Geochemical and sulfur isotopic investigation of black shales from the Paja Formation
The Paja Formation from the Lower Cretaceous period is exposed in the Eastern Cordillera of Colombia. Specifically on the region of Alto Ricaurte in the Department of Boyacá, near Villa de Leyva, in Vereda El Roble, a black shale profile has been sampled and analyzed. Sulfur isotope analysis reveale...
- Autores:
-
Cuéllar Rondón, Katherine
- Tipo de recurso:
- Trabajo de grado de pregrado
- Fecha de publicación:
- 2025
- Institución:
- Universidad de los Andes
- Repositorio:
- Séneca: repositorio Uniandes
- Idioma:
- eng
- OAI Identifier:
- oai:repositorio.uniandes.edu.co:1992/76401
- Acceso en línea:
- https://hdl.handle.net/1992/76401
- Palabra clave:
- Geochemistry
Sulfur isotopes
Paja Formation
Black shales
Cretaceous
Organic carbon
Diagenesis
Oceanic anoxic events
Geociencias
- Rights
- openAccess
- License
- Attribution 4.0 International
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Geochemical and sulfur isotopic investigation of black shales from the Paja Formation |
| title |
Geochemical and sulfur isotopic investigation of black shales from the Paja Formation |
| spellingShingle |
Geochemical and sulfur isotopic investigation of black shales from the Paja Formation Geochemistry Sulfur isotopes Paja Formation Black shales Cretaceous Organic carbon Diagenesis Oceanic anoxic events Geociencias |
| title_short |
Geochemical and sulfur isotopic investigation of black shales from the Paja Formation |
| title_full |
Geochemical and sulfur isotopic investigation of black shales from the Paja Formation |
| title_fullStr |
Geochemical and sulfur isotopic investigation of black shales from the Paja Formation |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Geochemical and sulfur isotopic investigation of black shales from the Paja Formation |
| title_sort |
Geochemical and sulfur isotopic investigation of black shales from the Paja Formation |
| dc.creator.fl_str_mv |
Cuéllar Rondón, Katherine |
| dc.contributor.advisor.none.fl_str_mv |
Eickmann, Benjamin |
| dc.contributor.author.none.fl_str_mv |
Cuéllar Rondón, Katherine |
| dc.contributor.jury.none.fl_str_mv |
Noè, Leslie Francis |
| dc.subject.keyword.none.fl_str_mv |
Geochemistry Sulfur isotopes Paja Formation Black shales Cretaceous Organic carbon Diagenesis Oceanic anoxic events |
| topic |
Geochemistry Sulfur isotopes Paja Formation Black shales Cretaceous Organic carbon Diagenesis Oceanic anoxic events Geociencias |
| dc.subject.themes.none.fl_str_mv |
Geociencias |
| description |
The Paja Formation from the Lower Cretaceous period is exposed in the Eastern Cordillera of Colombia. Specifically on the region of Alto Ricaurte in the Department of Boyacá, near Villa de Leyva, in Vereda El Roble, a black shale profile has been sampled and analyzed. Sulfur isotope analysis revealed δ34SSulfate values ranging from -5‰ to -1‰, significantly lower than typical Cretaceous seawater values, and δ34S Sulfide values ranging from -5‰ to 8‰. These results indicate that the geochemical and isotopic composition of the black shale profile reflects an interplay between paleoenvironmental conditions, and secondary diagenetic processes. Mo/TOC, Fe/Al, TOC/TS, K2O/Al2O3 ratios and high concentrations of V, Cr, Ni, P and Al suggest the Paja Sea was a moderately restricted basin, characterized by intense chemical weathering, weakly to moderately sulfidic bottom waters, and enhanced primary productivity in oxygenated surface waters. Uranium concentrations, along with Th/U and Zr/Ti ratios indicate a dual sediment provenance: weathering from a felsic continental source and input from a mafic volcanic arc setting. The sulfur isotope anomalies are associated to local depositional conditions and post depositional alteration by hydrothermal fluids, evidenced by the presence of gypsum, pyrite, sulfide oxidation and correlations between TOC/ δ13Corg ratios. |
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2025 |
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2025-06-26T20:59:38Z |
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2025-06-26T20:59:38Z |
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2025-06-26 |
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Trabajo de grado - Pregrado |
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info:eu-repo/semantics/bachelorThesis |
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Algeo, T. J., & Lyons, T. W. (2006). Mo-total organic carbon covariation in modern anoxic marine environments: Implications for analysis of paleoredox and paleohydrographic conditions. Paleoceanography, 21(1). https://doi.org/10.1029/2004PA001112 Bergström, J. (2015). Experimental Characterization Techniques. In Mechanics of Solid Polymers (pp. 19–114). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-323-31150-2.00002-9 Berner, R. A., & Raiswel, R. (1983). Burial of organic carbon and pyrite sulfur in sediments over Phanerozoic time: a new theory. (Vol. 47, Issue 5, Pages 855-862, ISSN 0016 7073). https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(83)90151-5. Brumsack, H. J. (2006). The trace metal content of recent organic carbon-rich sediments: Implications for Cretaceous black shale formation. In Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology (Vol. 232, Issues 2–4, pp. 344–361). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2005.05.011 Campos-Alvarez, N. O., & Roser, B. P. (2007). Geochemistry of black shales from the Lower Cretaceous Paja Formation, Eastern Cordillera, Colombia: Source weathering, provenance, and tectonic setting. Journal of South American Earth Sciences, 23(4), 271–289. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsames.2007.02.003 Chen, G., Chang, X., Gang, W., Wang, N., Zhang, P., Cao, Q., & Xu, J. (2020). Anomalous positive pyrite sulfur isotope in lacustrine black shale of the Yanchang Formation, Ordos Basin: Triggered by paleoredox chemistry changes. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 121. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2020.104587 Dang, Y., Li, C., Ye, J., Yang, Y., Wang, S., Zhao, Q., Li, B., Guan, Y., Fan, L., & Shi, X. (2024). Mineralogy and sulfur isotopic compositions of sulfides from Yunzang (25.3°S) hydrothermal field, South Mid-Atlantic Ridge: Implications for formation mechanism and maturation of sulfide chimneys. Ore Geology Reviews, 171. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oregeorev.2024.106187 Gaona-Narvaez, T., Maurrasse, florentin J. M. R., & Etayo-Serna, F. (2013). Geochemistry, palaeoenvironments and timing of Aptian organic-rich: Beds of the Paja Formation (Curiti{dotless}́, Eastern Cordillera, Colombia). Geological Society Special Publication, 382(1), 31–48. https://doi.org/10.1144/SP382.6 Gomes, M. L., Hurtgen, M. T., & Sageman, B. B. (2016). Biogeochemical sulfur cycling during Cretaceous oceanic anoxic events: A comparison of OAE1a and OAE2. Paleoceanography, 31(2), 233–251. https://doi.org/10.1002/2015PA002869 Helz, G. R., & Vorlicek, T. P. (2019). Precipitation of molybdenum from euxinic waters and the role organic of matter. Chemical Geology, 509, 178–193. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2019.02.001 Jenkyns, H. C. (2018). Transient cooling episodes during Cretaceous Oceanic Anoxic Events with special reference to OAE 1a (Early Aptian). In Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences (Vol. 376, Issue 2130). Royal Society Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2017.0073 Kershaw, S. & Guo, L. 2016. Beef and cone–in–cone calcite fibrous ce ments associated with the end–Permian and end–Triassic mass extinctions: Reassessment of processes of formation. Journal of Palaeogeography, 5(1): 28–42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jop.2015.11.003 Kontinen, A., & Hanski, E. (2015). The Talvivaara Black Shale-Hosted Ni-Zn-Cu-Co Deposit in Eastern Finland. In Mineral Deposits of Finland (pp. 557–612). Elsevier Inc. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-410438-9.00022-4 Lyons, T. W., & Severmann, S. (2006). A critical look at iron paleoredox proxies: New insights from modern euxinic marine basins. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 70(23 SPEC. ISS.), 5698–5722. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2006.08.021 Malcolm, S. J. (1985). Early Diagenesis of Molybdenum in Estuarine Sediments, Marine Chemistry, (Vol.16, Issue 3, Pages 213-225, ISSN 0304-4203). https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-4203(85)90062-3. Noè, L.F. & Gómez–Pérez, M. (2020). Plesiosaurs, palaeoenvironments, and the Paja Formation Lagerstätte of central Colombia: An overview. In: Gómez, J. & Pinilla–Pachon, A.O. (editors), The Geology of Colombia, (Vol.2) Mesozoic. Servicio Geológico Colombiano. https://doi.org/10.32685/pub.esp.36.2019.13 Robinson, P. T., Z, Mei-fu., Hu, Xu-Feng., Reynolds, P., Wenji, Bai., & Yang, Jingsui. (1999). Geochemical constraints on the origin of the Hegenshan ophiolite, Inner Mongolia, China. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 17(4), 453–472. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1367 9120(99)00016-4 Rudnick, R.L. and Gao, S. (2014) Composition of the Continental Crust. In: Holland, H.D. and Turekian, K.K., Eds., Treatise on Geochemistry, Elsevier, Oxford, 1-51. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-095975-7.00301-6 Schlanger, S.O. & Jenkyns, Hugh. (1976). Cretaceous Oceanic Anoxic Events: Causes and consequences. Geologie en Mijnbouw. 55. Sharp, Z.D. (2017). Principles of Stable Isotope Geochemistry, 2nd Edition. Chapter 7. Carbon in the Low-Temperature Environment. https://doi.org/10.25844/h9q1-0p82 Streli, C., Wobrauschek, P., & Kregsamer, P. (2017). X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy, applications. In Encyclopedia of Spectroscopy and Spectrometry (pp. 707–715). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-803224-4.00315-0 Strauss, H., & Beukes, N. J. (1996). Carbon and Sulfur Isotopic Compositions of Organic Carbon and Pyrite in Sediments from the Transvaal Supergroup, South Africa. Precambrian Research, (Vol. 79, Issues 1–2, Pages 57-71, ISSN 0301-9268). https://doi.org/10.1016/0301-9268(95)00088-7. Tribovillard, N., Algeo, T. J., Lyons, T., & Riboulleau, A. (2006). Trace metals as paleoredox and paleoproductivity proxies: An update. Chemical Geology, 232(1–2), 12–32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2006.02.012 Wedepohl, K.H., (1971). Environmental influences on the chemical composition of shales and clays. In: Ahrens, L.H., Press, F., Runcorn, S.K., Urey, H.C. (Eds.), Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, vol. 8. Pergamon, Oxford, pp. 305–333. Wichern, N. M. A., Bialik, O. M., Nohl, T., Percival, L. M. E., Becker, R. T., Kaskes, P., Claeys, P., & de Vleeschouwer, D. (2024). Astronomically paced climate and carbon cycle feedbacks in the lead-up to the Late Devonian Kellwasser Crisis. Climate of the Past, 20(2), 415–448. https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-20-415-2024 Wu, S., Peng, B., Wu, N., Xie, S., Yang, X., Fang, X., & Song, Z. (2024). Mobility and environmental impact of cadmium (Cd) during weathering of carbonaceous black shales in western Hunan, China. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 470. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134267 Young, S. A., Loukola-Ruskeeniemi, K., & Pratt, L. M. (2013). Reactions of hydrothermal solutions with organic matter in Paleoproterozoic black shales at Talvivaara, Finland: Evidence from multiple sulfur isotopes. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 367, 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2013.02.004 |
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Eickmann, Benjaminvirtual::24371-1Cuéllar Rondón, KatherineNoè, Leslie Francis2025-06-26T20:59:38Z2025-06-26T20:59:38Z2025-06-26https://hdl.handle.net/1992/76401instname:Universidad de los Andesreponame:Repositorio Institucional Sénecarepourl:https://repositorio.uniandes.edu.co/The Paja Formation from the Lower Cretaceous period is exposed in the Eastern Cordillera of Colombia. Specifically on the region of Alto Ricaurte in the Department of Boyacá, near Villa de Leyva, in Vereda El Roble, a black shale profile has been sampled and analyzed. Sulfur isotope analysis revealed δ34SSulfate values ranging from -5‰ to -1‰, significantly lower than typical Cretaceous seawater values, and δ34S Sulfide values ranging from -5‰ to 8‰. These results indicate that the geochemical and isotopic composition of the black shale profile reflects an interplay between paleoenvironmental conditions, and secondary diagenetic processes. Mo/TOC, Fe/Al, TOC/TS, K2O/Al2O3 ratios and high concentrations of V, Cr, Ni, P and Al suggest the Paja Sea was a moderately restricted basin, characterized by intense chemical weathering, weakly to moderately sulfidic bottom waters, and enhanced primary productivity in oxygenated surface waters. Uranium concentrations, along with Th/U and Zr/Ti ratios indicate a dual sediment provenance: weathering from a felsic continental source and input from a mafic volcanic arc setting. The sulfur isotope anomalies are associated to local depositional conditions and post depositional alteration by hydrothermal fluids, evidenced by the presence of gypsum, pyrite, sulfide oxidation and correlations between TOC/ δ13Corg ratios.Pregrado38 páginasapplication/pdfengUniversidad de los AndesGeocienciasFacultad de CienciasDepartamento de GeocienciasAttribution 4.0 Internationalhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2Geochemical and sulfur isotopic investigation of black shales from the Paja FormationTrabajo de grado - Pregradoinfo:eu-repo/semantics/bachelorThesisinfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersionhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_7a1fTexthttp://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/TPGeochemistrySulfur isotopesPaja FormationBlack shalesCretaceousOrganic carbonDiagenesisOceanic anoxic eventsGeocienciasAlgeo, T. J., & Lyons, T. W. (2006). Mo-total organic carbon covariation in modern anoxic marine environments: Implications for analysis of paleoredox and paleohydrographic conditions. Paleoceanography, 21(1). https://doi.org/10.1029/2004PA001112Bergström, J. (2015). Experimental Characterization Techniques. In Mechanics of Solid Polymers (pp. 19–114). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-323-31150-2.00002-9Berner, R. A., & Raiswel, R. (1983). Burial of organic carbon and pyrite sulfur in sediments over Phanerozoic time: a new theory. (Vol. 47, Issue 5, Pages 855-862, ISSN 0016 7073). https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(83)90151-5.Brumsack, H. J. (2006). The trace metal content of recent organic carbon-rich sediments: Implications for Cretaceous black shale formation. In Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology (Vol. 232, Issues 2–4, pp. 344–361). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2005.05.011Campos-Alvarez, N. O., & Roser, B. P. (2007). Geochemistry of black shales from the Lower Cretaceous Paja Formation, Eastern Cordillera, Colombia: Source weathering, provenance, and tectonic setting. Journal of South American Earth Sciences, 23(4), 271–289. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsames.2007.02.003Chen, G., Chang, X., Gang, W., Wang, N., Zhang, P., Cao, Q., & Xu, J. (2020). Anomalous positive pyrite sulfur isotope in lacustrine black shale of the Yanchang Formation, Ordos Basin: Triggered by paleoredox chemistry changes. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 121. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2020.104587Dang, Y., Li, C., Ye, J., Yang, Y., Wang, S., Zhao, Q., Li, B., Guan, Y., Fan, L., & Shi, X. (2024). Mineralogy and sulfur isotopic compositions of sulfides from Yunzang (25.3°S) hydrothermal field, South Mid-Atlantic Ridge: Implications for formation mechanism and maturation of sulfide chimneys. Ore Geology Reviews, 171. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oregeorev.2024.106187Gaona-Narvaez, T., Maurrasse, florentin J. M. R., & Etayo-Serna, F. (2013). Geochemistry, palaeoenvironments and timing of Aptian organic-rich: Beds of the Paja Formation (Curiti{dotless}́, Eastern Cordillera, Colombia). Geological Society Special Publication, 382(1), 31–48. https://doi.org/10.1144/SP382.6Gomes, M. L., Hurtgen, M. T., & Sageman, B. B. (2016). Biogeochemical sulfur cycling during Cretaceous oceanic anoxic events: A comparison of OAE1a and OAE2. Paleoceanography, 31(2), 233–251. https://doi.org/10.1002/2015PA002869Helz, G. R., & Vorlicek, T. P. (2019). Precipitation of molybdenum from euxinic waters and the role organic of matter. Chemical Geology, 509, 178–193. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2019.02.001Jenkyns, H. C. (2018). Transient cooling episodes during Cretaceous Oceanic Anoxic Events with special reference to OAE 1a (Early Aptian). In Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences (Vol. 376, Issue 2130). Royal Society Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2017.0073Kershaw, S. & Guo, L. 2016. Beef and cone–in–cone calcite fibrous ce ments associated with the end–Permian and end–Triassic mass extinctions: Reassessment of processes of formation. Journal of Palaeogeography, 5(1): 28–42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jop.2015.11.003Kontinen, A., & Hanski, E. (2015). The Talvivaara Black Shale-Hosted Ni-Zn-Cu-Co Deposit in Eastern Finland. In Mineral Deposits of Finland (pp. 557–612). Elsevier Inc. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-410438-9.00022-4Lyons, T. W., & Severmann, S. (2006). A critical look at iron paleoredox proxies: New insights from modern euxinic marine basins. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 70(23 SPEC. ISS.), 5698–5722. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2006.08.021Malcolm, S. J. (1985). Early Diagenesis of Molybdenum in Estuarine Sediments, Marine Chemistry, (Vol.16, Issue 3, Pages 213-225, ISSN 0304-4203). https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-4203(85)90062-3.Noè, L.F. & Gómez–Pérez, M. (2020). Plesiosaurs, palaeoenvironments, and the Paja Formation Lagerstätte of central Colombia: An overview. In: Gómez, J. & Pinilla–Pachon, A.O. (editors), The Geology of Colombia, (Vol.2) Mesozoic. Servicio Geológico Colombiano. https://doi.org/10.32685/pub.esp.36.2019.13Robinson, P. T., Z, Mei-fu., Hu, Xu-Feng., Reynolds, P., Wenji, Bai., & Yang, Jingsui. (1999). Geochemical constraints on the origin of the Hegenshan ophiolite, Inner Mongolia, China. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 17(4), 453–472. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1367 9120(99)00016-4Rudnick, R.L. and Gao, S. (2014) Composition of the Continental Crust. In: Holland, H.D. and Turekian, K.K., Eds., Treatise on Geochemistry, Elsevier, Oxford, 1-51. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-095975-7.00301-6Schlanger, S.O. & Jenkyns, Hugh. (1976). Cretaceous Oceanic Anoxic Events: Causes and consequences. Geologie en Mijnbouw. 55. Sharp, Z.D. (2017). Principles of Stable Isotope Geochemistry, 2nd Edition. Chapter 7. Carbon in the Low-Temperature Environment. https://doi.org/10.25844/h9q1-0p82Streli, C., Wobrauschek, P., & Kregsamer, P. (2017). X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy, applications. In Encyclopedia of Spectroscopy and Spectrometry (pp. 707–715). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-803224-4.00315-0Strauss, H., & Beukes, N. J. (1996). Carbon and Sulfur Isotopic Compositions of Organic Carbon and Pyrite in Sediments from the Transvaal Supergroup, South Africa. Precambrian Research, (Vol. 79, Issues 1–2, Pages 57-71, ISSN 0301-9268). https://doi.org/10.1016/0301-9268(95)00088-7.Tribovillard, N., Algeo, T. J., Lyons, T., & Riboulleau, A. (2006). Trace metals as paleoredox and paleoproductivity proxies: An update. Chemical Geology, 232(1–2), 12–32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2006.02.012Wedepohl, K.H., (1971). Environmental influences on the chemical composition of shales and clays. In: Ahrens, L.H., Press, F., Runcorn, S.K., Urey, H.C. 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