing the flux-barrier geometries. In 2012 XXth International Conference on Electrical Machines, pages 1496–1502, 2012. [16] N. Bianchi and S. Bolognani. Design techniques for reducing the cogging torque in surface-mounted pm motors. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 38(5):1259–1265, 2002. [17] Young-Hoon Jung, Myung-Seop Lim, Myung-Hwan Yoon, Jae-Sik Jeong, and Jung-Pyo Hong. Torque ripple reduction of ipmsm applying asymmetric rotor shape under certain load condition. IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, 33(1):333–340, 2018. [18] Jingchen Liang, Amir Parsapour, Zhuo Yang, Carlos Caicedo-Narvaez, Mehdi Moallem, and Babak Fahimi. Optimization of air-gap profile in interior permanent-magnet synchronous motors for torque ripple mitigation. IEEE Transactions on Transportation Electrification, 5(1):118–125, 2019. [19] Tanuj Jhankal and Amit N. Patel. Design and analysis of spoke type radial flux interior permanent magnet synchronous motor for high-speed application. In 2022 2nd Odisha International Conference on Electrical Power Engineering, Communication and Computing Technology (ODICON), pages 1–5, 2022. [20] Li Zhu, S. Z. Jiang, Z. Q. Zhu, and C. C. Chan. Analytical methods for minimizing cogging torque in permanent-magnet machines. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 45(4):2023–2031, 2009. [21] Xiuhe Wang, Yubo Yang, and Dajin Fu. Study of cogging torque in surface-mounted permanent magnet motors with energy method. Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 267(1):80–85, 2003. [22] Tanuj Jhankal and Amit N. Patel. Cogging torque minimization of high-speed spoke-type radial flux permanent magnet brushless dc motor using core bridge width variation technique. In 2023 International Conference on Recent Advances in Electrical, Electronics & Digital Healthcare Technologies (REEDCON), pages 750–755, 2023. [23] Daohan Wang, Xiuhe Wang, Mun-Kyeom Kim, and Sang-Yong Jung. Integrated optimization of two design techniques for cogging torque reduction combined with analytical method by a simple gradient descent method. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 48(8):2265–2276, 2012.Transactions on Energy Systems and Engineering Applications4113https://revistas.utb.edu.co/tesea/article/download/535/385Núm. 2 , Año 2023 : Transactions on Energy Systems and Engineering Applications220.500.12585/13520oai:repositorio.utb.edu.co:20.500.12585/135202025-05-21 14:15:47.97https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0Tanuj Jhankal, Amit N. Patel - 2023metadata.onlyhttps://repositorio.utb.edu.coRepositorio Digital Universidad Tecnológica de Bolívarbdigital@metabiblioteca.com

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