Understanding the dynamics of the obesity transition associated with physical activity, sedentary lifestyle, and consumption of ultra-processed foods in Colombia
Objective: We investigate the obesity transition at the country- and regional-levels, by age, gender, and socioeconomic status (SES) and its relationship to three health behavior attributes, including physical activity (PA), sedentary activities (ST), and consumption of ultra-processed foods (CUPF)...
- Autores:
-
Meisel, Jose D
Esguerra, Valentina
Giraldo, John K.
Montes, Felipe
Stankov, Ivana
Sarmiento, Olga L
Meisel, Carlos A.
Valdivia, Juan A.
- Tipo de recurso:
- Article of investigation
- Fecha de publicación:
- 2023
- Institución:
- Universidad de Ibagué
- Repositorio:
- Repositorio Universidad de Ibagué
- Idioma:
- eng
- OAI Identifier:
- oai:repositorio.unibague.edu.co:20.500.12313/5561
- Acceso en línea:
- https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12313/5561
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0091743523003006
- Palabra clave:
- Alimentos ultraprocesados - Colombia - Obesidad
Obesidad - Colombia - Actividad física
Obesidad - Colombia - Sedentarismo
Complex system
Consumption of ultra-processed foods
Epidemiology
Obesity transition
Physical activity
Public health
Sedentary lifestyle
System dynamics model
System science
- Rights
- openAccess
- License
- © 2023 The Authors
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Understanding the dynamics of the obesity transition associated with physical activity, sedentary lifestyle, and consumption of ultra-processed foods in Colombia |
| title |
Understanding the dynamics of the obesity transition associated with physical activity, sedentary lifestyle, and consumption of ultra-processed foods in Colombia |
| spellingShingle |
Understanding the dynamics of the obesity transition associated with physical activity, sedentary lifestyle, and consumption of ultra-processed foods in Colombia Alimentos ultraprocesados - Colombia - Obesidad Obesidad - Colombia - Actividad física Obesidad - Colombia - Sedentarismo Complex system Consumption of ultra-processed foods Epidemiology Obesity transition Physical activity Public health Sedentary lifestyle System dynamics model System science |
| title_short |
Understanding the dynamics of the obesity transition associated with physical activity, sedentary lifestyle, and consumption of ultra-processed foods in Colombia |
| title_full |
Understanding the dynamics of the obesity transition associated with physical activity, sedentary lifestyle, and consumption of ultra-processed foods in Colombia |
| title_fullStr |
Understanding the dynamics of the obesity transition associated with physical activity, sedentary lifestyle, and consumption of ultra-processed foods in Colombia |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Understanding the dynamics of the obesity transition associated with physical activity, sedentary lifestyle, and consumption of ultra-processed foods in Colombia |
| title_sort |
Understanding the dynamics of the obesity transition associated with physical activity, sedentary lifestyle, and consumption of ultra-processed foods in Colombia |
| dc.creator.fl_str_mv |
Meisel, Jose D Esguerra, Valentina Giraldo, John K. Montes, Felipe Stankov, Ivana Sarmiento, Olga L Meisel, Carlos A. Valdivia, Juan A. |
| dc.contributor.author.none.fl_str_mv |
Meisel, Jose D Esguerra, Valentina Giraldo, John K. Montes, Felipe Stankov, Ivana Sarmiento, Olga L Meisel, Carlos A. Valdivia, Juan A. |
| dc.subject.armarc.none.fl_str_mv |
Alimentos ultraprocesados - Colombia - Obesidad Obesidad - Colombia - Actividad física Obesidad - Colombia - Sedentarismo |
| topic |
Alimentos ultraprocesados - Colombia - Obesidad Obesidad - Colombia - Actividad física Obesidad - Colombia - Sedentarismo Complex system Consumption of ultra-processed foods Epidemiology Obesity transition Physical activity Public health Sedentary lifestyle System dynamics model System science |
| dc.subject.proposal.eng.fl_str_mv |
Complex system Consumption of ultra-processed foods Epidemiology Obesity transition Physical activity Public health Sedentary lifestyle System dynamics model System science |
| description |
Objective: We investigate the obesity transition at the country- and regional-levels, by age, gender, and socioeconomic status (SES) and its relationship to three health behavior attributes, including physical activity (PA), sedentary activities (ST), and consumption of ultra-processed foods (CUPF) within the urban population of Colombia, from 20,010 to 2050. Methods: The study is informed by cross-sectional data from ENSIN survey. We used these data to develop a system dynamics model that simulates the dynamics of obesity by body mass index (BMI) categories, gender, and SES. This model also uses a conservative co-flow structure for three health-related behaviors (PA, ST, and CUPF). Results: At the national level, our results indicate that the burden of obesity is shifting towards populations with lower SES as the gross domestic product (GDP) increases, particularly women aged 20–59 years with lower SES. Among this group of women, the highest burden of obesity is among those who do not meet the PA, ST and CUPF recommendations. At the regional level, our findings suggest that the regions are at different stages in the obesity transition. Conclusions: The burden of obesity is shifting towards women with lower SES as GDP increases at the national level and across several regions. This obesity transition is paralleled by a high prevalence of women from low SES groups who do not meet the minimum recommendations for PA, CUPF, and ST. Our findings can be used by decision-makers to inform age- and SES- specific policies seeking to tackle the obesity. |
| publishDate |
2023 |
| dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv |
2023-12 |
| dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv |
2025-08-29T14:50:58Z |
| dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv |
2025-08-29T14:50:58Z |
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Artículo de revista |
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http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1 |
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http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85 |
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Text |
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Meisel, J., Esguerra, V., Giraldo, J., Montes, F., Stankov, I., Meisel, C., Sarmiento, O. y Valdivia, J. (2023). Understanding the dynamics of the obesity transition associated with physical activity, sedentary lifestyle, and consumption of ultra-processed foods in Colombia. Preventive Medicin, 177. DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2023.107720 |
| dc.identifier.doi.none.fl_str_mv |
10.1016/j.ypmed.2023.107720 |
| dc.identifier.eissn.none.fl_str_mv |
10960260 |
| dc.identifier.issn.none.fl_str_mv |
00917435 |
| dc.identifier.uri.none.fl_str_mv |
https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12313/5561 |
| dc.identifier.url.none.fl_str_mv |
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0091743523003006 |
| identifier_str_mv |
Meisel, J., Esguerra, V., Giraldo, J., Montes, F., Stankov, I., Meisel, C., Sarmiento, O. y Valdivia, J. (2023). Understanding the dynamics of the obesity transition associated with physical activity, sedentary lifestyle, and consumption of ultra-processed foods in Colombia. Preventive Medicin, 177. DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2023.107720 10.1016/j.ypmed.2023.107720 10960260 00917435 |
| url |
https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12313/5561 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0091743523003006 |
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eng |
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eng |
| dc.relation.citationstartpage.none.fl_str_mv |
107720 |
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177 |
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Understanding the dynamics of the obesity transition associated with physical activity, sedentary lifestyle, and consumption of ultra-processed foods in Colombia |
| dc.relation.references.none.fl_str_mv |
Albala, C., Vio, F., Kain, J., et al., 2009. Nutrition transition in Latin America: the case of Chile. Nutr. Rev. 59, 170–176. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1753-4887.2001.tb07008. Clinical guidelines on the identification, evaluation, and treatment of overweight and obesity in adults: executive summary. Expert panel on the identification, evaluation, and treatment of overweight in adults. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 68, 1998, 899–917. Castillo-Laura, H., Santos, I.S., Quadros, L.C.M., et al., 2015. Maternal obesity and offspring body composition by indirect methods: a systematic review and metaanalysis. Cad Saúde Pública 31, 2073–2092. https://doi.org/10.1590/0102- 311X00159914 Chen, H.-J., Xue, H., Liu, S., et al., 2018. Obesity trend in the United States and economic intervention options to change it: a simulation study linking ecological epidemiology and system dynamics modeling. Public Health 161, 20–28. https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.puhe.2018.01.013 de Onis, M., Onyango, A.W., Borghi, E., et al., 2007. Development of a WHO growth reference for school-aged children and adolescents. Bull. World Health Organ. 85, 660–667. Departamento Administrativo Nacional de Estadística, 2018. Proyecciones de poblacion. ´ https://www.dane.gov.co/index.php/estadisticas-por-tema/demografia-y-poblacion /proyecciones-de-poblaci Departamento Administrativo Nacional de Estadística, 2020. Estadísticas Vitales. http s://www.dane.gov.co/index.php/estadisticas-por-tema/salud/nacimientos-y-de funciones (accessed 23 Sep 2021 Departamento Administrativo Nacional de Estadística, 2023a. Cuentas nacionales anuales - Base 2015. https://www.dane.gov.co/index.php/estadisticas-por-tema /cuentas-nacionales/cuentas-nacionales-anuales (accessed 24 Jun 2022) Departamento Administrativo Nacional de Estadística, 2023b. Producto Interno bruto por departamento. https://www.dane.gov.co/index.php/estadisticas-por-tema /cuentas-nacionales/cuentas-nacionales-departamentales (accessed 24 Jun 2022). Di Pietro, G., Cardoso, D.S., da Silva, H.M.B.S., et al., 2015. Profile development of noncommunicable chronic diseases in a Brazilian Rural Town. J. Am. Coll. Nutr. 34, 191–198. https://doi.org/10.1080/07315724.2014.926162. Fallah-Fini, S., Rahmandad, H., Huang, T.T.-K., et al., 2014. Modeling US adult obesity trends: a system dynamics model for estimating energy imbalance gap. Am. J. Public Health 104, 1230–1239. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2014.301882. Fallah-Fini, S., Vandevijvere, S., Rezaei, T., et al., 2019. Three decades of New Zealand adults obesity trends: an estimation of energy imbalance gaps using system dynamics modeling. Obesity. https://doi.org/10.1002/oby.22497 oby.22497. Ford, N.D., Patel, S.A., Narayan, K.M.V., 2017. Obesity in low- and middle-income countries: Burden, drivers, and emerging challenges. Annu. Rev. Public Health 38, 145–164. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-publhealth-031816-044604 Garmendia, M.L., Alonso, F.T., Kain, J., et al., 2014. Alarming weight gain in women of a post-transitional country. Public Health Nutr. 17, 667–673. https://doi.org/ 10.1017/S136898001300 Gaziano, T.A., 2005. Cardiovascular disease in the developing world and its costeffective management. Circulation 112, 3547–3553. https://doi.org/10.1161/ CIRCULATIONAHA.105.591792 Giuntella, O., Rieger, M., Rotunno, L., 2020. Weight gains from trade in foods: evidence from Mexico. J. Int. Econ. 122, 103277 https://doi.org/10.1016/j. jinteco.2019.103277 Gordon-Larsen, P., Hou, N., Sidney, S., et al., 2009. Fifteen-year longitudinal trends in walking patterns and their impact on weight change. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 89, 19–26. https://doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.2008.26147. Instituto Colombiano de Bienestar Familiar ICBF, 2005. Encuesta Nacional de la Situación Nutricional en Colombia ENSIN. Instituto Colombiano de Bienestar Familiar, Bogotá. Instituto Colombiano de Bienestar Familiar ICBF, 2010. Encuesta Nacional de las Situación Nutricional en Colombia ENSIN, Instituto Colombiano de Bienestar Familiar ICBF, Bogotá Instituto Colombiano de Bienestar Familiar ICBF, 2015. Encuesta Nacional de las Situación Nutricional en Colombia ENSIN, Instituto Colombiano de Bienestar Familiar ICBF, Bogotá Jaacks, L.M., Vandevijvere, S., Pan, A., et al., 2019. The obesity transition: stages of the global epidemic. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 7, 231–240. https://doi.org/10.1016/ S2213-8587(19)30026-9 Jiwani, S.S., Carrillo-Larco, R.M., Hernandez-V ´ ´ asquez, A., et al., 2019. The shift of obesity burden by socioeconomic status between 1998 and 2017 in Latin America and the Caribbean: a cross-sectional series study. Lancet Glob. Health 7, e1644–e1654. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(19)30421-8. Jones-Smith, J.C., Gordon-Larsen, P., Siddiqi, A., et al., 2012. Is the burden of overweight shifting to the poor across the globe? Time trends among women in 39 low- and middle-income countries (1991–2008). Int. J. Obes. 36, 1114–1120. https://doi.org/ 10.1038/ijo.2011.1 Juul, F., Martinez-Steele, E., Parekh, N., et al., 2018. Ultra-processed food consumption and excess weight among US adults. Br. J. Nutr. 120, 90–100. https://doi.org/ 10.1017/S00071145180010 Langellier, B.A., Kuhlberg, J.A., Ballard, E.A., et al., 2019. Using community-based system dynamics modeling to understand the complex systems that influence health in cities: the SALURBAL study. Health Place 60, 102215. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. healthplace.2019.10221 Lee, B.Y., Bartsch, S.M., Mui, Y., et al., 2017. A systems approach to obesity. Nutr. Rev. 75, 94–106. https://doi.org/10.1093/nutrit/nuw049. Leitzmann, M., 2018. Physical activity, sedentary behaviour, and obesity. In: Energy Balance and Obesity. World Health Organization, p. 119. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih. gov/books/NBK565813/. Liao, Y., Liao, J., Durand, C.P., et al., 2014. Which type of sedentary behavior intervention is more effective at reducing body mass index in children? A metaanalytic review. Obes. Rev. Off. J. Int. Assoc. Study Obes. 15, 159–168. https://doi. org/10.1111/obr.1 Mabry, P.L., Bures, R.M., 2014. Systems science for obesity-related research questions: an introduction to the theme issue. Am. J. Public Health 104, 1157–1159. https://doi. org/10.2105/AJPH.2014.30208 McLaren, L., 2007. Socioeconomic status and obesity. Epidemiol. Rev. 29, 29–48. https://doi.org/10.1093/epirev/mxm001. Meisel, J.D., Sarmiento, O.L., Olaya, C., et al., 2016. A system dynamics model of the nutritional stages of the Colombian population. Kybernetes 45, 554–570. https:// doi.org/10.1108/K-01-2015-0010 Meisel, J.D., Sarmiento, O.L., Olaya, C., et al., 2018. Towards a novel model for studying the nutritional stage dynamics of the Colombian population by age and socioeconomic status. PLoS One 13, e0191929. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal. pone.0191929. Meisel, J.D., Ramirez, A.M., Esguerra, V., et al., 2020. Using a system dynamics model to study the obesity transition by socioeconomic status in Colombia at the country, regional and department levels. BMJ Open 10, e036534. https://doi.org/10.1136/ bmjopen-2019-036 Monteiro, C.A., Moura, E.C., Conde, W.L., etal., 2004a. Socioeconomic status and obesity in adult populations of developing countries: a review. Bull. World Health Organ. 82, 940 doi:/S0042-96862004001200011. Moubarac, J.-C., Parra, D.C., Cannon, G., et al., 2014. Food classification systems based on food processing: significance and implications for policies and actions: a systematic literature review and assessment. Curr. Obes. Rep. 3, 256–272. https:// doi.org/10.1007/s13679-0 Mozaffarian, D., Hao, T., Rimm, E.B., et al., 2011. Changes in diet and lifestyle and longterm weight gain in women and men. N. Engl. J. Med. 364, 2392–2404. https://doi. org/10.1056/NEJMoa1 Nardocci, M., Leclerc, B.-S., Louzada, M.-L., et al., 2019. Consumption of ultra-processed foods and obesity in Canada. Can. J. Publ. Health 110, 4–14. https://doi.org/ 10.17269/s41997-018-0 Ng, M., Fleming, T., Robinson, M., et al., 2014. Global, regional, and national prevalence of overweight and obesity in children and adults during 1980–2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013. Lancet 384, 766–781. https:// doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(14)604 P´erez-Ferrer, C., McMunn, A., Zaninotto, P., et al., 2018. The nutrition transition in Mexico 1988–2016: the role of wealth in the social patterning of obesity by education. Public Health Nutr. 21, 2394–2401. https://doi.org/10.1017/ S1368980018 Popkin, B.M., Reardon, T., 2018. Obesity and the food system transformation in Latin America: obesity and food system transformation. Obes. Rev. 19, 1028–1064. https://doi.org/10.1111/obr.12694. Rauber, F., Steele, E.M., Da Louzada, M.L.C., et al., 2020. Ultra-processed food consumption and indicators of obesity in the United Kingdom population (2008–2016). PLoS One 15, e0232676. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal. pone.0232676 Rosenberg, D.E., Hoffman, S.A., Pellegrini, C.A., 2018. Specific approaches to reduce sedentary behaviour in overweight and obese people. In: Leitzmann, M.F., Jochem, C., Schmid, D. (Eds.), Sedentary Behaviour Epidemiology. Springer International Publishing, Cham, pp. 487–496. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319- 61552-3_2 Shields, M., Tremblay, M., 2008. Sedendary behavior and obesity. Health Rep. Stat. Can. Can. Cent. Health Inf. Rapp Sur Santé Stat Can Cent Can Can Inf Sur Santé 19,19-30 Rutstein, S.O., Jonhson, K., 2004. The DHS Wealth Index. DHS Comparative Reports no. 6. ORC Macro, Calcerton, MA Telford, R.M., Telford, R.D., Olive, L.S., et al., 2016. Why are girls less physically active than boys? Findings from the look longitudinal study. PLoS One 11, e0150041. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0150041. Templin, T., Cravo Oliveira Hashiguchi, T., Thomson, B., et al., 2019. The overweight and obesity transition from the wealthy to the poor in low- and middle-income countries: a survey of household data from 103 countries. PLoS Med. 16, e1002968 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1002968 Vio, F., Albala, C., Kain, J., 2008. Nutrition transition in Chile revisited: mid-term evaluation of obesity goals for the period 2000–2010. Public Health Nutr. 11, 405–412. https://doi.org/10.1017/S136898000700050X World Data Bank, 2021. World Development Indicators | DataBank. https://databank. worldbank.org/source/world-development-indicators (accessed World Health Organization, 2006. WHO Child Growth Standards: Length/height-for-age, Weight-for-age, Weight-for-length, Weight-for-height and Body Mass Index-for-age: Methods and Development. Geneva. http://www.who.int/childgrowth/standards /technical_report/en/index.html (accessed 19 Feb 2013). World Health Organization, 2018. Noncommunicable diseases country profiles 2018. World Health Organization, Geneva. https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/ 10665/274512/97892415 |
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Meisel, Jose Dfb6ee7e4-d71a-4ad0-ada1-224714cb0696-1Esguerra, Valentinafb402b1a-7787-4030-9bfc-c2f943e7ae50-1Giraldo, John K.e8a10944-a8d8-44aa-b121-23fd86677597-1Montes, Felipe512f5570-61cd-4fe8-afe6-680bb268a930-1Stankov, Ivana1f9d9687-9e14-4c71-8bdd-6dff6c1c053b-1Sarmiento, Olga L0257d427-ff03-4e61-9aec-d3a824f01bc2-1Meisel, Carlos A.b8f9ef40-615f-4056-8ff6-ef9a58e64002-1Valdivia, Juan A.db46e4b8-5399-4a19-af31-90294f5d299a-12025-08-29T14:50:58Z2025-08-29T14:50:58Z2023-12Objective: We investigate the obesity transition at the country- and regional-levels, by age, gender, and socioeconomic status (SES) and its relationship to three health behavior attributes, including physical activity (PA), sedentary activities (ST), and consumption of ultra-processed foods (CUPF) within the urban population of Colombia, from 20,010 to 2050. Methods: The study is informed by cross-sectional data from ENSIN survey. We used these data to develop a system dynamics model that simulates the dynamics of obesity by body mass index (BMI) categories, gender, and SES. This model also uses a conservative co-flow structure for three health-related behaviors (PA, ST, and CUPF). Results: At the national level, our results indicate that the burden of obesity is shifting towards populations with lower SES as the gross domestic product (GDP) increases, particularly women aged 20–59 years with lower SES. Among this group of women, the highest burden of obesity is among those who do not meet the PA, ST and CUPF recommendations. At the regional level, our findings suggest that the regions are at different stages in the obesity transition. Conclusions: The burden of obesity is shifting towards women with lower SES as GDP increases at the national level and across several regions. This obesity transition is paralleled by a high prevalence of women from low SES groups who do not meet the minimum recommendations for PA, CUPF, and ST. Our findings can be used by decision-makers to inform age- and SES- specific policies seeking to tackle the obesity.application/pdfMeisel, J., Esguerra, V., Giraldo, J., Montes, F., Stankov, I., Meisel, C., Sarmiento, O. y Valdivia, J. (2023). Understanding the dynamics of the obesity transition associated with physical activity, sedentary lifestyle, and consumption of ultra-processed foods in Colombia. Preventive Medicin, 177. DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2023.10772010.1016/j.ypmed.2023.1077201096026000917435https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12313/5561https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0091743523003006engAcademic Press Inc.Estados Unidos107720177Understanding the dynamics of the obesity transition associated with physical activity, sedentary lifestyle, and consumption of ultra-processed foods in ColombiaAlbala, C., Vio, F., Kain, J., et al., 2009. Nutrition transition in Latin America: the case of Chile. Nutr. Rev. 59, 170–176. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1753-4887.2001.tb07008.Clinical guidelines on the identification, evaluation, and treatment of overweight and obesity in adults: executive summary. Expert panel on the identification, evaluation, and treatment of overweight in adults. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 68, 1998, 899–917.Castillo-Laura, H., Santos, I.S., Quadros, L.C.M., et al., 2015. Maternal obesity and offspring body composition by indirect methods: a systematic review and metaanalysis. Cad Saúde Pública 31, 2073–2092. https://doi.org/10.1590/0102- 311X00159914Chen, H.-J., Xue, H., Liu, S., et al., 2018. Obesity trend in the United States and economic intervention options to change it: a simulation study linking ecological epidemiology and system dynamics modeling. Public Health 161, 20–28. https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.puhe.2018.01.013de Onis, M., Onyango, A.W., Borghi, E., et al., 2007. Development of a WHO growth reference for school-aged children and adolescents. Bull. World Health Organ. 85, 660–667.Departamento Administrativo Nacional de Estadística, 2018. Proyecciones de poblacion. ´ https://www.dane.gov.co/index.php/estadisticas-por-tema/demografia-y-poblacion /proyecciones-de-poblaciDepartamento Administrativo Nacional de Estadística, 2020. Estadísticas Vitales. http s://www.dane.gov.co/index.php/estadisticas-por-tema/salud/nacimientos-y-de funciones (accessed 23 Sep 2021Departamento Administrativo Nacional de Estadística, 2023a. 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World Health Organization, Geneva. https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/ 10665/274512/97892415© 2023 The Authorsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2Atribución-NoComercial 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-NC 4.0)https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0091743523003006Alimentos ultraprocesados - Colombia - ObesidadObesidad - Colombia - Actividad físicaObesidad - Colombia - SedentarismoComplex systemConsumption of ultra-processed foodsEpidemiologyObesity transitionPhysical activityPublic healthSedentary lifestyleSystem dynamics modelSystem scienceUnderstanding the dynamics of the obesity transition associated with physical activity, sedentary lifestyle, and consumption of ultra-processed foods in ColombiaArtículo de revistahttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85Textinfo:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionPublicationTEXTArtículo.pdf.txtArtículo.pdf.txtExtracted texttext/plain2454https://repositorio.unibague.edu.co/bitstreams/8ebcc1e3-165d-4cd5-9617-578fc4c23567/download6cea934cfd4c208c385712bfe1a259e7MD53THUMBNAILArtículo.pdf.jpgArtículo.pdf.jpgIM Thumbnailimage/jpeg21093https://repositorio.unibague.edu.co/bitstreams/2324ae3d-ba03-4c5c-adfc-21341bde17a1/download295103da4d9b6862977e713e84d591b1MD54LICENSElicense.txtlicense.txttext/plain; charset=utf-8134https://repositorio.unibague.edu.co/bitstreams/53867e79-e996-4b12-b748-71abd8b681a8/download2fa3e590786b9c0f3ceba1b9656b7ac3MD51ORIGINALArtículo.pdfArtículo.pdfapplication/pdf135529https://repositorio.unibague.edu.co/bitstreams/baa403b3-6985-450b-a755-22d3da7f1c71/download1cd16f385e27cc48493d84c192906c45MD5220.500.12313/5561oai:repositorio.unibague.edu.co:20.500.12313/55612025-09-12 12:10:39.699https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/© 2023 The Authorshttps://repositorio.unibague.edu.coRepositorio Institucional Universidad de Ibaguébdigital@metabiblioteca.comQ3JlYXRpdmUgQ29tbW9ucyBBdHRyaWJ1dGlvbi1Ob25Db21tZXJjaWFsLU5vRGVyaXZhdGl2ZXMgNC4wIEludGVybmF0aW9uYWwgTGljZW5zZQ0KaHR0cHM6Ly9jcmVhdGl2ZWNvbW1vbnMub3JnL2xpY2Vuc2VzL2J5LW5jLW5kLzQuMC8= |