Cronies, Rents, and Import Licenses: Non-tariff Trade Controls throughout Import Substitution Industrialization (ISI) in Mexico
This paper fills a gap in the literature about Import-substituting Industrialization (ISI) by analyzing non-tariff trade controls, mainly import licenses, with a focus on Mexico, a case that has not been studied in detail. The core questions addressed include: Which specific pattern licensing were f...
- Autores:
- Tipo de recurso:
- Article of journal
- Fecha de publicación:
- 2020
- Institución:
- Universidad de Bogotá Jorge Tadeo Lozano
- Repositorio:
- Expeditio: repositorio UTadeo
- Idioma:
- eng
- OAI Identifier:
- oai:expeditiorepositorio.utadeo.edu.co:20.500.12010/21633
- Acceso en línea:
- https://revistas.utadeo.edu.co/index.php/TyE/issue/view/134
https://doi.org/10.21789/24222704.1615
http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12010/21633
- Palabra clave:
- Rent-Seeking
Import-Licensing In Mexico
Protectionism
Ciencias económicas
Industrialización -- México
Desarrollo económico
Búsqueda De Rentas
Licencias De Importación En México
Proteccionismo
- Rights
- License
- Copyright (c) 2022 Revista Tiempo & Economía
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| dc.title.spa.fl_str_mv |
Cronies, Rents, and Import Licenses: Non-tariff Trade Controls throughout Import Substitution Industrialization (ISI) in Mexico |
| title |
Cronies, Rents, and Import Licenses: Non-tariff Trade Controls throughout Import Substitution Industrialization (ISI) in Mexico |
| spellingShingle |
Cronies, Rents, and Import Licenses: Non-tariff Trade Controls throughout Import Substitution Industrialization (ISI) in Mexico Rent-Seeking Import-Licensing In Mexico Protectionism Ciencias económicas Industrialización -- México Desarrollo económico Búsqueda De Rentas Licencias De Importación En México Proteccionismo |
| title_short |
Cronies, Rents, and Import Licenses: Non-tariff Trade Controls throughout Import Substitution Industrialization (ISI) in Mexico |
| title_full |
Cronies, Rents, and Import Licenses: Non-tariff Trade Controls throughout Import Substitution Industrialization (ISI) in Mexico |
| title_fullStr |
Cronies, Rents, and Import Licenses: Non-tariff Trade Controls throughout Import Substitution Industrialization (ISI) in Mexico |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Cronies, Rents, and Import Licenses: Non-tariff Trade Controls throughout Import Substitution Industrialization (ISI) in Mexico |
| title_sort |
Cronies, Rents, and Import Licenses: Non-tariff Trade Controls throughout Import Substitution Industrialization (ISI) in Mexico |
| dc.subject.spa.fl_str_mv |
Rent-Seeking Import-Licensing In Mexico Protectionism |
| topic |
Rent-Seeking Import-Licensing In Mexico Protectionism Ciencias económicas Industrialización -- México Desarrollo económico Búsqueda De Rentas Licencias De Importación En México Proteccionismo |
| dc.subject.lemb.spa.fl_str_mv |
Ciencias económicas Industrialización -- México Desarrollo económico |
| dc.subject.keyword.spa.fl_str_mv |
Búsqueda De Rentas Licencias De Importación En México Proteccionismo |
| description |
This paper fills a gap in the literature about Import-substituting Industrialization (ISI) by analyzing non-tariff trade controls, mainly import licenses, with a focus on Mexico, a case that has not been studied in detail. The core questions addressed include: Which specific pattern licensing were followed? What was the economic rationale behind such pattern, and Is there evidence that non-tariff controls were ‘captured’ that is, facilitating rent-seeking? In order to answer these questions, the project takes a qualitative and quantitative approach, using primary evidence gathered in archives as well as statistics from secondary sources, which are combined in novel ways. Specifically, here we provide descriptive statistics of the licensing system, and demonstrate that the policy lacked internal consistency, an overwhelming majority of products were protected for far longer than officially specified, and that illegal source of rents from trade –smuggling and “free perimeters”– were significant. The main findings, which shed light on larger debates about ISI are that excessive protectionism was neither effective nor sustainable and that cronyism characterized the post-Second World War process of industrialization in Mexico. |
| publishDate |
2020 |
| dc.date.created.none.fl_str_mv |
2020-05-29 |
| dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv |
2021-09-07T19:09:41Z |
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2021-09-07T19:09:41Z |
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http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1 |
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http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85 |
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info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
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http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501 |
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http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501 |
| dc.identifier.citation.none.fl_str_mv |
Castañeda, A. (2020). Cronies, Rents, and Import Licenses: Non-tariff Trade Controls throughout Import Substitution Industrialization (ISI) in Mexico. Tiempo Y economía, 7(2), 90-118. https://doi.org/10.21789/24222704.1615 |
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https://revistas.utadeo.edu.co/index.php/TyE/issue/view/134 https://doi.org/10.21789/24222704.1615 |
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http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12010/21633 |
| dc.identifier.doi.none.fl_str_mv |
10.21789/24222704.1615 |
| identifier_str_mv |
Castañeda, A. (2020). Cronies, Rents, and Import Licenses: Non-tariff Trade Controls throughout Import Substitution Industrialization (ISI) in Mexico. Tiempo Y economía, 7(2), 90-118. https://doi.org/10.21789/24222704.1615 10.21789/24222704.1615 |
| url |
https://revistas.utadeo.edu.co/index.php/TyE/issue/view/134 https://doi.org/10.21789/24222704.1615 http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12010/21633 |
| dc.language.iso.spa.fl_str_mv |
eng |
| language |
eng |
| dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv |
Copyright (c) 2022 Revista Tiempo & Economía |
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http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2 |
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Abierto (Texto Completo) |
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Copyright (c) 2022 Revista Tiempo & Economía Abierto (Texto Completo) http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2 |
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29 páginas |
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application/pdf |
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Universidad de Bogotá Jorge Tadeo Lozano |
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Expeditio Repositorio Institucional UJTL |
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Universidad de Bogotá Jorge Tadeo Lozano |
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2021-09-07T19:09:41Z2021-09-07T19:09:41Z2020-05-29Castañeda, A. (2020). Cronies, Rents, and Import Licenses: Non-tariff Trade Controls throughout Import Substitution Industrialization (ISI) in Mexico. Tiempo Y economía, 7(2), 90-118. https://doi.org/10.21789/24222704.1615https://revistas.utadeo.edu.co/index.php/TyE/issue/view/134https://doi.org/10.21789/24222704.1615http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12010/2163310.21789/24222704.1615This paper fills a gap in the literature about Import-substituting Industrialization (ISI) by analyzing non-tariff trade controls, mainly import licenses, with a focus on Mexico, a case that has not been studied in detail. The core questions addressed include: Which specific pattern licensing were followed? What was the economic rationale behind such pattern, and Is there evidence that non-tariff controls were ‘captured’ that is, facilitating rent-seeking? In order to answer these questions, the project takes a qualitative and quantitative approach, using primary evidence gathered in archives as well as statistics from secondary sources, which are combined in novel ways. Specifically, here we provide descriptive statistics of the licensing system, and demonstrate that the policy lacked internal consistency, an overwhelming majority of products were protected for far longer than officially specified, and that illegal source of rents from trade –smuggling and “free perimeters”– were significant. The main findings, which shed light on larger debates about ISI are that excessive protectionism was neither effective nor sustainable and that cronyism characterized the post-Second World War process of industrialization in Mexico.#Rent-SeekingEste artículo pretende llenar un vacío en la literatura sobre la industri-alización sustitutiva de importaciones (ISI) mediante el análisis de controles comerciales no arancelarios (principalmente licencias de importación) en México, un país en el que este asunto no ha sido estudiado en detalle. Las preguntas centrales abordadas son: ¿qué patrón de licenciamiento específ-ico siguió este país; ¿cuál fue la razón económica detrás de dicho patrón?; ¿existe evidencia de que los controles no arancelarios fueron “capturados” para facilitar la búsqueda de rentas? Para responder estas preguntas, el proyecto adopta un enfoque cualitativo y cuantitativo, utilizando eviden-cia primaria obtenida de archivos y estadísticas de fuentes secundarias, las cuales se combinan de formas novedosas. Específicamente, este trabajo proporciona estadísticas descriptivas del sistema de licencias para dem-ostrar que la política carecía de consistencia interna, la protección otorgada a la abrumadora mayoría de los productos durante mucho más tiempo de lo que se especificó oficialmente y que la fuente ilegal de rentas del comercio, es decir, el contrabando y los “perímetros libres”, tuvo un valor significativo. Los principales hallazgos, que arrojan luz sobre debates más amplios sobre la ISI, señalan que el proteccionismo excesivo no fue efectivo ni sostenible y que el clientelismo caracterizó el proceso de industrialización posterior a la Segunda Guerra Mundial en México.29 páginasapplication/pdfengUniversidad de Bogotá Jorge Tadeo LozanoCopyright (c) 2022 Revista Tiempo & EconomíaAbierto (Texto Completo)http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2Expeditio Repositorio Institucional UJTLRent-SeekingImport-Licensing In MexicoProtectionismCiencias económicasIndustrialización -- MéxicoDesarrollo económicoBúsqueda De RentasLicencias De Importación En MéxicoProteccionismoCronies, Rents, and Import Licenses: Non-tariff Trade Controls throughout Import Substitution Industrialization (ISI) in Mexicoinfo:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85Castañeda, AlejandroORIGINALdocument.pdfdocument.pdfVer documentoapplication/pdf192253https://expeditiorepositorio.utadeo.edu.co/bitstream/20.500.12010/21633/5/document.pdf2019242c8d543e4d9ab04044483072daMD55open accessLICENSElicense.txtlicense.txttext/plain; charset=utf-82938https://expeditiorepositorio.utadeo.edu.co/bitstream/20.500.12010/21633/2/license.txtbaba314677a6b940f072575a13bb6906MD52open accessTHUMBNAILTiempo.pngTiempo.pngTiempoimage/png100874https://expeditiorepositorio.utadeo.edu.co/bitstream/20.500.12010/21633/4/Tiempo.png5a10d8c3c4d968b6e6ece26b05021599MD54open accessdocument.pdf.jpgdocument.pdf.jpgIM Thumbnailimage/jpeg13867https://expeditiorepositorio.utadeo.edu.co/bitstream/20.500.12010/21633/6/document.pdf.jpg06d33cb80070f7caed96c7d824073cdbMD56open access20.500.12010/21633oai:expeditiorepositorio.utadeo.edu.co:20.500.12010/216332022-10-25 03:01:24.084open accessRepositorio Institucional - Universidad Jorge Tadeo Lozanoexpeditiorepositorio@utadeo.edu.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 |