Incidencia de los filtros UV sobre los corales y otras especies marinas. Una revisión

En los últimos años, el impacto ambiental de la contaminación por filtros UV en ambientes marinos, ha sido centro de investigación. En el presente texto se realizó una revisión sistemática de la información publicada desde 2008 a 2024. El análisis evidenció que la oxibenzona (BP-3), octocrileno (OC)...

Full description

Autores:: Galvis Galindo, Ivonne Viviana

Tipo de recurso:: Trabajo de grado de pregrado

Fecha de publicación:: 2024

Institución:: Universidad Militar Nueva Granada

Repositorio:: Repositorio UMNG

Idioma:: spa

id	UNIMILTAR2_00cbee904237ae6fb1ed7575e826512b
oai_identifier_str	oai:repository.umng.edu.co:10654/47540
network_acronym_str	UNIMILTAR2
network_name_str	Repositorio UMNG
repository_id_str
dc.title.spa.fl_str_mv	Incidencia de los filtros UV sobre los corales y otras especies marinas. Una revisión
dc.title.eng.fl_str_mv	Impact of UV filters on corals and other marine species. A review
title	Incidencia de los filtros UV sobre los corales y otras especies marinas. Una revisión
spellingShingle	Incidencia de los filtros UV sobre los corales y otras especies marinas. Una revisión filtros UV Blanqueamiento coralino Bioacumulación Oxibenzona Octocrileno Corales UV filters Coral bleaching Bioaccumulation Oxybenzone Octocrylene Corals
title_short	Incidencia de los filtros UV sobre los corales y otras especies marinas. Una revisión
title_full	Incidencia de los filtros UV sobre los corales y otras especies marinas. Una revisión
title_fullStr	Incidencia de los filtros UV sobre los corales y otras especies marinas. Una revisión
title_full_unstemmed	Incidencia de los filtros UV sobre los corales y otras especies marinas. Una revisión
title_sort	Incidencia de los filtros UV sobre los corales y otras especies marinas. Una revisión
dc.creator.fl_str_mv	Galvis Galindo, Ivonne Viviana
dc.contributor.author.none.fl_str_mv	Galvis Galindo, Ivonne Viviana
dc.subject.proposal.spa.fl_str_mv	filtros UV Blanqueamiento coralino Bioacumulación Oxibenzona Octocrileno Corales
topic	filtros UV Blanqueamiento coralino Bioacumulación Oxibenzona Octocrileno Corales UV filters Coral bleaching Bioaccumulation Oxybenzone Octocrylene Corals
dc.subject.proposal.eng.fl_str_mv	UV filters Coral bleaching Bioaccumulation Oxybenzone Octocrylene Corals
description	En los últimos años, el impacto ambiental de la contaminación por filtros UV en ambientes marinos, ha sido centro de investigación. En el presente texto se realizó una revisión sistemática de la información publicada desde 2008 a 2024. El análisis evidenció que la oxibenzona (BP-3), octocrileno (OC), octinoxato (metoxicinamato de etilhexilo - EHMC) y el butil metoxidibenzoil metano o avobenzona (BMDBM), son las sustancias más predominantes en el medio marino debido a su extensa utilización y características químicas. Así mismo, diversos autores identificaron los filtros UV BP-3 y OC con toxicidad aguda, en diversos organismos marinos, afectando desde el crecimiento de algas hasta provocar daños en el ADN y blanqueamiento en corales. Estudios recientes han demostrado que estos compuestos no se eliminan completamente en las Plantas de Tratamiento de Aguas Residuales (PTAR), lo cual permite que lleguen al mar indirectamente a través de ríos y lagos. Esto constituye una fuente continua de contaminación. Se señala también que, las observaciones han demostrado que los filtros UV orgánicos tienden a bioacumularse en varios animales acuáticos, como corales, algas, moluscos y equinodermos. Finalmente, esta revisión destaca la importancia de realizar investigaciones para abordar las lagunas de conocimiento sobre la presencia y efectos de la contaminación de los filtros UV, en ambientes marinos, enfatizando la necesidad de generar estrategias de mitigación para proteger estos ecosistemas en el país.
publishDate	2024
dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv	2024-12-06
dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv	2025-11-04T16:54:00Z
dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv	2025-11-04T16:54:00Z
dc.type.local.spa.fl_str_mv	Tesis/Trabajo de grado - Monografía - Especialización
dc.type.driver.none.fl_str_mv	info:eu-repo/semantics/bachelorThesis
dc.type.coar.none.fl_str_mv	http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_7a1f
format	http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_7a1f
dc.identifier.uri.none.fl_str_mv	https://hdl.handle.net/10654/47540
dc.identifier.instname.spa.fl_str_mv	instname:Universidad Militar Nueva Granada
dc.identifier.reponame.spa.fl_str_mv	reponame:Repositorio Institucional Universidad Militar Nueva Granada
dc.identifier.repourl.none.fl_str_mv	repourl:https://repository.umng.edu.co
url	https://hdl.handle.net/10654/47540
identifier_str_mv	instname:Universidad Militar Nueva Granada reponame:Repositorio Institucional Universidad Militar Nueva Granada repourl:https://repository.umng.edu.co
dc.language.iso.none.fl_str_mv	spa
language	spa
dc.relation.references.none.fl_str_mv	Agawin, N. S., García-Márquez, M. G., Espada, D. R., Freemantle, L., Herrera, M. G. P. & Tovar-Sánchez, A. (2024). Distribution and accumulation of UV filters (UVFs) and conservation status of Posidonia oceanica seagrass meadows in a prominent Mediterranean coastal tourist hub. Science of the Total Environment, 948, 174784. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.113417 Agencia de Protección Ambiental de los Estados Unidos. (2024). Glosario Ambiental Bilingüe. Términos C. https://espanol.epa.gov/espanol/terminos-c Amankwah, B. K., Šauer, P., Grabicová, K., von der Ohe, P. C., Ayıkol, N. S. & Kroupová, H. K. (2024). Organic UV filters: Occurrence, risks and (anti-) progestogenic activities in samples from the Czech aquatic environment and their bioaccumulation in fish. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 471, 134338. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134338 Balmer, M. E., Buser, H. R., Müller, M. D. & Poiger, T. (2005). Occurrence of some organic UV filters in wastewater, in surface waters, and in fish from Swiss lakes. Environmental Science & Technology, 39(4), 953-962. https://doi.org/10.1021/es040055r. Bernstein, E. F., Sarkas, H. W., Boland, P. & Bouche, D. (2020). Beyond sun protection factor: An approach to environmental protection with novel mineral coatings in a vehicle containing a blend of skincare ingredients. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 19(2), 407-415. DOI: 10.1111/jocd.13007 Bourne, D. G., Morrow, K. M. & Webster, N. S. (2016). Insights into the coral microbiome: underpinning the health and resilience of reef ecosystems. Annu. Rev. Microbiol. 70, 317–340. doi: 10.1146/annurev-micro-102215-095440 Bruhns, T., Barba, C. S. G., König, L., Timm, S., Fisch, K. & Sokolova, I. M. (2024). Combined effects of organic and mineral UV-filters on the lugworm Arenicola marina. Chemosphere, 358, 142184. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142184 Cadena-Aizaga, M. I., Montesdeoca-Esponda, S., Sosa-Ferrera, Z., & Santana-Rodríguez, J. J. (2022a). Occurrence and environmental hazard of organic UV filters in seawater and wastewater from Gran Canaria Island (Canary Islands, Spain). Environmental Pollution, 300, 118843. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.microc.2022.107807 Cadena-Aizaga, M. I., Montesdeoca-Esponda, S., Sosa-Ferrera, Z., & Santana-Rodríguez, J. J. (2022b). Occurrence and bioconcentration of organic UV filters in primary marine consumers. Microchemical Journal, 181, 107807. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.microc.2022.107807 Chaparro-Reyes, D., Rodríguez, S. y De la hoz Stevenson, J. L. (2023). Seguridad humana y ambiental de los protectores solares: primum non nocere. Piel, 38(4), 262-269. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.piel.2022.07.004 Chatzigianni, M., Pavlou, P., Siamidi, A., Vlachou, M., Varvaresou, A. & Papageorgiou, S. (2022). Environmental impacts due to the use of sunscreen products: a mini-review. Ecotoxicology. 31:1331–1345. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10646-022-02592-w Conway, A. J., Gonsior, M., Clark, C., Heyes, A. & Mitchelmore, C. L. (2021). Acute toxicity of the UV filter oxybenzone to the coral Galaxea fascicularis. Science of the Total Environment, 796, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148666 Corinaldesi, C., Marcellini, F., Nepote, E., Damiani, E., & Danovaro, R. (2018). Impact of inorganic UV filters contained in sunscreen products on tropical stony corals (Acropora spp.). Science of The Total Environment, 637, 1279-1285. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.05.108 Couselo-Rodríguez, C., González-Esteban, P. C., Montes, M. D. & Flórez, Á. (2022). Environmental Impact of UV Filters. Actas dermo-sifiliograficas, 113(8), T792-T803. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ad.2022.07.012 Cuccaro, A., Freitas, R., De Marchi, L., Oliva, M. & Pretti, C. (2022). UV-filters in marine environments: a review of research trends, meta-analysis, and ecotoxicological impacts of 4-methylbenzylidene-camphor and benzophenone-3 on marine invertebrate communities. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 29(43), 64370-64391. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-21913-4 Cuccaro, A., Freitas, R., De Marchi, L., Monni, G., Meucci, V., Oliva, M., Fumagalli G., y Pretti, C. (2023). Multi-biomarker approach for the (eco) toxicity of UV-filter environmental pollution on the Mediterranean mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis in a multiple stressor context. The case of 4-MBC under salinity shifts. Environmental Pollution, 336, 122490. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122490 Cunningham, B., Torres-Duarte, C., Cherr, G. & Adams, N. (2020). Effects of three zinc-containing sunscreens on development of purple sea urchin (Strongylocentrotus purpuratus) embryos. Aquatic Toxicology, 218, 105355. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquatox.2019.105355 Danovaro, R., Bongiorni, L., Corinaldesi, C., Giovannelli, D., Damiani, E., Astolfi, P., Greci, L. & Pusceddu, A. (2008). Sunscreens cause coral bleaching by promoting viral infections. Environmental health perspectives, 116 (4), 441-447. doi:10.1289/ehp.10966 de Almeida, A. C. O., dos Santos, L. F., Vicentini, D. S., Matias, W. G., & Melegari, S. P. (2021). Evaluation of toxicity of zinc oxide nanorods on green microalgae of freshwater and marine ecosystems. Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, 3, 85-90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enceco.2021.01.003 Dong, F., Zheng, M., Wang, H., Jing, C., He, J., Liu, S., Zhang W. & Hu, F. (2022). Comparative transcriptome analysis reveals immunotoxicology induced by three organic UV filters in Manila clam (Ruditapes philippinarum). Marine Pollution Bulletin, 185, 114313. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.114313 Dawood, A., Drage, D. S., Harrad, S., & Abdallah, M. A. E. (2024). Concentrations, partitioning and ecological risk of pharmaceuticals and personal care products in UK freshwater sediment. Environmental Pollution and Management, 1, 87-98. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epm.2024.08.006 Downs, C. A., Kramarsky-Winter E., Fauth J. E., Segal R., Bronstein O., Jeger R., Lichtenfeld Y., Woodley C. M., Pennington P., Kushmaro A. & Loya Y. (2014). Toxicological effects of the sunscreen UV filter, benzophenone-2, on planulae and in vitro cells of the coral, Stylophora pistillata. Ecotoxicology. 23:175–191. doi:10.1007/s10646-013-1161-y Downs, C. A., Kramarsky-Winter, E., Segal, R., Fauth, J., Knutson, S., Bronstein, O., Ciner, F. R., Jeger, R., Lichtenfeld, Y., Woodley, C. M., Pennington, P., Cadenas, K., Kushmaro, A. & Loya, Y. (2016). Toxicopathological Effects of the Sunscreen UV Filter, Oxybenzone (Benzophenone-3), on Coral Planulae and Cultured Primary Cells and Its Environmental Contamination in Hawaii and the U.S. Virgin Islands. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol. 70:265–288. DOI 10.1007/s00244-015-0227-7 Downs, C. A., Diaz-Cruz, M. S., White, W. T., Rice, M., Jim, L., Punihaole, C., Dant, M., Gautam, K., Woodley, C. M., Walsh, K. O., Perry, J., Downs, E. M., Bishop, L., Garg, A., King, K., Paltin, T., McKinley, E. B., Beers, A. I., Anbumani, S., y Bagshaw, J. (2022). Beach showers as sources of contamination for sunscreen pollution in marine protected areas and areas of intensive beach tourism in Hawaii, USA. Journal of hazardous materials, 438, 129546. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129546 Freitas, L. L. & Espósito, B. P. (2023). Toxicity of zinc oxide to scleractinian corals and zooxanthellae: a brief review. Química Nova, 46 (3), 266-272. http://dx.doi.org/10.21577/0100-4042.20230003 Gago-Ferrero, P., Díaz-Cruz, M. S. & Barceló D. (2012). An overview of UV-absorbing compounds (organic UV filters) in aquatic biota. Anal Bioanal Chem. 404:2597–2610. DOI 10.1007/s00216-012-6067-7 Galamgam, J., Linou, N. & Linos, E. (2018). Sunscreens, cancer, and protecting our planet. The Lancet Planetary Health, 2(11), e465-e466. Ge, Y., Zhang, H., Fu, J., Guo, Z., Dong, Q., Yu, J., Mo, Z., Lai, Y., Yang, J. & Lu, S. (2024). Parabens, bisphenols, and triclosan in coral polyps, algae, and sediments from sanya, China: Occurrence, profiles, and environmental implications. Environmental Pollution 361. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124839 Giraldo, A., Montes R., Rodil R., Quintana J.B., Vidal-Lin L. & Beiras R. (2017). Ecotoxicological Evaluation of the UV Filters Ethylhexyl Dimethyl p-Aminobenzoic Acid and Octocrylene Using Marine Organisms Isochrysis galbana, Mytilus galloprovincialis and Paracentrotus lividus. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol, 72:606–611. DOI 10.1007/s00244-017-0399-4 He, T., Tsui, M. M. P., Tan, C. J., Ng, K. Y., Guo, F. W., Wang, L. H., Chen, T. H., Fan T. Y., Lam P. K. S., & Murphy, M. B. (2019). Comparative toxicities of four benzophenone ultraviolet filters to two life stages of two coral species. Science of the Total Environment, 651, 2391-2399. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.10.148 He,He, T., Tsui, M. M. P., Tan, C. J., Ma, C. Y., Yiu, S. K. F., Wang, L. H., Chen, T. H., Fan T. Y., Lam, P- K. S. & Murphy, M. B. (2019). Toxicological effects of two organic ultraviolet filters and a related commercial sunscreen product in adult corals. Environmental Pollution, 245, 462-471. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2018.11.029 Ishibashi, H., Nishimura, S., Tanaka, K., Haruta, S., Takayama, K., Yamashiro, H., & Takeuchi, I. (2024). Transcriptome analysis reveals limited toxic effects of the UV-filter benzophenone-3 (BP-3) on the hermatypic coral Acropora tenuis and its symbiotic dinoflagellates. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 201, 116260. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2024.116260 Kasprzyk-Hordern, B., Dinsdale, R. M., & Guwy, A. J. (2009). The removal of pharmaceuticals, personal care products, endocrine disruptors and illicit drugs during wastewater treatment and its impact on the quality of receiving waters. Water research, 43(2), 363-380. doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2008.10.047 Kim, S. & Choi, K. (2014). Occurrences, toxicities, and ecological risks of benzophenone-3, a common component of organic sunscreen products: a mini-review. Environment international, 70, 143-157. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2014.05.015 Ko, F. C., Chang, C. W., & Cheng, J. O. (2014). Comparative study of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in coral tissues and the ambient sediments from Kenting National Park, Taiwan. Environmental Pollution, 185, 35-43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2013.10.025 Krediet, C.J., Ritchie, K.B., Paul, V.J. & Teplitski, M. (2013). Coral-associated microorganisms and their roles in promoting coral health and thwarting diseases. P Roy Soc B: Biol. Sci. 280, 20122328. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2012.2328 Krzeminski, P., Schwermer, C., Wennberg, A., Langford, K., & Vogelsang, C. (2017). Occurrence of UV filters, fragrances and organophosphate flame retardants in municipal WWTP effluents and their removal during membrane post-treatment. Journal of Hazardous materials, 323, 166-176. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.08.001 Labille, J., Slomberg, D., Catalano, R., Robert, S., Apers-Tremelo, M. L., Boudenne, J. L., Manasfi, T. & Radakovitch, O. (2020). Assessing UV filter inputs into beach waters during recreational activity: A field study of three French Mediterranean beaches from consumer survey to water analysis. Science of the Total Environment, 706. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.136010 Letelier, L. M. y Moore, P. (2003). La medicina basada en evidencia: Visión después de una década. Revista médica de Chile, 131(8), 939-946. Letelier, L. M., Manríquez, J. J. y Rada, G. (2005). Revisiones sistemáticas y metaanálisis: ¿son la mejor evidencia?. Revista médica de Chile, 133(2), 246-249. Ma, Y. & Yoo, J. (2021). History of sunscreen: An updated view. Journal of cosmetic dermatology, 20(4), 1044-1049. https://doi.org/10.1111/jocd.14004 Magrin, C. P., Saldaña-Serrano, M., Bainy, A. C. D., Vitali, L., & Micke, G. A. (2024). Analysis of the UV filter Benzophenone-3 assimilation in Crossostrea gigas oysters post-exposure in a controlled environment by LC-MS/MS. Chemosphere, 363, 142725. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142725 Manterola, C., Astudillo, P., Arias, E. y Claros, N. (2013). Revisiones sistemáticas de la literatura. Qué se debe saber acerca de ellas. Cirugía Española, 91(3), 149-155. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ciresp.2011.07.009 Mitchelmore, C. L., He, K., Gonsior, M., Hain, E., Heyes, A., Clark, C., Younger, R., Schmitt-Kopplin, P., Feerick, A., Conway, A. & Blaney, L. (2019). Occurrence and distribution of UV-filters and other anthropogenic contaminants in coastal surface water, sediment, and coral tissue from Hawaii. Science of the Total Environment, 670, 398-410. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.03.034 Ministerio de Ambiente y Desarrollo Sostenible. (s.f.). Asuntos Marinos, Costeros y Recursos Acuáticos. https://normas-apa.org/referencias/citar-pagina-web/. Moberg, F. & Folke, C. (1999). Ecological goods and services of coral reef ecosystems. Ecol. Econ. 29. Moreno, B., Muñoz, M., Cuellar, J., Domancic, S. y Villanueva, J. (2018). Revisiones Sistemáticas: definición y nociones básicas. Revista clínica de periodoncia, implantología y rehabilitación oral, 11(3), 184-186. DOI: 10.4067/S0719-01072018000300184 Negreira, N., Rodríguez, I., Ramil, M., Rubí, E., & Cela, R. (2009a). Sensitive determination of salicylate and benzophenone type UV filters in water samples using solid-phase microextraction, derivatization and gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Analytica chimica acta, 638(1), 36-44. doi:10.1016/j.aca.2009.02.015 Negreira, N., Rodríguez, I., Ramil, M., Rubí, E., & Cela, R. (2009b). Solid-phase extraction followed by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry for the determination of hydroxylated benzophenone UV absorbers in environmental water samples. Analytica chimica acta, 654(2), 162-170. doi:10.1016/j.aca.2009.09.033 Nishioka, S., Miyata, K., Inoue, Y., Aoyama, K., Yoshioka, Y., Miura, N., Yamane, M., Honda, H. & Takagi, T. Deciphering mechanisms of UV filter (benzophenone-3)- and high temperature-induced adverse effects in the coral Acropora tenuis, using ecotoxicogenomics. Science of the Total Environment (2024). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.176018 Prichard, E. & Granek E. (2016). Effects of pharmaceuticals and personal care products on marine organisms: from single-species studies to an ecosystem-based approach. Environ Sci Pollut Res. 23:22365–22384. DOI 10.1007/s11356-016-7282-0 Ramos, S., Homem, V., Alves, A., & Santos, L. (2015). Advances in analytical methods and occurrence of organic UV-filters in the environment—a review. Science of the total Environment, 526, 278-311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.04.055 Ramos, S., Homem, V., Alves, A., & Santos, L. (2016). A review of organic UV-filters in wastewater treatment plants. Environment international, 86, 24-44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2015.10.004 Rodríguez, A. S., Sanz, M. R., & Rodríguez, J. B. (2015). Occurrence of eight UV filters in beaches of Gran Canaria (Canary Islands). An approach to environmental risk assessment. Chemosphere, 131, 85-90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.02.054 Sarobé, M. J. (2020). Filtros solares: el lado menos amigable. Piel, 35 (10), 613-615. Wang, W., Lee, I. S. & Oh, J. E. (2022). Specific-accumulation and trophic transfer of UV filters and stabilizers in marine food web. Science of the Total Environment, 825, 154079. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154079 Wick, A., Fink, G., & Ternes, T. A. (2010). Comparison of electrospray ionization and atmospheric pressure chemical ionization for multi-residue analysis of biocides, UV-filters and benzothiazoles in aqueous matrices and activated sludge by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Journal of Chromatography A, 1217(14), 2088-2103. doi:10.1016/j.chroma.2010.01.079 Wu, M. H., Li, J., Xu, G., Ma, L. D., Li, J. J., Li, J. S., & Tang, L. (2018). Pollution patterns and underlying relationships of benzophenone-type UV-filters in wastewater treatment plants and their receiving surface water. Ecotoxicology and environmental safety, 152, 98-103. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.01.036 Xiang, N., Jiang C., Huang W., Nordhaus I., Zhou H., Drews M. & Diao X. (2019). The impact of acute benzo(a) pyrene on antioxidant enzyme and stress-related genes in tropical stony corals (Acropora spp.). Science of the Total Environment 694, 133474. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.07.280
dc.rights.uri.*.fl_str_mv	http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
dc.rights.accessrights.none.fl_str_mv	info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.rights.creativecommons.*.fl_str_mv	Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
dc.rights.local.spa.fl_str_mv	Acceso abierto
dc.rights.coar.none.fl_str_mv	http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
rights_invalid_str_mv	http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International Acceso abierto http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
eu_rights_str_mv	openAccess
dc.format.mimetype.spa.fl_str_mv	applicaction/pdf
dc.coverage.sede.spa.fl_str_mv	Calle 100
dc.publisher.program.spa.fl_str_mv	Especialización en Gestión Integral Ambiental
dc.publisher.faculty.spa.fl_str_mv	Facultad de Ingeniería
dc.publisher.grantor.spa.fl_str_mv	Universidad Militar Nueva Granada
institution	Universidad Militar Nueva Granada
bitstream.url.fl_str_mv	https://repository.umng.edu.co/bitstreams/326e147e-d8d6-4b93-80d6-22e1c6a1ef28/download https://repository.umng.edu.co/bitstreams/2f796e5a-6a6b-4a1b-ae7d-a7d00dc3f807/download https://repository.umng.edu.co/bitstreams/64606de7-90cc-4454-8ff7-7592c237db0f/download
bitstream.checksum.fl_str_mv	f3c874b7238d2c8863436fe7bbaaa3bf 81e3acf9df1aa1fe959862fa43bb5e45 2ff5d9bf674a64d1609cf6cafbbd20db
bitstream.checksumAlgorithm.fl_str_mv	MD5 MD5 MD5
repository.name.fl_str_mv	Repositorio Institucional UMNG
repository.mail.fl_str_mv	bibliodigital@unimilitar.edu.co
_version_	1851052717423722496
spelling	Galvis Galindo, Ivonne VivianaEspecialista en Gestión Integral Ambiental2025-11-04T16:54:00Z2025-11-04T16:54:00Z2024-12-06https://hdl.handle.net/10654/47540instname:Universidad Militar Nueva Granadareponame:Repositorio Institucional Universidad Militar Nueva Granadarepourl:https://repository.umng.edu.coEn los últimos años, el impacto ambiental de la contaminación por filtros UV en ambientes marinos, ha sido centro de investigación. En el presente texto se realizó una revisión sistemática de la información publicada desde 2008 a 2024. El análisis evidenció que la oxibenzona (BP-3), octocrileno (OC), octinoxato (metoxicinamato de etilhexilo - EHMC) y el butil metoxidibenzoil metano o avobenzona (BMDBM), son las sustancias más predominantes en el medio marino debido a su extensa utilización y características químicas. Así mismo, diversos autores identificaron los filtros UV BP-3 y OC con toxicidad aguda, en diversos organismos marinos, afectando desde el crecimiento de algas hasta provocar daños en el ADN y blanqueamiento en corales. Estudios recientes han demostrado que estos compuestos no se eliminan completamente en las Plantas de Tratamiento de Aguas Residuales (PTAR), lo cual permite que lleguen al mar indirectamente a través de ríos y lagos. Esto constituye una fuente continua de contaminación. Se señala también que, las observaciones han demostrado que los filtros UV orgánicos tienden a bioacumularse en varios animales acuáticos, como corales, algas, moluscos y equinodermos. Finalmente, esta revisión destaca la importancia de realizar investigaciones para abordar las lagunas de conocimiento sobre la presencia y efectos de la contaminación de los filtros UV, en ambientes marinos, enfatizando la necesidad de generar estrategias de mitigación para proteger estos ecosistemas en el país.In recent years, the environmental impact of pollution from UV filters in marine environments has been the focus of research. In this text, a systematic review of the information published from 2008 to 2024 was carried out. The analysis showed that oxybenzone (BP-3), octocrylene (OC), octinoxate (ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate - EHMC) and butyl methoxydibenzoyl methane or avobenzone (BMDBM), are the most predominant substances in the marine environment due to their extensive use and chemical characteristics. Likewise, several authors identified the BP-3 and OC UV filters with acute toxicity in various marine organisms, affecting from algae growth to cause DNA damage and bleaching in corals. Recent studies have shown that these compounds are not completely eliminated in Wastewater Treatment Plants (WWTP), which allows them to reach the sea indirectly through rivers and lakes. This constitutes a continuous source of contamination. It is also noted that observations have shown that organic UV filters tend to bioaccumulate in various aquatic animals, such as corals, algae, mollusks and echinoderms. Finally, this review highlights the importance of conducting research to address knowledge gaps on the presence and effects of UV filter contamination in marine environments, emphasizing the need to generate mitigation strategies to protect these ecosystems in the country.Especializaciónapplicaction/pdfspahttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessAttribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 InternationalAcceso abiertohttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2Incidencia de los filtros UV sobre los corales y otras especies marinas. Una revisiónImpact of UV filters on corals and other marine species. A reviewTesis/Trabajo de grado - Monografía - Especializacióninfo:eu-repo/semantics/bachelorThesishttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_7a1fEspecialización en Gestión Integral AmbientalFacultad de IngenieríaUniversidad Militar Nueva GranadaAgawin, N. S., García-Márquez, M. G., Espada, D. R., Freemantle, L., Herrera, M. G. P. & Tovar-Sánchez, A. (2024). Distribution and accumulation of UV filters (UVFs) and conservation status of Posidonia oceanica seagrass meadows in a prominent Mediterranean coastal tourist hub. Science of the Total Environment, 948, 174784. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.113417Agencia de Protección Ambiental de los Estados Unidos. (2024). Glosario Ambiental Bilingüe. Términos C. https://espanol.epa.gov/espanol/terminos-cAmankwah, B. K., Šauer, P., Grabicová, K., von der Ohe, P. C., Ayıkol, N. S. & Kroupová, H. K. (2024). Organic UV filters: Occurrence, risks and (anti-) progestogenic activities in samples from the Czech aquatic environment and their bioaccumulation in fish. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 471, 134338. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134338Balmer, M. E., Buser, H. R., Müller, M. D. & Poiger, T. (2005). Occurrence of some organic UV filters in wastewater, in surface waters, and in fish from Swiss lakes. Environmental Science & Technology, 39(4), 953-962. https://doi.org/10.1021/es040055r.Bernstein, E. F., Sarkas, H. W., Boland, P. & Bouche, D. (2020). Beyond sun protection factor: An approach to environmental protection with novel mineral coatings in a vehicle containing a blend of skincare ingredients. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 19(2), 407-415. DOI: 10.1111/jocd.13007Bourne, D. G., Morrow, K. M. & Webster, N. S. (2016). Insights into the coral microbiome: underpinning the health and resilience of reef ecosystems. Annu. Rev. Microbiol. 70, 317–340. doi: 10.1146/annurev-micro-102215-095440Bruhns, T., Barba, C. S. G., König, L., Timm, S., Fisch, K. & Sokolova, I. M. (2024). Combined effects of organic and mineral UV-filters on the lugworm Arenicola marina. Chemosphere, 358, 142184. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142184Cadena-Aizaga, M. I., Montesdeoca-Esponda, S., Sosa-Ferrera, Z., & Santana-Rodríguez, J. J. (2022a). Occurrence and environmental hazard of organic UV filters in seawater and wastewater from Gran Canaria Island (Canary Islands, Spain). Environmental Pollution, 300, 118843. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.microc.2022.107807Cadena-Aizaga, M. I., Montesdeoca-Esponda, S., Sosa-Ferrera, Z., & Santana-Rodríguez, J. J. (2022b). Occurrence and bioconcentration of organic UV filters in primary marine consumers. Microchemical Journal, 181, 107807. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.microc.2022.107807Chaparro-Reyes, D., Rodríguez, S. y De la hoz Stevenson, J. L. (2023). Seguridad humana y ambiental de los protectores solares: primum non nocere. Piel, 38(4), 262-269. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.piel.2022.07.004Chatzigianni, M., Pavlou, P., Siamidi, A., Vlachou, M., Varvaresou, A. & Papageorgiou, S. (2022). Environmental impacts due to the use of sunscreen products: a mini-review. Ecotoxicology. 31:1331–1345. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10646-022-02592-wConway, A. J., Gonsior, M., Clark, C., Heyes, A. & Mitchelmore, C. L. (2021). Acute toxicity of the UV filter oxybenzone to the coral Galaxea fascicularis. Science of the Total Environment, 796, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148666Corinaldesi, C., Marcellini, F., Nepote, E., Damiani, E., & Danovaro, R. (2018). Impact of inorganic UV filters contained in sunscreen products on tropical stony corals (Acropora spp.). Science of The Total Environment, 637, 1279-1285. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.05.108Couselo-Rodríguez, C., González-Esteban, P. C., Montes, M. D. & Flórez, Á. (2022). Environmental Impact of UV Filters. Actas dermo-sifiliograficas, 113(8), T792-T803. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ad.2022.07.012Cuccaro, A., Freitas, R., De Marchi, L., Oliva, M. & Pretti, C. (2022). UV-filters in marine environments: a review of research trends, meta-analysis, and ecotoxicological impacts of 4-methylbenzylidene-camphor and benzophenone-3 on marine invertebrate communities. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 29(43), 64370-64391. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-21913-4Cuccaro, A., Freitas, R., De Marchi, L., Monni, G., Meucci, V., Oliva, M., Fumagalli G., y Pretti, C. (2023). Multi-biomarker approach for the (eco) toxicity of UV-filter environmental pollution on the Mediterranean mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis in a multiple stressor context. The case of 4-MBC under salinity shifts. Environmental Pollution, 336, 122490. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122490Cunningham, B., Torres-Duarte, C., Cherr, G. & Adams, N. (2020). Effects of three zinc-containing sunscreens on development of purple sea urchin (Strongylocentrotus purpuratus) embryos. Aquatic Toxicology, 218, 105355. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquatox.2019.105355Danovaro, R., Bongiorni, L., Corinaldesi, C., Giovannelli, D., Damiani, E., Astolfi, P., Greci, L. & Pusceddu, A. (2008). Sunscreens cause coral bleaching by promoting viral infections. Environmental health perspectives, 116 (4), 441-447. doi:10.1289/ehp.10966de Almeida, A. C. O., dos Santos, L. F., Vicentini, D. S., Matias, W. G., & Melegari, S. P. (2021). Evaluation of toxicity of zinc oxide nanorods on green microalgae of freshwater and marine ecosystems. Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, 3, 85-90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enceco.2021.01.003Dong, F., Zheng, M., Wang, H., Jing, C., He, J., Liu, S., Zhang W. & Hu, F. (2022). Comparative transcriptome analysis reveals immunotoxicology induced by three organic UV filters in Manila clam (Ruditapes philippinarum). Marine Pollution Bulletin, 185, 114313. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.114313Dawood, A., Drage, D. S., Harrad, S., & Abdallah, M. A. E. (2024). Concentrations, partitioning and ecological risk of pharmaceuticals and personal care products in UK freshwater sediment. Environmental Pollution and Management, 1, 87-98. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epm.2024.08.006Downs, C. A., Kramarsky-Winter E., Fauth J. E., Segal R., Bronstein O., Jeger R., Lichtenfeld Y., Woodley C. M., Pennington P., Kushmaro A. & Loya Y. (2014). Toxicological effects of the sunscreen UV filter, benzophenone-2, on planulae and in vitro cells of the coral, Stylophora pistillata. Ecotoxicology. 23:175–191. doi:10.1007/s10646-013-1161-yDowns, C. A., Kramarsky-Winter, E., Segal, R., Fauth, J., Knutson, S., Bronstein, O., Ciner, F. R., Jeger, R., Lichtenfeld, Y., Woodley, C. M., Pennington, P., Cadenas, K., Kushmaro, A. & Loya, Y. (2016). Toxicopathological Effects of the Sunscreen UV Filter, Oxybenzone (Benzophenone-3), on Coral Planulae and Cultured Primary Cells and Its Environmental Contamination in Hawaii and the U.S. Virgin Islands. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol. 70:265–288. DOI 10.1007/s00244-015-0227-7Downs, C. A., Diaz-Cruz, M. S., White, W. T., Rice, M., Jim, L., Punihaole, C., Dant, M., Gautam, K., Woodley, C. M., Walsh, K. O., Perry, J., Downs, E. M., Bishop, L., Garg, A., King, K., Paltin, T., McKinley, E. B., Beers, A. I., Anbumani, S., y Bagshaw, J. (2022). Beach showers as sources of contamination for sunscreen pollution in marine protected areas and areas of intensive beach tourism in Hawaii, USA. Journal of hazardous materials, 438, 129546. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129546Freitas, L. L. & Espósito, B. P. (2023). Toxicity of zinc oxide to scleractinian corals and zooxanthellae: a brief review. Química Nova, 46 (3), 266-272. http://dx.doi.org/10.21577/0100-4042.20230003Gago-Ferrero, P., Díaz-Cruz, M. S. & Barceló D. (2012). An overview of UV-absorbing compounds (organic UV filters) in aquatic biota. Anal Bioanal Chem. 404:2597–2610. DOI 10.1007/s00216-012-6067-7Galamgam, J., Linou, N. & Linos, E. (2018). Sunscreens, cancer, and protecting our planet. The Lancet Planetary Health, 2(11), e465-e466.Ge, Y., Zhang, H., Fu, J., Guo, Z., Dong, Q., Yu, J., Mo, Z., Lai, Y., Yang, J. & Lu, S. (2024). Parabens, bisphenols, and triclosan in coral polyps, algae, and sediments from sanya, China: Occurrence, profiles, and environmental implications. Environmental Pollution 361. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124839Giraldo, A., Montes R., Rodil R., Quintana J.B., Vidal-Lin L. & Beiras R. (2017). Ecotoxicological Evaluation of the UV Filters Ethylhexyl Dimethyl p-Aminobenzoic Acid and Octocrylene Using Marine Organisms Isochrysis galbana, Mytilus galloprovincialis and Paracentrotus lividus. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol, 72:606–611. DOI 10.1007/s00244-017-0399-4He, T., Tsui, M. M. P., Tan, C. J., Ng, K. Y., Guo, F. W., Wang, L. H., Chen, T. H., Fan T. Y., Lam P. K. S., & Murphy, M. B. (2019). Comparative toxicities of four benzophenone ultraviolet filters to two life stages of two coral species. Science of the Total Environment, 651, 2391-2399. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.10.148He,He, T., Tsui, M. M. P., Tan, C. J., Ma, C. Y., Yiu, S. K. F., Wang, L. H., Chen, T. H., Fan T. Y., Lam, P- K. S. & Murphy, M. B. (2019). Toxicological effects of two organic ultraviolet filters and a related commercial sunscreen product in adult corals. Environmental Pollution, 245, 462-471. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2018.11.029Ishibashi, H., Nishimura, S., Tanaka, K., Haruta, S., Takayama, K., Yamashiro, H., & Takeuchi, I. (2024). Transcriptome analysis reveals limited toxic effects of the UV-filter benzophenone-3 (BP-3) on the hermatypic coral Acropora tenuis and its symbiotic dinoflagellates. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 201, 116260. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2024.116260Kasprzyk-Hordern, B., Dinsdale, R. M., & Guwy, A. J. (2009). The removal of pharmaceuticals, personal care products, endocrine disruptors and illicit drugs during wastewater treatment and its impact on the quality of receiving waters. Water research, 43(2), 363-380. doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2008.10.047Kim, S. & Choi, K. (2014). Occurrences, toxicities, and ecological risks of benzophenone-3, a common component of organic sunscreen products: a mini-review. Environment international, 70, 143-157. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2014.05.015Ko, F. C., Chang, C. W., & Cheng, J. O. (2014). Comparative study of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in coral tissues and the ambient sediments from Kenting National Park, Taiwan. Environmental Pollution, 185, 35-43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2013.10.025Krediet, C.J., Ritchie, K.B., Paul, V.J. & Teplitski, M. (2013). Coral-associated microorganisms and their roles in promoting coral health and thwarting diseases. P Roy Soc B: Biol. Sci. 280, 20122328. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2012.2328Krzeminski, P., Schwermer, C., Wennberg, A., Langford, K., & Vogelsang, C. (2017). Occurrence of UV filters, fragrances and organophosphate flame retardants in municipal WWTP effluents and their removal during membrane post-treatment. Journal of Hazardous materials, 323, 166-176. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.08.001Labille, J., Slomberg, D., Catalano, R., Robert, S., Apers-Tremelo, M. L., Boudenne, J. L., Manasfi, T. & Radakovitch, O. (2020). Assessing UV filter inputs into beach waters during recreational activity: A field study of three French Mediterranean beaches from consumer survey to water analysis. Science of the Total Environment, 706. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.136010Letelier, L. M. y Moore, P. (2003). La medicina basada en evidencia: Visión después de una década. Revista médica de Chile, 131(8), 939-946.Letelier, L. M., Manríquez, J. J. y Rada, G. (2005). Revisiones sistemáticas y metaanálisis: ¿son la mejor evidencia?. Revista médica de Chile, 133(2), 246-249.Ma, Y. & Yoo, J. (2021). History of sunscreen: An updated view. Journal of cosmetic dermatology, 20(4), 1044-1049. https://doi.org/10.1111/jocd.14004Magrin, C. P., Saldaña-Serrano, M., Bainy, A. C. D., Vitali, L., & Micke, G. A. (2024). Analysis of the UV filter Benzophenone-3 assimilation in Crossostrea gigas oysters post-exposure in a controlled environment by LC-MS/MS. Chemosphere, 363, 142725. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142725Manterola, C., Astudillo, P., Arias, E. y Claros, N. (2013). Revisiones sistemáticas de la literatura. Qué se debe saber acerca de ellas. Cirugía Española, 91(3), 149-155. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ciresp.2011.07.009Mitchelmore, C. L., He, K., Gonsior, M., Hain, E., Heyes, A., Clark, C., Younger, R., Schmitt-Kopplin, P., Feerick, A., Conway, A. & Blaney, L. (2019). Occurrence and distribution of UV-filters and other anthropogenic contaminants in coastal surface water, sediment, and coral tissue from Hawaii. Science of the Total Environment, 670, 398-410. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.03.034Ministerio de Ambiente y Desarrollo Sostenible. (s.f.). Asuntos Marinos, Costeros y Recursos Acuáticos. https://normas-apa.org/referencias/citar-pagina-web/.Moberg, F. & Folke, C. (1999). Ecological goods and services of coral reef ecosystems. Ecol. Econ. 29.Moreno, B., Muñoz, M., Cuellar, J., Domancic, S. y Villanueva, J. (2018). Revisiones Sistemáticas: definición y nociones básicas. Revista clínica de periodoncia, implantología y rehabilitación oral, 11(3), 184-186. DOI: 10.4067/S0719-01072018000300184Negreira, N., Rodríguez, I., Ramil, M., Rubí, E., & Cela, R. (2009a). Sensitive determination of salicylate and benzophenone type UV filters in water samples using solid-phase microextraction, derivatization and gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Analytica chimica acta, 638(1), 36-44. doi:10.1016/j.aca.2009.02.015Negreira, N., Rodríguez, I., Ramil, M., Rubí, E., & Cela, R. (2009b). Solid-phase extraction followed by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry for the determination of hydroxylated benzophenone UV absorbers in environmental water samples. Analytica chimica acta, 654(2), 162-170. doi:10.1016/j.aca.2009.09.033Nishioka, S., Miyata, K., Inoue, Y., Aoyama, K., Yoshioka, Y., Miura, N., Yamane, M., Honda, H. & Takagi, T. Deciphering mechanisms of UV filter (benzophenone-3)- and high temperature-induced adverse effects in the coral Acropora tenuis, using ecotoxicogenomics. Science of the Total Environment (2024). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.176018Prichard, E. & Granek E. (2016). Effects of pharmaceuticals and personal care products on marine organisms: from single-species studies to an ecosystem-based approach. Environ Sci Pollut Res. 23:22365–22384. DOI 10.1007/s11356-016-7282-0Ramos, S., Homem, V., Alves, A., & Santos, L. (2015). Advances in analytical methods and occurrence of organic UV-filters in the environment—a review. Science of the total Environment, 526, 278-311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.04.055Ramos, S., Homem, V., Alves, A., & Santos, L. (2016). A review of organic UV-filters in wastewater treatment plants. Environment international, 86, 24-44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2015.10.004Rodríguez, A. S., Sanz, M. R., & Rodríguez, J. B. (2015). Occurrence of eight UV filters in beaches of Gran Canaria (Canary Islands). An approach to environmental risk assessment. Chemosphere, 131, 85-90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.02.054Sarobé, M. J. (2020). Filtros solares: el lado menos amigable. Piel, 35 (10), 613-615.Wang, W., Lee, I. S. & Oh, J. E. (2022). Specific-accumulation and trophic transfer of UV filters and stabilizers in marine food web. Science of the Total Environment, 825, 154079. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154079Wick, A., Fink, G., & Ternes, T. A. (2010). Comparison of electrospray ionization and atmospheric pressure chemical ionization for multi-residue analysis of biocides, UV-filters and benzothiazoles in aqueous matrices and activated sludge by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Journal of Chromatography A, 1217(14), 2088-2103. doi:10.1016/j.chroma.2010.01.079Wu, M. H., Li, J., Xu, G., Ma, L. D., Li, J. J., Li, J. S., & Tang, L. (2018). Pollution patterns and underlying relationships of benzophenone-type UV-filters in wastewater treatment plants and their receiving surface water. Ecotoxicology and environmental safety, 152, 98-103. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.01.036Xiang, N., Jiang C., Huang W., Nordhaus I., Zhou H., Drews M. & Diao X. (2019). The impact of acute benzo(a) pyrene on antioxidant enzyme and stress-related genes in tropical stony corals (Acropora spp.). Science of the Total Environment 694, 133474. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.07.280filtros UVBlanqueamiento coralinoBioacumulaciónOxibenzonaOctocrilenoCoralesUV filtersCoral bleachingBioaccumulationOxybenzoneOctocryleneCoralsCalle 100ORIGINALGalvisGalindoIvonneViviana2024.pdfGalvisGalindoIvonneViviana2024.pdfapplication/pdf228186https://repository.umng.edu.co/bitstreams/326e147e-d8d6-4b93-80d6-22e1c6a1ef28/downloadf3c874b7238d2c8863436fe7bbaaa3bfMD51LICENSElicense.txtlicense.txttext/plain; charset=utf-82987https://repository.umng.edu.co/bitstreams/2f796e5a-6a6b-4a1b-ae7d-a7d00dc3f807/download81e3acf9df1aa1fe959862fa43bb5e45MD52THUMBNAILGalvisGalindoIvonneViviana2024.pdf.jpgGalvisGalindoIvonneViviana2024.pdf.jpgIM Thumbnailimage/jpeg5327https://repository.umng.edu.co/bitstreams/64606de7-90cc-4454-8ff7-7592c237db0f/download2ff5d9bf674a64d1609cf6cafbbd20dbMD5310654/47540oai:repository.umng.edu.co:10654/475402025-11-05 03:00:47.347http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/open.accesshttps://repository.umng.edu.coRepositorio Institucional UMNGbibliodigital@unimilitar.edu.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

Incidencia de los filtros UV sobre los corales y otras especies marinas. Una revisión

Publicaciones similares