Integration of UV light, activated carbon and photocatalytic nanomaterial technologies for point-of-use water treatment in rural areas in Colombia: performance assessment
Colombia is a nation with pronounced socioeconomic differences, where access to potable water remains a challenge without an effective solution, especially in rural areas. This research explores the feasibility of integrating three non-conventional technologies, at the forefront of scientific advanc...
- Autores:
-
Angel Imitola, Luis Eduardo
- Tipo de recurso:
- Doctoral thesis
- Fecha de publicación:
- 2024
- Institución:
- Universidad de los Andes
- Repositorio:
- Séneca: repositorio Uniandes
- Idioma:
- eng
- OAI Identifier:
- oai:repositorio.uniandes.edu.co:1992/75976
- Acceso en línea:
- https://hdl.handle.net/1992/75976
- Palabra clave:
- Activated carbon
Nanotechnology
UV light
Adsorption
Photocatalysis
Disinfection
Water treatment
Rural areas
Emerging contaminants
Environmental sustainability
Ingeniería
- Rights
- openAccess
- License
- Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
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| dc.title.eng.fl_str_mv |
Integration of UV light, activated carbon and photocatalytic nanomaterial technologies for point-of-use water treatment in rural areas in Colombia: performance assessment |
| title |
Integration of UV light, activated carbon and photocatalytic nanomaterial technologies for point-of-use water treatment in rural areas in Colombia: performance assessment |
| spellingShingle |
Integration of UV light, activated carbon and photocatalytic nanomaterial technologies for point-of-use water treatment in rural areas in Colombia: performance assessment Activated carbon Nanotechnology UV light Adsorption Photocatalysis Disinfection Water treatment Rural areas Emerging contaminants Environmental sustainability Ingeniería |
| title_short |
Integration of UV light, activated carbon and photocatalytic nanomaterial technologies for point-of-use water treatment in rural areas in Colombia: performance assessment |
| title_full |
Integration of UV light, activated carbon and photocatalytic nanomaterial technologies for point-of-use water treatment in rural areas in Colombia: performance assessment |
| title_fullStr |
Integration of UV light, activated carbon and photocatalytic nanomaterial technologies for point-of-use water treatment in rural areas in Colombia: performance assessment |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Integration of UV light, activated carbon and photocatalytic nanomaterial technologies for point-of-use water treatment in rural areas in Colombia: performance assessment |
| title_sort |
Integration of UV light, activated carbon and photocatalytic nanomaterial technologies for point-of-use water treatment in rural areas in Colombia: performance assessment |
| dc.creator.fl_str_mv |
Angel Imitola, Luis Eduardo |
| dc.contributor.advisor.none.fl_str_mv |
Rodríguez Susa, Manuel Salvador Gerente, Claire Villot, Audrey Andres, Yves Plazas Tuttle, Jaime Guillermo |
| dc.contributor.author.none.fl_str_mv |
Angel Imitola, Luis Eduardo |
| dc.contributor.jury.none.fl_str_mv |
Barakat, Abdellatif Chejne, Farid Amrane, Abdeltif Gerente, Claire Rodríguez Susa, Manuel Salvador |
| dc.contributor.researchgroup.none.fl_str_mv |
Facultad de Ingeniería::Centro de Investigaciones en Ingenieria Ambiental |
| dc.subject.keyword.eng.fl_str_mv |
Activated carbon |
| topic |
Activated carbon Nanotechnology UV light Adsorption Photocatalysis Disinfection Water treatment Rural areas Emerging contaminants Environmental sustainability Ingeniería |
| dc.subject.keyword.none.fl_str_mv |
Nanotechnology UV light Adsorption Photocatalysis Disinfection Water treatment Rural areas Emerging contaminants Environmental sustainability |
| dc.subject.themes.spa.fl_str_mv |
Ingeniería |
| description |
Colombia is a nation with pronounced socioeconomic differences, where access to potable water remains a challenge without an effective solution, especially in rural areas. This research explores the feasibility of integrating three non-conventional technologies, at the forefront of scientific advances, for the future design of a sustainable point-of-use water treatment system for rural communities in the country. The first technology employed was activated carbon, used primarily as an adsorbent for organic contaminants present in water. The activated carbon in this research was produced from chontaduro seeds, a locally abundant waste biomass, using a direct physical activation method with steam. A factorial design and multi-objective optimization process that considered key properties from both an operational and sustainability standpoint were used. The resulting activated carbon was thoroughly characterized, demonstrating outstanding properties. The second technology evaluated was irradiation with ultraviolet (UV) light as a disinfectant agent, considering its capacity to damage the genetic material and cell membranes of pathogenic microorganisms and its capacity to break complex organic molecules into simpler compounds. Finally, the third integrated technology was the use of photocatalytic nanoparticles, particularly titanium dioxide (TiO2), capable of generating reactive oxygen species when irradiated with UV light. These species have the ability to mineralize organic contaminants and attack pathogenic microorganisms, offering an additional mechanism for water purification. The study involved the synthesis and characterization of hybrid materials, using activated carbon as a support matrix and coating it with TiO2 nanoparticles by the sol-gel method. Ibuprofen (IBU) was selected as a representative organic pollutant and Escherichia coli as a microbiological indicator to determine the effectiveness of the technologies studied, conducting experiments under controlled conditions. Regarding IBU, the results showed that activated carbon has a remarkable adsorption capacity for IBU, and that this capacity is higher when ions are present in the water at concentrations similar to those of soft surface water. Furthermore, the adsorption capacity is not unique to IBU, but can also be applied to a broad spectrum of organic contaminants. UV radiation at adequate intensities can degrade IBU, although complete mineralization is not achieved, generating by-products during the process. On the other hand, when coating the carbon with TiO2 nanoparticles, a reduction in its IBU adsorption capacity was observed, but when irradiating the material with UV light, the photocatalytic effect of the nanoparticles compensates for this decrease. As for E. coli, UV light proved to be a very effective disinfectant. However, the presence of activated carbon can generate a shadowing effect that prevents the correct irradiation of the microorganisms, reducing the removal efficiency as the amount of carbon increases. However, by coating the activated carbon with TiO2 nanoparticles, the photocatalytic effect can compensate for the shadowing effect, increasing the removal efficiency of E. coli. These results show that the synergistic effects between the technologies improve the treatment efficiency, exceeding the results obtained by each technology independently. The findings of this study suggest that the integration of these technologies is not only viable, but also offers a promising solution to improve water quality in rural areas of Colombia. The system's ability to inactivate microorganisms and remove organic contaminants makes it a sustainable alternative, which can be adapted to the needs of communities without access to centralized treatment systems. In addition, the use of chontaduro seeds as raw material for the production of activated carbon contributes to the sustainable approach of the project, prioritizing the objectives of the circular economy. |
| publishDate |
2024 |
| dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv |
2024-12-16 |
| dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv |
2025-02-03T12:58:40Z |
| dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv |
2025-02-03T12:58:40Z |
| dc.type.none.fl_str_mv |
Trabajo de grado - Doctorado |
| dc.type.driver.none.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis |
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info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion |
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http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_db06 |
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https://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/TD |
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acceptedVersion |
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https://hdl.handle.net/1992/75976 |
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instname:Universidad de los Andes |
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reponame:Repositorio Institucional Séneca |
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eng |
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eng |
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Rodríguez Susa, Manuel SalvadorGerente, ClaireVillot, AudreyAndres, YvesPlazas Tuttle, Jaime Guillermovirtual::23075-1Angel Imitola, Luis EduardoBarakat, AbdellatifChejne, FaridAmrane, AbdeltifGerente, ClaireRodríguez Susa, Manuel SalvadorFacultad de Ingeniería::Centro de Investigaciones en Ingenieria Ambiental2025-02-03T12:58:40Z2025-02-03T12:58:40Z2024-12-16https://hdl.handle.net/1992/75976instname:Universidad de los Andesreponame:Repositorio Institucional Sénecarepourl:https://repositorio.uniandes.edu.co/Colombia is a nation with pronounced socioeconomic differences, where access to potable water remains a challenge without an effective solution, especially in rural areas. This research explores the feasibility of integrating three non-conventional technologies, at the forefront of scientific advances, for the future design of a sustainable point-of-use water treatment system for rural communities in the country. The first technology employed was activated carbon, used primarily as an adsorbent for organic contaminants present in water. The activated carbon in this research was produced from chontaduro seeds, a locally abundant waste biomass, using a direct physical activation method with steam. A factorial design and multi-objective optimization process that considered key properties from both an operational and sustainability standpoint were used. The resulting activated carbon was thoroughly characterized, demonstrating outstanding properties. The second technology evaluated was irradiation with ultraviolet (UV) light as a disinfectant agent, considering its capacity to damage the genetic material and cell membranes of pathogenic microorganisms and its capacity to break complex organic molecules into simpler compounds. Finally, the third integrated technology was the use of photocatalytic nanoparticles, particularly titanium dioxide (TiO2), capable of generating reactive oxygen species when irradiated with UV light. These species have the ability to mineralize organic contaminants and attack pathogenic microorganisms, offering an additional mechanism for water purification. The study involved the synthesis and characterization of hybrid materials, using activated carbon as a support matrix and coating it with TiO2 nanoparticles by the sol-gel method. Ibuprofen (IBU) was selected as a representative organic pollutant and Escherichia coli as a microbiological indicator to determine the effectiveness of the technologies studied, conducting experiments under controlled conditions. Regarding IBU, the results showed that activated carbon has a remarkable adsorption capacity for IBU, and that this capacity is higher when ions are present in the water at concentrations similar to those of soft surface water. Furthermore, the adsorption capacity is not unique to IBU, but can also be applied to a broad spectrum of organic contaminants. UV radiation at adequate intensities can degrade IBU, although complete mineralization is not achieved, generating by-products during the process. On the other hand, when coating the carbon with TiO2 nanoparticles, a reduction in its IBU adsorption capacity was observed, but when irradiating the material with UV light, the photocatalytic effect of the nanoparticles compensates for this decrease. As for E. coli, UV light proved to be a very effective disinfectant. However, the presence of activated carbon can generate a shadowing effect that prevents the correct irradiation of the microorganisms, reducing the removal efficiency as the amount of carbon increases. However, by coating the activated carbon with TiO2 nanoparticles, the photocatalytic effect can compensate for the shadowing effect, increasing the removal efficiency of E. coli. These results show that the synergistic effects between the technologies improve the treatment efficiency, exceeding the results obtained by each technology independently. The findings of this study suggest that the integration of these technologies is not only viable, but also offers a promising solution to improve water quality in rural areas of Colombia. The system's ability to inactivate microorganisms and remove organic contaminants makes it a sustainable alternative, which can be adapted to the needs of communities without access to centralized treatment systems. In addition, the use of chontaduro seeds as raw material for the production of activated carbon contributes to the sustainable approach of the project, prioritizing the objectives of the circular economy.Colombia es una nación con pronunciadas diferencias socioeconómicas, en la que el acceso al agua potable sigue siendo un desafío sin una solución efectiva, especialmente en las zonas rurales. En esta investigación se explora la viabilidad de integrar tres tecnologías no convencionales, a la vanguardia de los avances científicos, para el diseño futuro de un sistema sostenible de tratamiento de agua en punto de uso para comunidades rurales del país. La primera tecnología empleada fue el carbón activado, utilizado principalmente como adsorbente de contaminantes orgánicos presentes en el agua. El carbón activado de esta investigación fue producido de manera sostenible y optimizada a partir de semillas de chontaduro, una biomasa residual abundante localmente, mediante un método de activación física directa con vapor de agua. Se utilizó un diseño factorial y un proceso de optimización multiobjetivo que consideró propiedades clave tanto desde un punto de vista operativo como de sostenibilidad. El carbón activado resultante fue exhaustivamente caracterizado, demostrando propiedades sobresalientes. La segunda tecnología evaluada fue la irradiación con luz ultravioleta (UV) como agente desinfectante, teniendo en cuenta su capacidad para dañar el material genético y membranas celulares de microorganismos patógenos y su capacidad de romper moléculas orgánicas complejas en compuestos más simples. Finalmente, la tercera tecnología integrada fue el uso de nanopartículas fotocatalíticas, particularmente de dióxido de titanio (TiO2), capaces de generar especies reactivas de oxígeno cuando son irradiadas con luz UV. Estas especies tienen la capacidad de mineralizar contaminantes orgánicos y atacar microorganismos patógenos, ofreciendo un mecanismo adicional de purificación del agua. El estudio incluyó la síntesis y caracterización de materiales híbridos, utilizando el carbón activado como matriz de soporte y cubriéndolo con nanopartículas de TiO2 mediante el método sol-gel. Se seleccionó el ibuprofeno (IBU) como contaminante orgánico representativo y Escherichia coli como indicador microbiológico para determinar la efectividad de las tecnologías estudiadas, llevando a cabo experimentos bajo condiciones controladas. Respecto al IBU, los resultados mostraron que el carbón activado tiene una notable capacidad de adsorción de IBU, y que esta capacidad es mayor cuando hay iones presentes en el agua en concentraciones similares a las de aguas superficiales blandas. Además, la capacidad de adsorción no es exclusiva para el IBU, sino que también puede aplicarse a un amplio espectro de contaminantes orgánicos. La radiación UV en intensidades adecuadas puede degradar el IBU, aunque no se alcanza una mineralización completa, generándose subproductos durante el proceso. Por otro lado, al cubrir el carbón con nanopartículas de TiO2 se observó una reducción en su capacidad de adsorción de IBU, pero al irradiar el material con luz UV, el efecto fotocatalítico de las nanopartículas compensa esta disminución. En cuanto a E. coli, la luz UV demostró ser un desinfectante muy eficaz. Sin embargo, la presencia de carbón activado puede generar un efecto sombra que impide la correcta irradiación de los microorganismos, reduciendo la eficiencia de remoción a medida que aumenta la cantidad de carbón. No obstante, al cubrir el carbón activado con nanopartículas, el efecto fotocatalítico logra compensar el efecto sombra, aumentando la eficiencia en la remoción de E. coli. Estos resultados muestran que los efectos sinérgicos entre las tecnologías mejoran la eficacia del tratamiento, superando los resultados obtenidos por cada tecnología de manera independiente. Los hallazgos de este estudio sugieren que la integración de estas tecnologías no solo es viable, sino que también ofrece una solución prometedora para mejorar la calidad del agua en áreas rurales de Colombia. La capacidad del sistema para inactivar microorganismos y remover contaminantes orgánicos hace que sea una alternativa sostenible, la cual puede ser adaptada a las necesidades de comunidades sin acceso a sistemas de tratamiento centralizados. Además, el uso de semillas de chontaduro como materia prima para la producción de carbón activado contribuye al enfoque sostenible del proyecto, priorizando los objetivos de la economía circular.La Colombie est un pays aux disparités socio-économiques prononcées, où l'accès à l'eau potable reste un défi sans solution efficace, en particulier dans les zones rurales. Cette recherche explore la faisabilité de l'intégration de trois technologies non conventionnelles, à la pointe des avancées scientifiques, pour la conception future d'un système durable de traitement de l'eau au point d'utilisation pour les communautés rurales du pays. La première technologie employée est le charbon actif, utilisé principalement comme adsorbant pour les polluants organiques présents dans l'eau. Le charbon actif utilisé dans cette recherche a été produit de manière durable et optimisée à partir de noyaux de chontaduro, un déchet de biomasse localement abondant, en utilisant une méthode d'activation physique directe avec de la vapeur d'eau. Une conception factorielle et un processus d'optimisation multi-objectifs ont été utilisés pour prendre en compte les propriétés clés du point de vue de l'exploitation et de la durabilité. Le charbon actif obtenu a fait l'objet d'une caractérisation approfondie, démontrant des propriétés intéressantes. La deuxième technologie évaluée est l'irradiation par la lumière ultraviolette (UV) comme agent désinfectant, en tenant compte de sa capacité à endommager le matériel génétique et les membranes cellulaires des micro-organismes pathogènes et de sa capacité à décomposer des molécules organiques complexes en composés plus simples. Enfin, la troisième technologie intégrée est l'utilisation de nanoparticules photocatalytiques, en particulier le dioxyde de titane (TiO2), capables de générer des espèces réactives de l'oxygène lorsqu'elles sont irradiées par la lumière UV. Ces espèces ont la capacité de minéraliser les polluants organiques et d'attaquer les micro-organismes pathogènes, offrant ainsi un mécanisme supplémentaire de purification de l'eau. L'étude a porté sur la synthèse et la caractérisation de matériaux hybrides, en utilisant le charbon actif comme matrice de support et en le recouvrant de nanoparticules de TiO2 par la méthode sol-gel. L'ibuprofène (IBU) a été choisi comme polluant organique représentatif et Escherichia coli comme indicateur microbiologique pour déterminer l'efficacité des technologies étudiées, en menant des expériences dans des conditions contrôlées. En ce qui concerne l'IBU, les résultats ont montré que le charbon actif a une capacité d'adsorption remarquable pour l'IBU, et que cette capacité est plus élevée lorsque les ions sont présents dans l'eau à des concentrations similaires à celles des eaux de surface douces. En outre, la capacité d'adsorption n'est pas propre à l'IBU, mais peut également s'appliquer à un large éventail de polluants organiques. L'irradiation UV à des intensités appropriées peut dégrader l'IBU, bien que la minéralisation ne soit pas complète et que des sous-produits soient générés au cours du processus. D'autre part, le revêtement du charbon actif avec des nanoparticules de TiO2 a entraîné une réduction de sa capacité d'adsorption de l'IBU, mais lors de l'irradiation UV, l'effet photocatalytique des nanoparticules compense cette diminution. En ce qui concerne E. coli, la lumière UV s'est révélée être un désinfectant très efficace. Cependant, la présence de charbon actif peut créer un effet d'ombre qui empêche l'irradiation correcte des micro-organismes, réduisant l'efficacité d'élimination à mesure que la quantité de charbon augmente. Néanmoins, en recouvrant le charbon de nanoparticules, l'effet photocatalytique parvient à compenser l'effet d'ombre, augmentant l'efficacité de l'élimination de E. coli. Ces résultats montrent que les effets synergiques entre les technologies améliorent l'efficacité du traitement, dépassant les résultats obtenus par chaque technologie indépendamment. Les résultats de cette étude suggèrent que l'intégration de ces technologies est non seulement faisable, mais qu'elle offre également une solution prometteuse pour améliorer la qualité de l'eau dans les zones rurales de Colombie. La capacité du système à inactiver les micro-organismes et à éliminer les contaminants organiques en fait une alternative durable, qui peut être adaptée aux besoins des communautés qui n'ont pas accès à des systèmes de traitement centralisés. En outre, l'utilisation de graines de chontaduro comme matière première pour la production de charbon actif contribue à l'approche durable du projet, en donnant la priorité aux objectifs de l'économie circulaire.Universidad de los AndesIMT AtlantiqueDoctorado167 páginasapplication/pdfengUniversidad de los AndesDoctorado en IngenieríaFacultad de IngenieríaDepartamento de Ingeniería Civil y AmbientalAttribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 Internationalhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2Integration of UV light, activated carbon and photocatalytic nanomaterial technologies for point-of-use water treatment in rural areas in Colombia: performance assessmentTrabajo de grado - Doctoradoinfo:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesisinfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersionhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_db06Texthttps://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/TDActivated carbonNanotechnologyUV lightAdsorptionPhotocatalysisDisinfectionWater treatmentRural areasEmerging contaminantsEnvironmental sustainabilityIngeniería[1] OECD, OECD Economic Surveys: Colombia 2022. in OECD Economic Surveys: Colombia. 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