Cross-cultural measurement equivalence of the seven item general anxiety disorder scale (GAD-7) in college students of six countries of Latin American

To identify cross-cultural validity evidence for the Spanish version of the Generalised Anxiety Disorder Scale-7 (GAD-7) in a sample of university students from six Latin American countries. Method: This study employed a descriptive, psychometric, and cross-sectional design to examine the factorial...

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Autores:
Moreno-Montero, Esteban
Moreta-Herrera, Rodrigo
Rodas, Jose A.
Oriol-Granado, Xavier
Puerta-Cortés, Diana Ximena
Ferrufino-Borja, Daniela
Diaz, Renzo Gismondi
Rivera, Marlon Elías Lobos
Samaniego-Pinho, Antonio
Buenahora-Bernal, Marcelo
Rojas-Jara, Claudio
Vega-Arce, Maribel
Tipo de recurso:
Article of investigation
Fecha de publicación:
2025
Institución:
Universidad de Ibagué
Repositorio:
Repositorio Universidad de Ibagué
Idioma:
eng
OAI Identifier:
oai:repositorio.unibague.edu.co:20.500.12313/6057
Acceso en línea:
https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12313/6057
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0165032725005385
Palabra clave:
Trastorno de ansiedad generalizada (GAD-7)
América Latina - Trastorno de ansiedad generalizada (GAD-7)
América Latina - Estudiantes - Trastorno de ansiedad generalizada (GAD-7)
Anxiety
Classical test theory
Cross-cultural validation
Generalised anxiety disorder
Item response theory
Rights
openAccess
License
© 2025 Elsevier B.V.
id UNIBAGUE2_eb6a3e82c2143d59cf5247c357921e2b
oai_identifier_str oai:repositorio.unibague.edu.co:20.500.12313/6057
network_acronym_str UNIBAGUE2
network_name_str Repositorio Universidad de Ibagué
repository_id_str
dc.title.eng.fl_str_mv Cross-cultural measurement equivalence of the seven item general anxiety disorder scale (GAD-7) in college students of six countries of Latin American
title Cross-cultural measurement equivalence of the seven item general anxiety disorder scale (GAD-7) in college students of six countries of Latin American
spellingShingle Cross-cultural measurement equivalence of the seven item general anxiety disorder scale (GAD-7) in college students of six countries of Latin American
Trastorno de ansiedad generalizada (GAD-7)
América Latina - Trastorno de ansiedad generalizada (GAD-7)
América Latina - Estudiantes - Trastorno de ansiedad generalizada (GAD-7)
Anxiety
Classical test theory
Cross-cultural validation
Generalised anxiety disorder
Item response theory
title_short Cross-cultural measurement equivalence of the seven item general anxiety disorder scale (GAD-7) in college students of six countries of Latin American
title_full Cross-cultural measurement equivalence of the seven item general anxiety disorder scale (GAD-7) in college students of six countries of Latin American
title_fullStr Cross-cultural measurement equivalence of the seven item general anxiety disorder scale (GAD-7) in college students of six countries of Latin American
title_full_unstemmed Cross-cultural measurement equivalence of the seven item general anxiety disorder scale (GAD-7) in college students of six countries of Latin American
title_sort Cross-cultural measurement equivalence of the seven item general anxiety disorder scale (GAD-7) in college students of six countries of Latin American
dc.creator.fl_str_mv Moreno-Montero, Esteban
Moreta-Herrera, Rodrigo
Rodas, Jose A.
Oriol-Granado, Xavier
Puerta-Cortés, Diana Ximena
Ferrufino-Borja, Daniela
Diaz, Renzo Gismondi
Rivera, Marlon Elías Lobos
Samaniego-Pinho, Antonio
Buenahora-Bernal, Marcelo
Rojas-Jara, Claudio
Vega-Arce, Maribel
dc.contributor.author.none.fl_str_mv Moreno-Montero, Esteban
Moreta-Herrera, Rodrigo
Rodas, Jose A.
Oriol-Granado, Xavier
Puerta-Cortés, Diana Ximena
Ferrufino-Borja, Daniela
Diaz, Renzo Gismondi
Rivera, Marlon Elías Lobos
Samaniego-Pinho, Antonio
Buenahora-Bernal, Marcelo
Rojas-Jara, Claudio
Vega-Arce, Maribel
dc.subject.armarc.none.fl_str_mv Trastorno de ansiedad generalizada (GAD-7)
América Latina - Trastorno de ansiedad generalizada (GAD-7)
América Latina - Estudiantes - Trastorno de ansiedad generalizada (GAD-7)
topic Trastorno de ansiedad generalizada (GAD-7)
América Latina - Trastorno de ansiedad generalizada (GAD-7)
América Latina - Estudiantes - Trastorno de ansiedad generalizada (GAD-7)
Anxiety
Classical test theory
Cross-cultural validation
Generalised anxiety disorder
Item response theory
dc.subject.proposal.eng.fl_str_mv Anxiety
Classical test theory
Cross-cultural validation
Generalised anxiety disorder
Item response theory
description To identify cross-cultural validity evidence for the Spanish version of the Generalised Anxiety Disorder Scale-7 (GAD-7) in a sample of university students from six Latin American countries. Method: This study employed a descriptive, psychometric, and cross-sectional design to examine the factorial validity of the GAD-7, its measurement equivalence across nationalities, and item-level discrimination and difficulty parameters. Participants: The sample consisted of 2278 university students from six Latin American countries (Bolivia, Colombia, Chile, Ecuador, El Salvador, and Paraguay) with a mean age of 21.9 years (SD = 5.41, range = 16–59). The sample was composed of 37.4 % men (n = 851) and 62.6 % women (n = 1427). Results: The findings confirmed the unidimensional structure of the GAD-7, along with measurement equivalence across nationalities from the six countries. The instrument demonstrated excellent internal consistency, and the discrimination and difficulty parameters for the items were found to be appropriate. Conclusions: The GAD-7 is a valid and reliable instrument for assessing generalised anxiety in university students from Bolivia, Colombia, Chile, Ecuador, El Salvador, and Paraguay. Nationality does not introduce variability in the measure, supporting its cross-cultural applicability.
publishDate 2025
dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv 2025-11-28T22:03:04Z
dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv 2025-11-28T22:03:04Z
dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv 2025-07-01
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv Artículo de revista
dc.type.coar.none.fl_str_mv http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1
dc.type.coarversion.none.fl_str_mv http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85
dc.type.content.none.fl_str_mv Text
dc.type.driver.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
dc.type.version.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
format http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1
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dc.identifier.citation.none.fl_str_mv Moreno-Montero, E., Moreta-Herrera, R., Rodas, J., Oriol-Granado, X., Puerta-Cortés, D., Ferrufino-Borja, D., Diaz, R., Rivera, M., Samaniego-Pinho, A., Buenahora-Bernal, M., Rojas-Jara, C. y Vega-Arce, M. (2025). Cross-cultural measurement equivalence of the seven item general anxiety disorder scale (GAD-7) in college students of six countries of Latin American. Journal of Affective Disorders,380, 598 - 606. DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2025.03.188
dc.identifier.doi.none.fl_str_mv 10.1016/j.jad.2025.03.188
dc.identifier.eissn.none.fl_str_mv 15732517
dc.identifier.issn.none.fl_str_mv 01650327
dc.identifier.uri.none.fl_str_mv https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12313/6057
dc.identifier.url.none.fl_str_mv https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0165032725005385
identifier_str_mv Moreno-Montero, E., Moreta-Herrera, R., Rodas, J., Oriol-Granado, X., Puerta-Cortés, D., Ferrufino-Borja, D., Diaz, R., Rivera, M., Samaniego-Pinho, A., Buenahora-Bernal, M., Rojas-Jara, C. y Vega-Arce, M. (2025). Cross-cultural measurement equivalence of the seven item general anxiety disorder scale (GAD-7) in college students of six countries of Latin American. Journal of Affective Disorders,380, 598 - 606. DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2025.03.188
10.1016/j.jad.2025.03.188
15732517
01650327
url https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12313/6057
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0165032725005385
dc.language.iso.none.fl_str_mv eng
language eng
dc.relation.citationedition.none.fl_str_mv 606
dc.relation.citationendpage.none.fl_str_mv 598
dc.relation.citationvolume.none.fl_str_mv 380
dc.relation.ispartofjournal.none.fl_str_mv Journal of Affective Disorders
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Zhou, Y., Xu, J., Rief, W., 2020. Are comparisons of mental disorders between Chinese and German students possible? An examination of measurement invariance for the PHQ-15, PHQ-9 and GA
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spelling Moreno-Montero, Esteban80a751c2-bc86-4e47-b208-1c4a0c8fe971-1Moreta-Herrera, Rodrigo7e895ef7-527a-4c26-bff0-9c065fc47a52-1Rodas, Jose A.ad8342d3-08d0-47f3-b5a7-e646a381da10-1Oriol-Granado, Xaviere01b7b24-c4cb-4c68-bf84-1e411ca68018-1Puerta-Cortés, Diana Ximena42d16ffc-a64a-4702-8ce7-996503e9b1a2-1Ferrufino-Borja, Danielac1b49553-0cc1-4282-bfbd-fae19dd9d849-1Diaz, Renzo Gismondi99d72d03-e478-4462-b3df-d5fe89ce8d17-1Rivera, Marlon Elías Lobos53d0a79b-4d39-4b5d-a8cd-2762b2f20301-1Samaniego-Pinho, Antoniobeffc6ba-b55d-47c4-b542-25ab0434d148-1Buenahora-Bernal, Marcelo6453f72f-1322-44df-9589-67a370cd12a8-1Rojas-Jara, Claudiodf2ba822-c82e-4279-aa4b-c198ad6781e3-1Vega-Arce, Maribel1187a48f-20ac-4cfb-ba5b-fcf2abdeafbe-12025-11-28T22:03:04Z2025-11-28T22:03:04Z2025-07-01To identify cross-cultural validity evidence for the Spanish version of the Generalised Anxiety Disorder Scale-7 (GAD-7) in a sample of university students from six Latin American countries. Method: This study employed a descriptive, psychometric, and cross-sectional design to examine the factorial validity of the GAD-7, its measurement equivalence across nationalities, and item-level discrimination and difficulty parameters. Participants: The sample consisted of 2278 university students from six Latin American countries (Bolivia, Colombia, Chile, Ecuador, El Salvador, and Paraguay) with a mean age of 21.9 years (SD = 5.41, range = 16–59). The sample was composed of 37.4 % men (n = 851) and 62.6 % women (n = 1427). Results: The findings confirmed the unidimensional structure of the GAD-7, along with measurement equivalence across nationalities from the six countries. The instrument demonstrated excellent internal consistency, and the discrimination and difficulty parameters for the items were found to be appropriate. Conclusions: The GAD-7 is a valid and reliable instrument for assessing generalised anxiety in university students from Bolivia, Colombia, Chile, Ecuador, El Salvador, and Paraguay. Nationality does not introduce variability in the measure, supporting its cross-cultural applicability.application/pdfMoreno-Montero, E., Moreta-Herrera, R., Rodas, J., Oriol-Granado, X., Puerta-Cortés, D., Ferrufino-Borja, D., Diaz, R., Rivera, M., Samaniego-Pinho, A., Buenahora-Bernal, M., Rojas-Jara, C. y Vega-Arce, M. (2025). Cross-cultural measurement equivalence of the seven item general anxiety disorder scale (GAD-7) in college students of six countries of Latin American. Journal of Affective Disorders,380, 598 - 606. DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2025.03.18810.1016/j.jad.2025.03.1881573251701650327https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12313/6057https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0165032725005385engElsevier B.V.Países bajos606598380Journal of Affective DisordersAlkhader, Y., 2018. Generalized anxiety disorder: a review. International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries 65–69. https://doi.org/10.24911/IJMDC.51- 1518966687Alves, J.V., Paula, De S., De Netto P.R.R., W., Godman, B., Nascimento, Do, R.C.R.M., Coura-Vital, W., 2021. Prevalence and factors associated with anxiety among university students of health sciences in Brazil: findings and implications. J. Bras. Psiquiatr. 70, 99–107. https://doi.org/10.1590/0047-2085000000322American Psychiatric Association [APA]. (1994). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (Fourth).American Psychiatric Association, [APA]., 2013. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth edition. American Psychiatric Association. https://doi.org/ 10.1176/appi.books.9780890425Baker, F., Kim, S., 2017. The Basics of Item Response Theory Using R. Springer. BBanos-Chaparro, ˜ J., Lamas-Delgado, F., Ynquillay-Lima, P., Jacobi-Romero, D.J., FusterGuillen, F.G., 2022. Evaluacion ´ de síntomas de ansiedad: Evidencias psicom´etricas del Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 en adultos peruanos. Duazary 19 (4), 258–270. https://doi.org/10.21676/2389783X.4986Bartolo, ´ A., Monteiro, S., Pereira, A., 2017. Factor structure and construct validity of the generalized anxiety disorder 7-item (GAD-7) among Portuguese college students. Cad. Saude Publica 33 (9). https://doi.org/10.1590/0102-311x00212716.Byrd-Bredbenner, C., Eck, K., Quick, V., 2021. GAD-7, GAD-2, and GAD-mini: psychometric properties and norms of university students in the United States. Gen. Hosp. Psychiatry 69, 61–66. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2021.01.002Cotiga, A.C., Zanfirescu, S¸ .A., Iliescu, D., Ciumageanu, ˘ M., Gotca, I., Popa, C.O., 2023. Psychometric characteristics of the Romanian adaptation of the GAD-7. J. Psychopathol. Behav. Assess. 45 (3), 691–701. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10862- 023-10062-8.Dattani, S., Rod´es-Guirao, L., Ritchie, H., Roser, M., 2023. Mental Health. https://ourwor ldindata.org/mental-healthDe Ayala, R. J. (2009). The Theory and Practice of Item Response Theory. Guilford. Edelen, M.O., Reeve, B.B., 2007. Applying item response theory (IRT) modeling to questionnaire development, evaluation, and refinement. Qual. Life Res. Int. J. Qual. Life Asp. Treat. Care Rehab. 16 (Suppl. 1), 5–18. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11136- 007-9198-0.Franco-Jimenez, R.A., Nunez-Magallanes, ˜ A., 2022. Propiedades psicom´etricas del GAD7, GAD-2 y GAD-Mini en universitarios peruanos. Propositos ´ y Representaciones 10 (1). https://doi.org/10.20511/pyr2022.v10n1.1437García-Campayo, J., Zamorano, E., Ruiz, M.A., Pardo, A., P´erez-P´ aramo, M., Lopez- ´ Gomez, ´ V., Freire, O., Rejas, J., 2010. Cultural adaptation into Spanish of the generalized anxiety disorder-7 (GAD-7) scale as a screening tool. Health Qual. Life Outcomes 8 (1), 8. https://doi.org/10.1186/1477-7525-8-8Gjersing, L., Caplehorn, J.R., Clausen, T., 2010. 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College students’ stress and health in the COVID-19 pandemic: the role of academic workload, separation from school, and fears of contagion. PLoS One 16 (2), e0246676. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal. pone.024667Yoon, M., Lai, M.H.C., 2018. Testing factorial invariance with unbalanced samples. Struct. Equ. Model. Multidiscip. J. 25 (2), 201–213. https://doi.org/10.1080/ 10705511.2017.1Zhang, C., Wang, T., Zeng, P., Zhao, M., Zhang, G., Zhai, S., Meng, L., Wang, Y., Liu, D., 2021. Reliability, validity, and measurement invariance of the general anxiety disorder scale among Chinese medical university students. Front. Psychol. 12, 648755. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2021.648755Zhou, Y., Xu, J., Rief, W., 2020. Are comparisons of mental disorders between Chinese and German students possible? An examination of measurement invariance for the PHQ-15, PHQ-9 and GA© 2025 Elsevier B.V.info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2Trastorno de ansiedad generalizada (GAD-7)América Latina - Trastorno de ansiedad generalizada (GAD-7)América Latina - Estudiantes - Trastorno de ansiedad generalizada (GAD-7)AnxietyClassical test theoryCross-cultural validationGeneralised anxiety disorderItem response theoryCross-cultural measurement equivalence of the seven item general anxiety disorder scale (GAD-7) in college students of six countries of Latin AmericanArtículo de revistahttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85Textinfo:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionPublicationLICENSElicense.txtlicense.txttext/plain; charset=utf-8134https://repositorio.unibague.edu.co/bitstreams/b088edc9-3bf3-405e-b2b9-deb20859e485/download2fa3e590786b9c0f3ceba1b9656b7ac3MD51ORIGINALArtículo.pdfArtículo.pdfapplication/pdf150202https://repositorio.unibague.edu.co/bitstreams/39d45bdd-f8ed-4ec2-8268-6ad69ba1d725/download4f1d270ec29d8ca4d859d2ce80e50ef4MD52TEXTArtículo.pdf.txtArtículo.pdf.txtExtracted texttext/plain2159https://repositorio.unibague.edu.co/bitstreams/5dba2385-775c-444a-b794-4793788ef12b/downloadab6482299f04d8db5843a50707fc9fe9MD53THUMBNAILArtículo.pdf.jpgArtículo.pdf.jpgIM Thumbnailimage/jpeg22164https://repositorio.unibague.edu.co/bitstreams/0391561c-3a6f-4fd4-98fa-1e95853b5f47/download3a2b91134ef26a29cecad6d111da4784MD5420.500.12313/6057oai:repositorio.unibague.edu.co:20.500.12313/60572025-11-29 03:01:51.507https://repositorio.unibague.edu.coRepositorio Institucional Universidad de Ibaguébdigital@metabiblioteca.comQ3JlYXRpdmUgQ29tbW9ucyBBdHRyaWJ1dGlvbi1Ob25Db21tZXJjaWFsLU5vRGVyaXZhdGl2ZXMgNC4wIEludGVybmF0aW9uYWwgTGljZW5zZQ0KaHR0cHM6Ly9jcmVhdGl2ZWNvbW1vbnMub3JnL2xpY2Vuc2VzL2J5LW5jLW5kLzQuMC8=

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