Sustainable Catalysts from Industrial FeO Waste for Pyrolysis and Oxidation of Hospital Polypropylene in Cartagena

During the COVID-19 pandemic, polypropylene waste generated in hospitals increased significantly. However, conventional strategies for the final disposal of environmental waste, such as incineration, proved inefficient due to the generation of toxic chemical species. In this research, these PP waste...

Full description

Autores:
Hernandez Fernandez, Joaquin
Carrascal Sanchez, Juan
Lopez Martinez, Juan
Tipo de recurso:
Fecha de publicación:
2024
Institución:
Universidad Tecnológica de Bolívar
Repositorio:
Repositorio Institucional UTB
Idioma:
eng
OAI Identifier:
oai:repositorio.utb.edu.co:20.500.12585/12707
Acceso en línea:
https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12585/12707
Palabra clave:
Covid-19
Hospital plastic of polypropylene waste
Pyrolysis
Sustainable catalyst
Oxide iron
GC-MS
LEMB
Rights
openAccess
License
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/
id UTB2_52df3e8c082a65b7265894ad6dd13acc
oai_identifier_str oai:repositorio.utb.edu.co:20.500.12585/12707
network_acronym_str UTB2
network_name_str Repositorio Institucional UTB
repository_id_str
dc.title.spa.fl_str_mv Sustainable Catalysts from Industrial FeO Waste for Pyrolysis and Oxidation of Hospital Polypropylene in Cartagena
title Sustainable Catalysts from Industrial FeO Waste for Pyrolysis and Oxidation of Hospital Polypropylene in Cartagena
spellingShingle Sustainable Catalysts from Industrial FeO Waste for Pyrolysis and Oxidation of Hospital Polypropylene in Cartagena
Covid-19
Hospital plastic of polypropylene waste
Pyrolysis
Sustainable catalyst
Oxide iron
GC-MS
LEMB
title_short Sustainable Catalysts from Industrial FeO Waste for Pyrolysis and Oxidation of Hospital Polypropylene in Cartagena
title_full Sustainable Catalysts from Industrial FeO Waste for Pyrolysis and Oxidation of Hospital Polypropylene in Cartagena
title_fullStr Sustainable Catalysts from Industrial FeO Waste for Pyrolysis and Oxidation of Hospital Polypropylene in Cartagena
title_full_unstemmed Sustainable Catalysts from Industrial FeO Waste for Pyrolysis and Oxidation of Hospital Polypropylene in Cartagena
title_sort Sustainable Catalysts from Industrial FeO Waste for Pyrolysis and Oxidation of Hospital Polypropylene in Cartagena
dc.creator.fl_str_mv Hernandez Fernandez, Joaquin
Carrascal Sanchez, Juan
Lopez Martinez, Juan
dc.contributor.author.none.fl_str_mv Hernandez Fernandez, Joaquin
Carrascal Sanchez, Juan
Lopez Martinez, Juan
dc.subject.keywords.spa.fl_str_mv Covid-19
Hospital plastic of polypropylene waste
Pyrolysis
Sustainable catalyst
Oxide iron
GC-MS
topic Covid-19
Hospital plastic of polypropylene waste
Pyrolysis
Sustainable catalyst
Oxide iron
GC-MS
LEMB
dc.subject.armarc.none.fl_str_mv LEMB
description During the COVID-19 pandemic, polypropylene waste generated in hospitals increased significantly. However, conventional strategies for the final disposal of environmental waste, such as incineration, proved inefficient due to the generation of toxic chemical species. In this research, these PP wastes were mixed with 1.5, 20, 150, 200, and 400 mg of iron oxide (FeO), extruded, and pelletized to obtain samples HW-PP-0, HW-PP-1, HW-PP-2, HW-PP-3, and HW-PP-4, respectively. XRF, TGA, and GC-MS characterized these samples. The samples were subjected to pyrolysis and thermo-oxidative degradation with controlled currents of nitrogen and oxygen. The characterization of the gases resulting from pyrolysis was carried out with a GC-MS, where the results showed that HW-PP-0 (mixed with 1.5 mg of FeO) presented the highest concentrations of alkanes (35.65%) and alkenes (63.7%), and the lowest levels of alkynes (0.3%), alcohols (0.12%), ketones (0.04%), and carboxylic acids (0.2%). The opposite was observed with the hospital waste HW-PP-4 (mixed with 400 mg of FeO), which presented the highest levels of alkynes (2.93%), alcohols (28.1%), ketones (9.8%), and carboxylic acids (8%). The effect of FeO on HW-PP-O during thermo-oxidative degradation generated values of alkanes (11%) and alkenes (30%) lower than those during pyrolysis. The results showed the catalytic power of FeO and its linear relationship with concentration. This research proposes the mechanisms that can explain the formation of different functional groups of various molecular weights which allow us to understand the presence of alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, alcohols, ketones, and carboxylic acids.
publishDate 2024
dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv 2024-08-14T12:13:45Z
dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv 2024-08-14T12:13:45Z
dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv 2024-07-11
dc.date.submitted.none.fl_str_mv 2024-08-13
dc.type.coarversion.fl_str_mv http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85
dc.type.coar.fl_str_mv http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1
dc.type.driver.spa.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
dc.type.hasversion.spa.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
dc.type.spa.spa.fl_str_mv http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501
status_str publishedVersion
dc.identifier.citation.spa.fl_str_mv Hernandez-Fernandez, J.; Sanchez, J.C.; Martinez, J.L. Sustainable Catalysts from Industrial FeO Waste for Pyrolysis and Oxidation of Hospital Polypropylene in Cartagena. Sustainability 2024, 16, 5934. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16145934
dc.identifier.uri.none.fl_str_mv https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12585/12707
dc.identifier.doi.none.fl_str_mv 10.3390/ su16145934
dc.identifier.instname.spa.fl_str_mv Universidad Tecnológica de Bolívar
dc.identifier.reponame.spa.fl_str_mv Repositorio Universidad Tecnológica de Bolívar
identifier_str_mv Hernandez-Fernandez, J.; Sanchez, J.C.; Martinez, J.L. Sustainable Catalysts from Industrial FeO Waste for Pyrolysis and Oxidation of Hospital Polypropylene in Cartagena. Sustainability 2024, 16, 5934. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16145934
10.3390/ su16145934
Universidad Tecnológica de Bolívar
Repositorio Universidad Tecnológica de Bolívar
url https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12585/12707
dc.language.iso.spa.fl_str_mv eng
language eng
dc.rights.coar.fl_str_mv http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
dc.rights.uri.*.fl_str_mv http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/
dc.rights.accessrights.spa.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.rights.cc.*.fl_str_mv CC0 1.0 Universal
rights_invalid_str_mv http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/
CC0 1.0 Universal
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.format.extent.none.fl_str_mv 22 paginas
dc.format.mimetype.spa.fl_str_mv application/pdf
dc.coverage.spatial.none.fl_str_mv Cartagena
dc.publisher.place.spa.fl_str_mv Cartagena de Indias
dc.publisher.sede.spa.fl_str_mv Campus Tecnológico
dc.source.spa.fl_str_mv Sustainability 2024, 16(14)
institution Universidad Tecnológica de Bolívar
bitstream.url.fl_str_mv https://repositorio.utb.edu.co/bitstream/20.500.12585/12707/1/sustainability-16-05934.pdf
https://repositorio.utb.edu.co/bitstream/20.500.12585/12707/2/license_rdf
https://repositorio.utb.edu.co/bitstream/20.500.12585/12707/3/license.txt
https://repositorio.utb.edu.co/bitstream/20.500.12585/12707/4/sustainability-16-05934.pdf.txt
https://repositorio.utb.edu.co/bitstream/20.500.12585/12707/5/sustainability-16-05934.pdf.jpg
bitstream.checksum.fl_str_mv ab34c552f78f2f31016d5ae1bf686f60
42fd4ad1e89814f5e4a476b409eb708c
e20ad307a1c5f3f25af9304a7a7c86b6
e43562076da6076b1cfcc1ae681e8eed
15302ab8cc37c91e9d92b6cdd6d80514
bitstream.checksumAlgorithm.fl_str_mv MD5
MD5
MD5
MD5
MD5
repository.name.fl_str_mv Repositorio Institucional UTB
repository.mail.fl_str_mv repositorioutb@utb.edu.co
_version_ 1814021604467802112
spelling Hernandez Fernandez, Joaquine572e424-8c7f-4b36-ade7-2c94d29e3c79Carrascal Sanchez, Juandcd3beeb-5af2-483e-b9a9-434479126dc1Lopez Martinez, Juan89d41ef5-b3d0-4272-8fa4-4eb5f9789befCartagena2024-08-14T12:13:45Z2024-08-14T12:13:45Z2024-07-112024-08-13Hernandez-Fernandez, J.; Sanchez, J.C.; Martinez, J.L. Sustainable Catalysts from Industrial FeO Waste for Pyrolysis and Oxidation of Hospital Polypropylene in Cartagena. Sustainability 2024, 16, 5934. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16145934https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12585/1270710.3390/ su16145934Universidad Tecnológica de BolívarRepositorio Universidad Tecnológica de BolívarDuring the COVID-19 pandemic, polypropylene waste generated in hospitals increased significantly. However, conventional strategies for the final disposal of environmental waste, such as incineration, proved inefficient due to the generation of toxic chemical species. In this research, these PP wastes were mixed with 1.5, 20, 150, 200, and 400 mg of iron oxide (FeO), extruded, and pelletized to obtain samples HW-PP-0, HW-PP-1, HW-PP-2, HW-PP-3, and HW-PP-4, respectively. XRF, TGA, and GC-MS characterized these samples. The samples were subjected to pyrolysis and thermo-oxidative degradation with controlled currents of nitrogen and oxygen. The characterization of the gases resulting from pyrolysis was carried out with a GC-MS, where the results showed that HW-PP-0 (mixed with 1.5 mg of FeO) presented the highest concentrations of alkanes (35.65%) and alkenes (63.7%), and the lowest levels of alkynes (0.3%), alcohols (0.12%), ketones (0.04%), and carboxylic acids (0.2%). The opposite was observed with the hospital waste HW-PP-4 (mixed with 400 mg of FeO), which presented the highest levels of alkynes (2.93%), alcohols (28.1%), ketones (9.8%), and carboxylic acids (8%). The effect of FeO on HW-PP-O during thermo-oxidative degradation generated values of alkanes (11%) and alkenes (30%) lower than those during pyrolysis. The results showed the catalytic power of FeO and its linear relationship with concentration. This research proposes the mechanisms that can explain the formation of different functional groups of various molecular weights which allow us to understand the presence of alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, alcohols, ketones, and carboxylic acids.22 paginasapplication/pdfenghttp://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessCC0 1.0 Universalhttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2Sustainability 2024, 16(14)Sustainable Catalysts from Industrial FeO Waste for Pyrolysis and Oxidation of Hospital Polypropylene in Cartagenainfo:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1Covid-19Hospital plastic of polypropylene wastePyrolysisSustainable catalystOxide ironGC-MSLEMBCartagena de IndiasCampus TecnológicoInvestigadoresRajmohan, K.V.S.; Ramya, C.; Viswanathan, M.R.; Varjani, S. Plastic pollutants: Effective waste management for pollution control and abatement. Curr. Opin. Environ. Sci. Health 2019, 12, 72–84. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.COESH.2019.08.006.Windfeld, E.S.; Brooks, M.S.L. Medical waste management—A review. J. Environ. Manag. 2015, 163, 98–108. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JENVMAN.2015.08.013.PlasticsEurope. Plastics‐the Facts 2016 An Analysis of European Plastics Production, Demand and Waste Data; PlasticsEurope: Brussels, Belgium, 2016.Hahladakis, J.N.; Velis, C.A.; Weber, R.; Iacovidou, E.; Purnell, P. An overview of chemical additives present in plastics: Migration, release, fate and environmental impact during their use, disposal and recycling. J. Hazard. Mater. 2018, 344, 179–199. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JHAZMAT.2017.10.014.Geyer, R.; Jambeck, J.R.; Law, K.L. Production, use, and fate of all plastics ever made. Sci. Adv. 2017, 3, e1700782. https://doi.org/10.1126/SCIADV.1700782.Zheng, J.; Suh, S. Strategies to reduce the global carbon footprint of plastics. Nat. Clim. Chang. 2019, 9, 374–378. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-019-0459-z.Jambeck, J.R.; Geyer, R.; Wilcox, C.; Siegler, T.R.; Perryman, M.; Andrady, A.; Narayan, R.; Law, K.L. Plastic waste inputs from land into the ocean. Science 2015, 347, 768–771. https://doi.org/10.1126/SCIENCE.1260352/SUPPL_FILE/JAMBECK.SM.PDF.MacKenzie, D. COVID-19 goes global. New Sci. 2020, 245, 7. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0262-4079(20)30424-3.Babaji, P.; Singh, A.; Lau, H.; Lamba, G.; Somasundaram, P. Deletion of short arm of chromosome 18, Del(18p) syndrome. J. Indian Soc. Pedod. Prev. Dent. 2014, 32, 68–70. https://doi.org/10.4103/0970-4388.127063.Selvaraj, D.; Raja, J.; Prasath, S. Interdisciplinary approach for bilateral maxillary canine: First premolar transposition with complex problems in an adult patient. J. Pharm. Bioallied Sci. 2013, 5 (Suppl. 2), S190–S194. https://doi.org/10.4103/0975-7406.114319.Liu, H.C.; You, J.X.; Lu, C.; Chen, Y.Z. Evaluating health-care waste treatment technologies using a hybrid multi-criteria decision making model. Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 2015, 41, 932–942. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.RSER.2014.08.061.Yu, H.; Sun, X.; Solvang, W.D.; Zhao, X. Reverse Logistics Network Design for Effective Management of Medical Waste in Epidemic Outbreaks: Insights from the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Outbreak in Wuhan (China). Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17, 1770. https://doi.org/10.3390/IJERPH17051770.Kumar, N.M.; Mohammed, M.A.; Abdulkareem, K.H.; Damasevicius, R.; Mostafa, S.A.; Maashi, M.S.; Chopra, S.S. Artificial intelligence-based solution for sorting COVID related medical waste streams and supporting data-driven decisions for smart circular economy practice. Process Saf. Environ. Prot. 2021, 152, 482–494. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PSEP.2021.06.026.Ilyas, S.; Srivastava, R.R.; Kim, H. Disinfection technology and strategies for COVID-19 hospital and bio-medical waste management. Sci. Total Environ. 2020, 749, 141652. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.SCITOTENV.2020.141652.Dharmaraj, S.; Ashokkumar, V.; Pandiyan, R.; Munawaroh, H.S.H.; Chew, K.W.; Chen, W.-H.; Ngamcharussrivichai, C. Pyrolysis: An effective technique for degradation of COVID-19 medical wastes. Chemosphere 2021, 275, 130092. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.CHEMOSPHERE.2021.130092.Cities Wonder Whether Recycling Counts as Essential During the Virus—Bloomberg. Available online: https://www.bloomberg. com/news/articles/2020-03-27/cities-wonder-whether-recycling-counts-as-essential-during-the-virus (accessed on 30 May 2024).Ramadhani, B.; Kivevele, T.; Kihedu, J.H.; Jande, Y.A.C. Catalytic tar conversion and the prospective use of iron-based catalyst in the future development of biomass gasification: A review. Biomass Convers. Biorefin. 2020, 12, 1369–1392. https://doi.org/10.1007/S13399-020-00814-X.Yao, D.; Wang, C.H. Pyrolysis and in-line catalytic decomposition of polypropylene to carbon nanomaterials and hydrogen over Fe- and Ni-based catalysts. Appl. Energy 2020, 265, 114819. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.APENERGY.2020.114819.Jin, L.; Si, H.; Zhang, J.; Lin, P.; Hu, Z.; Qiu, B.; Hu, H. Preparation of activated carbon supported Fe–Al2O3 catalyst and its application for hydrogen production by catalytic methane decomposition. Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 2013, 38, 10373–10380. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.IJHYDENE.2013.06.023.Xu, L.; Lin, X.; Xi, Y.; Lu, X.; Wang, C.; Liu, C. Alumina-supported Fe catalyst prepared by vapor deposition and its catalytic performance for oxidative dehydrogenation of ethane. Mater. Res. Bull. 2014, 59, 254–260. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.MATERRESBULL. 2014.07.023.Yao, D.; Li, H.; Dai, Y.; Wang, C.H. Impact of temperature on the activity of Fe-Ni catalysts for pyrolysis and decomposition processing of plastic waste. Chem. Eng. J. 2021, 408, 127268. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.CEJ.2020.127268.Kumagai, S.; Hosaka, T.; Kameda, T.; Yoshioka, T. Removal of toxic HCN and recovery of H2-rich syngas via catalytic reforming of product gas from gasification of polyimide over Ni/Mg/Al catalysts. J. Anal. Appl. Pyrolysis 2017, 123, 330–339. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JAAP.2016.11.012.Rodríguez, E.; Gutiérrez, A.; Palos, R.; Vela, F.J.; Arandes, J.M.; Bilbao, J. Fuel production by cracking of polyolefins pyrolysis waxes under fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) operating conditions. Waste Manag. 2019, 93, 162–172. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.WASMAN. 2019.05.005.Veses, A.; Sanahuja-Parejo, O.; Callén, M.S.; Murillo, R.; García, T. A combined two-stage process of pyrolysis and catalytic cracking of municipal solid waste for the production of syngas and solid refuse-derived fuels. Waste Manag. 2020, 101, 171–179. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.WASMAN.2019.10.009Williams, P.T. Hydrogen and Carbon Nanotubes from Pyrolysis-Catalysis of Waste Plastics: A Review. Waste Biomass Valorization 2021, 12, 1–28. https://doi.org/10.1007/S12649-020-01054-W/.Cai, N.; Xia, S.; Li, X.; Xiao, H.; Chen, X.; Chen, Y.; Bartocci, P.; Chen, H.; Williams, P.T.; Yang, H. High-value products from exsitu catalytic pyrolysis of polypropylene waste using iron-based catalysts: The influence of support materials. Waste Manag. 2021, 136, 47–56. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.WASMAN.2021.09.030.Alptekin, F.M.; Celiktas, M.S. Review on Catalytic Biomass Gasification for Hydrogen Production as a Sustainable Energy Form and Social, Technological, Economic, Environmental, and Political Analysis of Catalysts. ACS Omega 2022, 7, 24918–24941. https://doi.org/10.1021/ACSOMEGA.2C01538/.Hao, T.; Huang, Y.; Li, F.; Wu, Y.; Fang, L. Facet-dependent Fe(II) redox chemistry on iron oxide for organic pollutant transformation and mechanisms. Water Res. 2022, 219, 118587. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.WATRES.2022.118587Hu, J.; Poelman, H.; Marin, G.B.; Detavernier, C.; Kawi, S.; Galvita, V.V. FeO controls the sintering of iron-based oxygen carriers in chemical looping CO2conversion. J. CO2 Util. 2020, 40, 101216. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JCOU.2020.101216.Lu, Z.H.; Xu, Q. Intermediates of CO oxidation on iron oxides: An experimental and theoretical study. J. Chem. Phys. 2011, 134, 34305. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3523648/983327.Hernández-Fernández, J.; Castro-Suarez, J.R.; Toloza, C.A.T. Iron Oxide Powder as Responsible for the Generation of Industrial Polypropylene Waste and as a Co-Catalyst for the Pyrolysis of Non-Additive Resins. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23, 11708. https://doi.org/10.3390/IJMS231911708.Cai, N.; Xia, S.; Li, X.; Sun, L.; Bartocci, P.; Fantozzi, F.; Zhang, H.; Chen, H.; Williams, P.T.; Yang, H. Influence of the ratio of Fe/Al2O3 on waste polypropylene pyrolysis for high value-added products. J. Clean. Prod. 2021, 315, 128240. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JCLEPRO.2021.128240.Zheng, Y.; Cheng, Y.; Wang, Y.; Bao, F.; Zhou, L.; Wei, X.; Zhang, Y.; Zheng, Q. Quasicubic alpha-Fe2O3 nanoparticles with excellent catalytic performance. J. Phys. Chem. B 2006, 110, 3093–3097. https://doi.org/10.1021/JP056617Q.Acomb, J.C.; Wu, C.; Williams, P.T. Effect of growth temperature and feedstock:catalyst ratio on the production of carbon nanotubes and hydrogen from the pyrolysis of waste plastics. J. Anal. Appl. Pyrolysis 2015, 113, 231–238. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JAAP.2015.01.012.Wu, C.; Nahil, M.A.; Miskolczi, N.; Huang, J.; Williams, P.T. Processing real-world waste plastics by pyrolysis-reforming for hydrogen and high-value carbon nanotubes. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2014, 48, 819–826. https://doi.org/10.1021/ES402488B.Chen, X.; Liu, Z.; Chen, W.; Yang, H.; Chen, H. Catalytic pyrolysis of cotton stalk to produce aromatic hydrocarbons over Fe modified CaO catalysts and ZSM-5. J. Anal. Appl. Pyrolysis 2022, 166, 105635. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JAAP.2022.105635.Cho, D.W.; Chon, C.-M.; Yim, G.-J.; Ryu, J.; Jo, H.; Kim, S.-J.; Jang, J.-Y.; Song, H. Adsorption of potentially harmful elements by metal-biochar prepared via Co-pyrolysis of coffee grounds and Nano Fe(III) oxides. Chemosphere 2023, 319, 136536. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.CHEMOSPHERE.2022.136536.Deng, J.; Deng, X.; Yuan, S.; Ma, D.; Liu, J.; Xie, X.; He, R.; Yang, T. Effect of precipitating agents for the preparation of Fe-based catalysts on coal pyrolysis: Effect of Ba and Mg additives. Fuel 2022, 320, 124000. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.FUEL.2022.124000.Ge, L.; Zhao, C.; Zuo, M.; Du, Y.; Tang, J.; Chu, H.; Wang, Y.; Xu, C. Effects of Fe addition on pyrolysis characteristics of lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose. J. Energy Inst. 2023, 107, 101177. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JOEI.2023.101177.Dong, Y.; Tian, B.; Guo, F.; Du, S.; Zhan, Y.; Zhou, H.; Qian, L. Application of low-cost Fe-based catalysts in the microwaveassisted pyrolysis of macroalgae and lignocellulosic biomass for the upgradation of bio-oil. Fuel 2021, 300, 120944. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.FUEL.2021.120944.He, R.; Liu, H.; Lu, Q.; Zhao, Y.; Wang, X.; Xie, X.; Deng, X.; Yuan, S. Effects of Si and Al elements in coal on Fe-catalyzed brown coal pyrolysis. Fuel 2022, 315, 123170. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.FUEL.2022.123170.Yao, D.; Wu, C.; Yang, H.; Zhang, Y.; Nahil, M.A.; Chen, Y.; Williams, P.T.; Chen, H. Co-production of hydrogen and carbon nanotubes from catalytic pyrolysis of waste plastics on Ni-Fe bimetallic catalyst. Energy Convers. Manag. 2017, 148, 692–700. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ENCONMAN.2017.06.012Aboul-Enein, A.A.; Awadallah, A.E. Production of nanostructured carbon materials using Fe–Mo/MgO catalysts via mild catalytic pyrolysis of polyethylene waste. Chem. Eng. J. 2018, 354, 802–816. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.CEJ.2018.08.046Tezel, E.; Figen, H.E.; Baykara, S.Z. Hydrogen production by methane decomposition using bimetallic Ni–Fe catalysts. Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 2019, 44, 9930–9940. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.IJHYDENE.2018.12.151.Kwon, G.; Cho, D.W.; Kwon, E.E.; Rinklebe, J.; Wang, H.; Song, H. Beneficial use of Fe-impregnated bentonite as a catalyst for pyrolysis of grass cut into syngas, bio-oil and biochar. Chem. Eng. J. 2022, 448, 137502. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.CEJ.2022.137502.Liu, R.; Li, C.; Zheng, J.; Liao, L.; Zhang, Y. Effect of Fe impregnation on CO2-assisted pyrolysis of hazelnut shell. Fuel 2022, 324, 124514. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.FUEL.2022.124514.Tafjord, J.; Regli, S.K.; Dugulan, A.I.; Rønning, M.; Rytter, E.; Holmen, A.; Myrstad, R.; Yang, J. Influence of temperature during pyrolysis of Fe-alginate: Unraveling the pathway towards highly active Fe/C catalysts. Appl. Catal. A Gen. 2022, 644, 118834. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcata.2022.118834.Yuwen, C.; Liu, B.; Rong, Q.; Hou, K.; Zhang, L.; Guo, S. Mechanism of microwave-assisted iron-based catalyst pyrolysis of discarded COVID-19 masks. Waste Manag. 2023, 155, 77–86. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.WASMAN.2022.10.041.Wang, H.; Zhang, B.; Luo, P.; Huang, K.; Zhou, Y. Simultaneous Achievement of High-Yield Hydrogen and High-Performance Microwave Absorption Materials from Microwave Catalytic Deconstruction of Plastic Waste. Processes 2022, 10, 782. https://doi.org/10.3390/PR10040782.Jie, X.; Li, W.; Slocombe, D.; Gao, Y.; Banerjee, I.; Gonzalez-Cortes, S.; Yao, B.; AlMegren, H.; Alshihri, S.; Dilworth, J.; et al. Microwave-initiated catalytic deconstruction of plastic waste into hydrogen and high-value carbons. Nat. Catal. 2020, 3, 902– 912. https://doi.org/10.1038/S41929-020-00518-5.Álvarez, M.L.; Gascó, G.; Palacios, T.; Paz-Ferreiro, J.; Méndez, A. Fe oxides-biochar composites produced by hydrothermal carbonization and pyrolysis of biomass waste. J. Anal. Appl. Pyrolysis 2020, 151, 104893. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JAAP.2020.104893.Das, P.; Tiwari, P. The effect of slow pyrolysis on the conversion of packaging waste plastics (PE and PP) into fuel. Waste Manag. 2018, 79, 615–624. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.WASMAN.2018.08.021.Sobko, A.A. Generalized van der Waals-Berthelot equation of state. Dokl. Phys. 2008, 53, 416. https://doi.org/10.1134/S1028335808080028.Sapuan, S.M.; Jamal, T.; Abdan, K. Slow Pyrolysis of Disinfected COVID-19 Non-Woven Polypropylene (PP) Waste. 2021. Available online: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/351710043 (accessed on 31 May 2024).Marcilla, A.; García-Quesada, J.C.; Sánchez, S.; Ruiz, R. Study of the catalytic pyrolysis behaviour of polyethylene–polypropylene mixtures. J. Anal. Appl. Pyrolysis 2005, 74, 387–392. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JAAP.2004.10.005.Jung, S.H.; Cho, M.H.; Kang, B.S.; Kim, J.S. Pyrolysis of a fraction of waste polypropylene and polyethylene for the recovery of BTX aromatics using a fluidized bed reactor. Fuel Process. Technol. 2010, 91, 277–284. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.FUPROC. 2009.10.009.Panda, A.K.; Singh, R.K.; Mishra, D.K. Thermolysis of waste plastics to liquid fuel: A suitable method for plastic waste management and manufacture of value added products—A world prospective. Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 2010, 14, 233–248. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.RSER.2009.07.005.Ahmad, I.; Khan, M.I.; Khan, H.; Ishaq, M.; Tariq, R.; Gul, K.; Ahmad, W. Pyrolysis Study of Polypropylene and Polyethylene Into Premium Oil Products. Int. J. Green Energy 2015, 12, 663–671. https://doi.org/10.1080/15435075.2014.880146.Aguado, J.; Serrano, D.P.; Escola, J.M.; Garagorri, E.; Fernández, J.A. Catalytic conversion of polyolefins into fuels over zeolite beta. Polym. Degrad. Stab. 2000, 69, 11–16. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0141-3910(00)00023-9.Li, M.; Endo, R.; Akoshima, M.; Susa, M. Temperature Dependence of Thermal Diffusivity and Conductivity of FeO Scale Produced on Iron by Thermal Oxidation. ISIJ Int. 2017, 57, 2097–2106. https://doi.org/10.2355/isijinternational.ISIJINT-2017-301.Nakatani, H.; Shibata, H.; Miyazaki, K.; Yonezawa, T.; Takeda, H.; Azuma, Y.; Watanabe, S. Studies on heterogeneous degradation of polypropylene/talc composite: Effect of iron impurity on the degradation behavior. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2010, 115, 167– 173. https://doi.org/10.1002/APP.31010.Mowery, D.M.; Assink, R.A.; Derzon, D.K.; Klamo, S.B.; Clough, R.L.; Bernstein, R. Solid-state 13C NMR investigation of the oxidative degradation of selectively labeled polypropylene by thermal aging and γ-irradiation. Macromolecules 2005, 38, 5035– 5046. https://doi.org/10.1021/MA047381B.Carlsson, D.J.; Wiles, D.M. The Photooxidative Degradation of Polypropylene. Part I. Photooxidation and Photoinitiation Processes. J. Macromol. Sci. Part C Polym. Rev. 1976, 14, 65–106. https://doi.org/10.1080/15321797608076113Bahri-Laleh, N.; Correa, A.; Mehdipour-Ataei, S.; Arabi, H.; Haghighi, M.N.; Zohuri, G.; Cavallo, L. Moving up and down the titanium oxidation state in Ziegler-Natta catalysis. Macromolecules 2011, 44, 778–783. https://doi.org/10.1021/MA1023582.Lee, H.W.; Park, Y.K. Catalytic Pyrolysis of Polyethylene and Polypropylene over Desilicated Beta and Al-MSU-F. Catalysts 2018, 8, 501. https://doi.org/10.3390/CATAL8110501.Papuga, S.; Djurdjevic, M.; Ciccioli, A.; Ciprioti, S.V. Catalytic Pyrolysis of Plastic Waste and Molecular Symmetry Effects: A Review. Symmetry 2023, 15, 38. https://doi.org/10.3390/SYM15010038.Clough, R.L. Isotopic exchange in gamma-irradiated mixtures of C24H5 and C24D5: Evidence of free radical migration in the solid state. J. Chem. Phys. 1987, 87, 1588–1595. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.453218.Commereuc, S.; Vaillant, D.; Philippart, J.L.; Lacoste, J.; Lemaire, J.; Carlsson, D.J. Photo and thermal decomposition of iPP hydroperoxides. Polym. Degrad. Stab. 1997, 57, 175–182. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0141-3910(96)00183-8.Suriapparao, D.V.; Gautam, R.; Jeeru, L.R. Analysis of pyrolysis index and reaction mechanism in microwave-assisted ex-situ catalytic co-pyrolysis of agro-residual and plastic wastes. Bioresour. Technol. 2022, 357, 127357. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.BIORTECH. 2022.127357.Zhang, Y.; Fu, Z.; Wang, W.; Ji, G.; Zhao, M.; Li, A. Kinetics, Product Evolution, and Mechanism for the Pyrolysis of Typical Plastic Waste. ACS Sustain. Chem. Eng. 2022, 10, 91–103. https://doi.org/10.1021/ACSSUSCHEMENG.1C04915.Hernández-Fernández, J.; Vivas-Reyes, R.; Toloza, C.A.T. Experimental Study of the Impact of Trace Amounts of Acetylene and Methylacetylene on the Synthesis, Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Polypropylene. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23, 12148.Hernández-Fernández, J.; Cano, H.; Aldas, M. Impact of Traces of Hydrogen Sulfide on the Efficiency of Ziegler–Natta Catalyst on the Final Properties of Polypropylene. Polymers 2022, 14, 3910.Hernández-Fernández, J.; Lopez-Martinez, J.; Barceló, D. Development and validation of a methodology for quantifying partsper-billion levels of arsine and phosphine in nitrogen, hydrogen and liquefied petroleum gas using a variable pressure sampler coupled to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. J. Chromatogr. A 2021, 1637, 461833.Pavon, C.; Aldas, M.; Hernández-Fernández, J.; López-Martínez, J. Comparative characterization of gum rosins for their use as sustainable additives in polymeric matrices. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2021, 139, 51734.Hernandez-Fernández, J.; Guerra, Y.; Espinosa, E. Development and Application of a Principal Component Analysis Model to Quantify the Green Ethylene Content in Virgin Impact Copolymer Resins During Their Synthesis on an Industrial Scale. J. Polym. Environ. 2022, 30, 4800–4808Chacon, H.; Cano, H.; Fernández, J.H.; Guerra, Y.; Puello-Polo, E.; Ríos-Rojas, J.F.; Ruiz, Y. Effect of Addition of Polyurea as an Aggregate in Mortars: Analysis of Microstructure and Strength. Polymers 2022, 14, 1753.Hernández-Fernández, J.; González-Cuello, R.; Ortega-Toro, R. Parts per million of propanol and arsine as responsible for the poisoning of the propylene polymerization reaction. Polymers 2023, 15, 3619. https://doi.org/10.3390/POLYM15173619.Hernández-Fernández, J.; Ortega-Toro, R.; Castro-Suarez, J.R. Theoretical–experimental study of the action of trace amounts of formaldehyde, propionaldehyde, and butyraldehyde as inhibitors of the ziegler–natta catalyst and the synthesis of an ethylene– propylene copolymer. Polymers 2023, 15, 1098. https://doi.org/10.3390/POLYM15051098.Hernandez-Fernandez, J.; Cano, H.; Guerra, Y. Detection of Bisphenol A and Four Analogues in Atmospheric Emissions in Petrochemical Complexes Producing Polypropylene in South America. Molecules 2022, 27, 4832. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27154832.http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1ORIGINALsustainability-16-05934.pdfsustainability-16-05934.pdfapplication/pdf3132253https://repositorio.utb.edu.co/bitstream/20.500.12585/12707/1/sustainability-16-05934.pdfab34c552f78f2f31016d5ae1bf686f60MD51CC-LICENSElicense_rdflicense_rdfapplication/rdf+xml; charset=utf-8701https://repositorio.utb.edu.co/bitstream/20.500.12585/12707/2/license_rdf42fd4ad1e89814f5e4a476b409eb708cMD52LICENSElicense.txtlicense.txttext/plain; charset=utf-83182https://repositorio.utb.edu.co/bitstream/20.500.12585/12707/3/license.txte20ad307a1c5f3f25af9304a7a7c86b6MD53TEXTsustainability-16-05934.pdf.txtsustainability-16-05934.pdf.txtExtracted texttext/plain70144https://repositorio.utb.edu.co/bitstream/20.500.12585/12707/4/sustainability-16-05934.pdf.txte43562076da6076b1cfcc1ae681e8eedMD54THUMBNAILsustainability-16-05934.pdf.jpgsustainability-16-05934.pdf.jpgGenerated Thumbnailimage/jpeg7975https://repositorio.utb.edu.co/bitstream/20.500.12585/12707/5/sustainability-16-05934.pdf.jpg15302ab8cc37c91e9d92b6cdd6d80514MD5520.500.12585/12707oai:repositorio.utb.edu.co:20.500.12585/127072024-08-15 00:19:31.081Repositorio Institucional UTBrepositorioutb@utb.edu.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

Publicaciones similares