Materiales orientados a la cultura colombiana como estrategia para fomentar la participación activa de los estudiantes a través de competencias de conciencia intercultural
El uso de materiales orientados culturalmente en la enseñanza del inglés como lengua extranjera (EFL) permite a los estudiantes conectar la adquisición de una segunda lengua (L2) con su propio contexto, en lugar de estar expuestos a contenidos que carecen de relevancia personal y social. En la actua...
- Autores:
-
Aguirre Chaves, Vivian Giselle
Cárdenas Vargas, Astrid Karina
Cuellar Tapiero, Luisa Maria
- Tipo de recurso:
- https://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_7a1f
- Fecha de publicación:
- 2025
- Institución:
- Universidad El Bosque
- Repositorio:
- Repositorio U. El Bosque
- Idioma:
- eng
- OAI Identifier:
- oai:repositorio.unbosque.edu.co:20.500.12495/18020
- Acceso en línea:
- https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12495/18020
- Palabra clave:
- Aprendizaje
Competencias para la vida
Compromiso
Cultura
370.1175
Learning
Life competencies
Engagement
Culture
- Rights
- License
- Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International
| id |
UNBOSQUE2_761eda73ba2fdff92aad78a59bc48fa4 |
|---|---|
| oai_identifier_str |
oai:repositorio.unbosque.edu.co:20.500.12495/18020 |
| network_acronym_str |
UNBOSQUE2 |
| network_name_str |
Repositorio U. El Bosque |
| repository_id_str |
|
| dc.title.none.fl_str_mv |
Materiales orientados a la cultura colombiana como estrategia para fomentar la participación activa de los estudiantes a través de competencias de conciencia intercultural |
| dc.title.translated.none.fl_str_mv |
Colombian culturally-oriented materials as a strategy to foster students’ agentic engagement through intercultural awareness competencies |
| title |
Materiales orientados a la cultura colombiana como estrategia para fomentar la participación activa de los estudiantes a través de competencias de conciencia intercultural |
| spellingShingle |
Materiales orientados a la cultura colombiana como estrategia para fomentar la participación activa de los estudiantes a través de competencias de conciencia intercultural Aprendizaje Competencias para la vida Compromiso Cultura 370.1175 Learning Life competencies Engagement Culture |
| title_short |
Materiales orientados a la cultura colombiana como estrategia para fomentar la participación activa de los estudiantes a través de competencias de conciencia intercultural |
| title_full |
Materiales orientados a la cultura colombiana como estrategia para fomentar la participación activa de los estudiantes a través de competencias de conciencia intercultural |
| title_fullStr |
Materiales orientados a la cultura colombiana como estrategia para fomentar la participación activa de los estudiantes a través de competencias de conciencia intercultural |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Materiales orientados a la cultura colombiana como estrategia para fomentar la participación activa de los estudiantes a través de competencias de conciencia intercultural |
| title_sort |
Materiales orientados a la cultura colombiana como estrategia para fomentar la participación activa de los estudiantes a través de competencias de conciencia intercultural |
| dc.creator.fl_str_mv |
Aguirre Chaves, Vivian Giselle Cárdenas Vargas, Astrid Karina Cuellar Tapiero, Luisa Maria |
| dc.contributor.advisor.none.fl_str_mv |
Cadena Aguilar, Roso Freddy |
| dc.contributor.author.none.fl_str_mv |
Aguirre Chaves, Vivian Giselle Cárdenas Vargas, Astrid Karina Cuellar Tapiero, Luisa Maria |
| dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv |
Aprendizaje Competencias para la vida Compromiso Cultura |
| topic |
Aprendizaje Competencias para la vida Compromiso Cultura 370.1175 Learning Life competencies Engagement Culture |
| dc.subject.ddc.none.fl_str_mv |
370.1175 |
| dc.subject.keywords.none.fl_str_mv |
Learning Life competencies Engagement Culture |
| description |
El uso de materiales orientados culturalmente en la enseñanza del inglés como lengua extranjera (EFL) permite a los estudiantes conectar la adquisición de una segunda lengua (L2) con su propio contexto, en lugar de estar expuestos a contenidos que carecen de relevancia personal y social. En la actualidad, los materiales disponibles no están diseñados para promover un aprendizaje significativo a través de temas que reflejen las realidades y antecedentes culturales de los estudiantes. Esta investigación se centró en analizar el efecto de la implementación de materiales orientados a la cultura colombiana en el compromiso de los estudiantes con el aprendizaje del inglés como lengua extranjera, específicamente en estudiantes de noveno grado con un nivel B1 en una institución educativa privada. El estudio siguió un enfoque cualitativo de investigación-acción, y los resultados se recopilaron mediante el análisis de diversos instrumentos, incluyendo pruebas diagnósticas y de logro, diarios de los estudiantes, diarios del docente, listas de verificación y artefactos estudiantiles. Los hallazgos de la implementación sugieren que los materiales orientados a la cultura tuvieron un impacto positivo en el compromiso agente de los estudiantes y en el desarrollo de sus competencias interculturales, lo cual condujo a un proceso de aprendizaje contextual y reflexivo. |
| publishDate |
2025 |
| dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv |
2025-10-30T14:27:22Z |
| dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv |
2025-10 |
| dc.type.coar.fl_str_mv |
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_7a1f |
| dc.type.local.spa.fl_str_mv |
Tesis/Trabajo de grado - Monografía - Pregrado |
| dc.type.coar.none.fl_str_mv |
https://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_7a1f |
| dc.type.driver.none.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/bachelorThesis |
| dc.type.coarversion.none.fl_str_mv |
https://purl.org/coar/version/c_ab4af688f83e57aa |
| format |
https://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_7a1f |
| dc.identifier.uri.none.fl_str_mv |
https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12495/18020 |
| dc.identifier.instname.spa.fl_str_mv |
instname:Universidad El Bosque |
| dc.identifier.reponame.spa.fl_str_mv |
reponame:Repositorio Institucional Universidad El Bosque |
| dc.identifier.repourl.none.fl_str_mv |
repourl:https://repositorio.unbosque.edu.co |
| url |
https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12495/18020 |
| identifier_str_mv |
instname:Universidad El Bosque reponame:Repositorio Institucional Universidad El Bosque repourl:https://repositorio.unbosque.edu.co |
| dc.language.iso.fl_str_mv |
eng |
| language |
eng |
| dc.relation.references.none.fl_str_mv |
Ahmad, S., Wasim, S., Irfan, S., Gogoi, S., Srivastava, A., & Farheen, Z. (2019). Qualitative v/s Quantitative Research. Journal of Evidence Based Medicine and Healthcare, 6, 2828–2832. https://doi.org/10.18410/jebmh/2019/587 Ainley, M. (2012). Students’ interest and engagement in classroom activities. Handbook of Research on Student Engagement, 283–302. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-2018 7_13 Aleksić, D., & Mihelič, K. K. (2022). What Drives Student Engagement? The Role of Learning Goal Orientation, Feeling Envied, and Ethical Climate. Journal of General Social Issues, 31(2), 281–300. https://doi.org/10.5559/di.31.2.05 Alexeeva, D. A., Isaikina, M. A., & Shilova, S. A. (2023). Social Responsibilities as one of the Key Professional Competencies of 21st-century graduates. Russian Journal of Education and Psychology, 14(3), 12. https://doi.org/10.12731/2658-4034-2023-14-3 56-74 Alzahrani, S. M., Almalki, M. S., & Almossa, S. Y. (2022). Conceptualizing life competencies: EFL teachers’ qualitative perspective. Saudi Journal of Language Studies, 2(4), 5–204. https://doi.org/10.1108/sjls-05-2022-0050 Bandura, A. (2020). Social Cognitive Theory: An Agentic Perspective. Psychology: The Journal of the Hellenic Psychological Society, 12(3), 313–333. https://doi.org/10.12681/psy_hps.23964 Barrett, M., Byram, M., Lázár, I., Mompoint-Gaillard, P., Philippou, S. (2014). Developing intercultural competence through education. Council of Europe. Becker, S., Thacker, A. A., Sinclair, A., Dickinson, E. R., Woods, A., & Wiley, C. R. H. 66 (2017). Formative Evaluation of New Hampshire’s Performance Assessment of Competency Education (PACE) Final Report. Bedoya, A., Gordillo, L. H., Romero, L. E., & Stiglich, R. (2015). Colombian Cultural Identity In The Teaching Of English As A Foreign Language. Revistas Científicas de La Universidad de Pamplona, 12(1), 5. https://revistas.unipamplona.edu.co/ojs_viceinves/index.php/OWD/article/viewFile/16 40/661 Bataineh K, B, and Tasnimi M, 2014. Competency-based language teaching. Express, an International Journal of Multi-Disciplinary Research, 1(7), 1-7. Beneitone, P., Esquetini, C., Gonzáles, J., Marty, M., Siufi, G., & Wagenaar, R. (2007). Reflexiones y perspectivas de la Educación Superior en América Latina, Informe Final – Proyecto Tuning. http://tuning.unideusto.org/tuningal www.rug.nl/let/tuningal Betz, N. E., & Hackett, G. (1987). Concept of agency in educational and career development. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 34(3), 299–308. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0167.34.3.299 Boud, D., Keogh, R., & Walker, D. (Eds.). (1985). Reflection: Turning experience into learning. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315059051 Bryman, A. (2012). Social research methods (4th ed.). Oxford University Press. Bryman, M., Gribkova, B., & Starkey, H. (2002). Developing the intercultural dimension in language teaching: A practical introduction for teachers. Language Policy Division, Directorate of School, Out-of-School and Higher Education, Council of Europe., 10. https://rm.coe.int/16802fc1c3 Burns, A. (2009). Action Research in Second Language Teacher Education. Cambridge Guide to Second Language Teacher Education (pp. 289–297). Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781139042710.038 Burns, A. (2015). Action research. In J. D. Brown & C. Coombe (Ed.), The Cambridge Guide to Research in Language Teaching and Learning (pp. 99–104). Cambridge University Press. Byrne, D. (1986). Teaching oral English. Longman Publishing Group. Caena, F. (2019). Developing a European Framework for the Personal, Social & Learning to Learn Key Competence (LifEComp). Publications Office of the European Union. https://doi.org/:10.2760/172528,JRC117987 Cambridge. (2020). The Cambridge Life Competencies Framework Social Responsibilities. https://issuu.com/cambridgeupelt/docs/cambridgelifecompetencies_socialres_192b925 2ba8e8e Castañeda U, M. (2012a). Adolescent Students’ Intercultural Awareness When Using Culture-Based Materials in the English Class. Profile: Issues in Teachers’ Professional Development, 14(1), 29–48. https://revistas.unal.edu.co/index.php/profile/article/view/29054 Castañeda U, M. (2012b). Adolescent Students’ Intercultural Awareness When Using Culture-Based Materials in the English Class. Profile: Issues in Teachers’ Professional Development, 14(1), 29–48. https://revistas.unal.edu.co/index.php/profile/article/view/29054 Chapman, E. (2002). Alternative Approaches to Assessing Student Engagement Rates. 68 Practical Assessment, Research, and Evaluation, 8(1). https://doi.org/10.7275/3E6E 8353 Chomsky, N. (1965). Aspects of the Theory of Syntax (50th ed.). The MIT Press. http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt17kk81z Christenson, S. L., & Reschly, A. L. (2012). Handbook of Research on Student Engagement (S. L. Christenson, A. L. Reschly, & C. Wylie, Eds.). Springer US. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-2018-7 Climént Bonilla, J. (2014). Origin, Development and Decline of Individual Skills in Times of Uncertainty. Educación y Educadores, 17, 4. https://doi.org/10.5294/edu.2014.17.1.8 Corbin, J. M. ., & Strauss, A. L. . (2015). Basics of Qualitative Research: Techniques and Procedures for Developing Grounded Theory. SAGE Publications. Correa Bautista, J. E. (2007). Orígenes y desarrollo conceptual de la categoría de competencia en el contexto educativo. Editorial Universidad del Rosario. https://doi.org/10.48713/10336_3768 Council of Europe. (2020). Common European Framework of Reference for Languages: Learning, teaching, assessment – Companion volume. Council of Europe Publishing, Strasbourg. https://rm.coe.int/common-european-framework-of-reference-for languages-learning-teaching/16809ea0d4 Creswell, J. W. . (2009). Research design : qualitative, quantative and mixed methods approaches. SAGE Publications. Cruse, S. K. (2019). Bringing Culture into the Classroom: The Impact of Culturally 69 Relevant Pedagogy on Student Engagement and Self-Efficacy in Social Studies. Theses and Dissertations. https://scholarcommons.sc.edu/etd/5184 Czerwinski, A. M. (2017). Artifact Selection. SAGE Encyclopedia of Communication Research Methods, 4, 54–59). SAGE Publications. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781483381411.n23 De Vreede, T., Raghavan, M., & De Vreede, G.-J. (2021). Design Foundations for AI Assisted Decision Making: A Self Determination Theory Approach. Proceedings of the Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, 166–175. https://doi.org/10.24251/HICSS.2021.019 Dong, Y., & Liu, S. (2020). An Investigation into Students’ Agentic Engagement in Online English Listening Learning. Journal of Language Teaching and Research, 11(3), 409. https://doi.org/10.17507/jltr.1103.09 Fredricks, J. A., Blumenfeld, P. C., & Paris, A. H. (2004). School Engagement: Potential of the Concept, State of the Evidence. Review of Educational Research, 74(1), 59–109. https://doi.org/10.3102/00346543074001059 Gelling, L. (2015). Qualitative research. Nursing Standard, 29(30), 43–47. https://doi.org/10.7748/ns.29.30.43.e9749 Glaser, B. G., & Strauss, A. L. (2017). Discovery of grounded theory: Strategies for qualitative research. Discovery of Grounded Theory: Strategies for Qualitative Research (1st ed.). Taylor and Francis. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203793206 Harmer, J. (2008). How to Teach English (Second Edition). ELT Journal, 62(3), 313–316. https://doi.org/10.1093/elt/ccn029 70 Ho, B., & Richards, J. (1993). Reflective Thinking Through Teacher Journal Writing: Myths and Realities. Perspectives, 5. International Commission on the Futures of Education. (2021). Reimagining our futures together: a new social contract for education. UNESCO. https://doi.org/10.54675/ASRB4722 Jiang, A. L., & Zhang, L. J. (2021). University Teachers’ Teaching Style and Their Students’ Agentic Engagement in EFL Learning in China: A Self-Determination Theory and Achievement Goal Theory Integrated Perspective. Frontiers in Psychology, 12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.704269 Johnson, E. B. (2002). Contextual teaching and learning: What it is and why it's here to stay. Corwin Press. Jusuf, H. (2018). The Models of Checklist Method in Evaluating ELT Textbooks. http://journal.iaingorontalo.ac.id/index.php/al Kiliçkaya, F. (2004). Authentic Materials and Cultural Content in EFL Classrooms. Online Submission, 10 (7). http://www.metu.edu.tr/~klckay Lamb, S., Maire, Q. & Doecke, E. (2017). Key skills for the 21st Century: An evidence- based review. Centre for International Research on Education (CIRES). Victoria University. http://vuir.vu.edu.au/35865/1/Key-Skills-for-the-21st-Century-Analytical Report.pdf Larsen-Freeman, D., Driver, P., Gao, X., & Mercer, S. (2021). Learner Agency: Maximising Learner Potential. www.oup.com/elt/expert Liu, C. (2016). Cultivation of intercultural awareness in EFL teaching. Journal of Language Teaching and Research, 7(1), 226–232. https://doi.org/10.17507/jltr.0701.26 Mansilla, V., & Jackson, A. (2011). Educating for Global Competence: Preparing Our Youth to Engage the World. www.asiasociety.org/education Martin, J. (1977). The Development and Use of Classroom Observation Instruments. 71 Canadian Journal of Education / Revue Canadienne de l’éducation, 2(3), 43. https://doi.org/10.2307/1494419 McDonough, Jo., Shaw, Christopher., & Masuhara, Hitomi. (2013). Materials and methods in ELT : a teacher’s guide (3rd ed.). Wiley-Blackwell. McKay, S. L. (2004). Teaching English as an International Language: The Role of Culture in Asian Contexts. The Journal of Asia TEFL , 1(1), 1-22. Medley, D. M., & Mitzel, H. E. (1958). A technique for measuring classroom behavior. Journal of Educational Psychology, 49(2), 86–92. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0040378 Miles, M. B., Huberman, A. M., & Jhonny, S. (1986). Qualitative Data Analysis: A Sourcebook of New Methods (Vol. 8). https://doi.org/10.2307/1163741 Ministerio de Educación Nacional (MEN). (2006). Estándares Básicos de Competencias en Lenguaje, Matemáticas, Ciencias y Ciudadanas. Montenegro, A. (2017). Understanding the Concept of Agentic Engagement. Colombian Applied Linguistics Journal, 19(1), 117. https://doi.org/10.14483/calj.v19n1.10472 Novita, D., & Purwati, O. (2021). Incorporating culture and textbook adaptation practice for promoting intercultural competence in ELT: Teachers’ perspectives. JEES (Journal of English Educators Society), 6(1), 96–104. https://jees.umsida.ac.id/index.php/jees/article/view/1059 Olsen, P. (2019). Enhancing Agentic Learning [Sabbatical report]. St Kevin’s College. 72 https://www.educationalleaders.govt.nz/Leadership-development/Principals-sabbatical reports/Secondary-award-recipients-2019/ Orozco, C., & Esther, Y. (2020). Task-based approach of language teaching. Universidad Nacional de Educación Enrique Guzmán y Valle. https://repositorio.une.edu.pe/handle/20.500.14039/5159 Patall, E. A., & Zambrano, J. (2019). Facilitating Student Outcomes by Supporting Autonomy: Implications for Practice and Policy. Policy Insights from the Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 6(2), 115–122. https://doi.org/10.1177/2372732219862572 Patton, M. Q. (2005). Qualitative Research. In Encyclopedia of Statistics in Behavioral Science. Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1002/0470013192.bsa514 Pineda-Báez, C., Henning, C., & Vargas, A. (2019). Supporting student cognitive and agentic engagement: Students’ voices. International Journal of Educational Research, 96, 81–90. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijer.2019.05.003 Pinilla Roa, A. E. (2010). Competencias en educación universitaria. Asociación Colombiana Para La Investigación En Educación En Ciencias y Tecnología EDUCy, 2, 1-15 Rajala, A., Martin, J., & Kumpulainen, K. (2016). Agency and learning: Researching agency in educational interactions. Learning, Culture and Social Interaction, 10, 1-3. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lcsi.2016.07.001 Reeve, J. (2012). A self-determination theory perspective on student engagement. In Handbook of research on student engagement (pp. 149-172). Boston, MA: Springer US. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-2018-7_7 Reeve, J. (2013a). How students create motivationally supportive learning environments for themselves: The concept of agentic engagement. Journal of Educational Psychology, 105(3). https://doi.org/10.1037/a0032690 73 Reeve, J. (2013b). How students create motivationally supportive learning environments for themselves: The concept of agentic engagement. Journal of Educational Psychology, 105(3), 579–595. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0032690 Reeve, J., Jang, H., Carrell, D., Jeon, S., & Barch, J. (2004). Enhancing Students’ Engagement by Increasing Teachers’ Autonomy Support. Motivation and Emotion, 28(2), 147–169. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:MOEM.0000032312.95499.6f Reeve, J., & Tseng, C.-M. (2011). Agency as a fourth aspect of students’ engagement during learning activities. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 36(4), 257–267. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cedpsych.2011.05.002 Richards, J. C. (2006). Communicative language teaching today. Cambridge University Press. Rogers, C. (n.d.). What is Cultural Awareness? The Importance of Becoming Culturally Sensitive and Aware | Evolve Communities Pty Ltd. Retrieved August 24, 2025, from https://www.evolves.com.au/what-is-cultural-awareness/ Şahín, M. G., Yildirm, Y., & Boztunc, N. (2023). Examining the Achievement Test Development Process in the Educational Studies. Participatory Educational Research, 10(1), 251–274. https://doi.org/10.17275/per.23.14.10.1 Sánchez Carreño, J., & Pérez Rodríguez, C. (2011). Hacia un currículo transdisciplinario: una mirada desde el pensamiento complejo. Revista de Teoría y Didáctica de las Ciencias Sociales, (17), 143-164. https://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=65221619010 Santander Caicedo, B. R. (2022). The impact of authentic materials on rural secondary English learners [Undergraduate thesis, Universidad Icesi]. Repositorio Institucional Universidad Icesi. http://hdl.handle.net/10906/95218 Scott, C. L. (2015). The Futures of learning 2: What kind of learning for the 21st century? (Education Research and Foresight Working Papers, No. 14). UNESCO. https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000242996 Soini, M., Liukkonen, J., Watt, A., Yli-Piipari, S., & Jaakkola, T. (2014). Factorial validity and internal consistency of the motivational climate in physical education scale. Journal of sports science & medicine, 13(1), 137. Tomlinson, B. (n.d.). Materials development in language teaching. Cambridge University Press. Tous, M. D., & Haghighi, S. (2013). The effect of teaching culturally-oriented materials on the listening comprehension of Iranian EFL learners. Modern Journal of Language Teaching Methods, 3(4), 64. United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF). (2019). Comprehensive Life Skills Framework. https://www.unicef.org/india/reports/comprehensive-life-skills-framework United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF). (2020). Comprehensive Life Skills Framework Rights based and life cycle approach to building skills for empowerment. https://www.unicef.org/india/media/2571/file/Comprehensive-lifeskillsframework.pdf Vargas, A., & Romero, P. X. (2023). Authentic Materials And Task Design: A Teaching Amalgam. Colombian Applied Linguistics Journal, 25(1), 118–131. https://doi.org/10.14483/22487085.18581 Waugh, C., & Gronlund, N. E. (2013). Assessment of Student Achievement (13th ed.). Pearson. |
| dc.rights.en.fl_str_mv |
Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International |
| dc.rights.coar.fl_str_mv |
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2 |
| dc.rights.uri.none.fl_str_mv |
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ |
| dc.rights.local.spa.fl_str_mv |
Acceso abierto |
| dc.rights.accessrights.none.fl_str_mv |
https://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2 |
| rights_invalid_str_mv |
Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ Acceso abierto https://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2 http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2 |
| dc.format.mimetype.none.fl_str_mv |
application/pdf |
| dc.publisher.program.spa.fl_str_mv |
Licenciatura en Bilingüismo con Énfasis en la Enseñanza del Inglés |
| dc.publisher.grantor.spa.fl_str_mv |
Universidad El Bosque |
| dc.publisher.faculty.spa.fl_str_mv |
Facultad de Educación |
| institution |
Universidad El Bosque |
| bitstream.url.fl_str_mv |
https://repositorio.unbosque.edu.co/bitstreams/cfe82e39-2357-4084-b5f7-253842c77eca/download https://repositorio.unbosque.edu.co/bitstreams/b3fb0707-c26f-4fbc-9909-249f38a725f5/download https://repositorio.unbosque.edu.co/bitstreams/59390806-7d34-4c9a-8153-dee2b193aed5/download https://repositorio.unbosque.edu.co/bitstreams/98e6a93b-040f-4c4c-acea-de53f91dbe1a/download https://repositorio.unbosque.edu.co/bitstreams/576ff2e0-2a9f-49f3-8a6a-5f5b1271363e/download |
| bitstream.checksum.fl_str_mv |
21affb2b4612efd0da3008ccf7601611 f06af22bfd8636c5201352007ffedf36 4e323f5d23013eae97793335e1f8180b e0ee4145e957635a236c62dc874aeb28 69c7d1fea1b67f73a10c194afeb39b1b |
| bitstream.checksumAlgorithm.fl_str_mv |
MD5 MD5 MD5 MD5 MD5 |
| repository.name.fl_str_mv |
Repositorio Institucional Universidad El Bosque |
| repository.mail.fl_str_mv |
bibliotecas@biteca.com |
| _version_ |
1849967118320140288 |
| spelling |
Cadena Aguilar, Roso FreddyAguirre Chaves, Vivian GiselleCárdenas Vargas, Astrid KarinaCuellar Tapiero, Luisa Maria2025-10-30T14:27:22Z2025-10https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12495/18020instname:Universidad El Bosquereponame:Repositorio Institucional Universidad El Bosquerepourl:https://repositorio.unbosque.edu.coEl uso de materiales orientados culturalmente en la enseñanza del inglés como lengua extranjera (EFL) permite a los estudiantes conectar la adquisición de una segunda lengua (L2) con su propio contexto, en lugar de estar expuestos a contenidos que carecen de relevancia personal y social. En la actualidad, los materiales disponibles no están diseñados para promover un aprendizaje significativo a través de temas que reflejen las realidades y antecedentes culturales de los estudiantes. Esta investigación se centró en analizar el efecto de la implementación de materiales orientados a la cultura colombiana en el compromiso de los estudiantes con el aprendizaje del inglés como lengua extranjera, específicamente en estudiantes de noveno grado con un nivel B1 en una institución educativa privada. El estudio siguió un enfoque cualitativo de investigación-acción, y los resultados se recopilaron mediante el análisis de diversos instrumentos, incluyendo pruebas diagnósticas y de logro, diarios de los estudiantes, diarios del docente, listas de verificación y artefactos estudiantiles. Los hallazgos de la implementación sugieren que los materiales orientados a la cultura tuvieron un impacto positivo en el compromiso agente de los estudiantes y en el desarrollo de sus competencias interculturales, lo cual condujo a un proceso de aprendizaje contextual y reflexivo.PregradoLicenciado en Bilingüismo con Énfasis en la Enseñanza del InglésCulturally-oriented materials in EFL allow students to connect their L2 learning with their context, rather than being exposed to content that lacks personal and social relevance. Nowadays, the available materials are not designed to promote meaningful learning through topics that reflect students’ realities and cultural backgrounds. This research focused on analyzing the effect of implementing Colombian culturally-oriented materials on students' engagement in EFL learning for ninth graders with a B1 level at a private school. This study followed a qualitative action research approach, and the results were gathered through the analysis of different instruments that included diagnostic and achievement tests, students’ journals, teachers’ journals, checklist, and students’ artifacts. The findings of the implementation suggested that culturally-oriented materials had positive impact on students’ agentic engagement and in their intercultural competencies which led to a contextual and reflective learning process.application/pdfAttribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 Internationalhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/Acceso abiertohttps://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2AprendizajeCompetencias para la vidaCompromisoCultura370.1175LearningLife competenciesEngagementCultureMateriales orientados a la cultura colombiana como estrategia para fomentar la participación activa de los estudiantes a través de competencias de conciencia interculturalColombian culturally-oriented materials as a strategy to foster students’ agentic engagement through intercultural awareness competenciesLicenciatura en Bilingüismo con Énfasis en la Enseñanza del InglésUniversidad El BosqueFacultad de EducaciónTesis/Trabajo de grado - Monografía - Pregradohttps://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_7a1fhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_7a1finfo:eu-repo/semantics/bachelorThesishttps://purl.org/coar/version/c_ab4af688f83e57aaAhmad, S., Wasim, S., Irfan, S., Gogoi, S., Srivastava, A., & Farheen, Z. (2019). Qualitative v/s Quantitative Research. Journal of Evidence Based Medicine and Healthcare, 6, 2828–2832. https://doi.org/10.18410/jebmh/2019/587Ainley, M. (2012). Students’ interest and engagement in classroom activities. Handbook of Research on Student Engagement, 283–302. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-2018 7_13Aleksić, D., & Mihelič, K. K. (2022). What Drives Student Engagement? The Role of Learning Goal Orientation, Feeling Envied, and Ethical Climate. Journal of General Social Issues, 31(2), 281–300. https://doi.org/10.5559/di.31.2.05Alexeeva, D. A., Isaikina, M. A., & Shilova, S. A. (2023). Social Responsibilities as one of the Key Professional Competencies of 21st-century graduates. Russian Journal of Education and Psychology, 14(3), 12. https://doi.org/10.12731/2658-4034-2023-14-3 56-74Alzahrani, S. M., Almalki, M. S., & Almossa, S. Y. (2022). Conceptualizing life competencies: EFL teachers’ qualitative perspective. Saudi Journal of Language Studies, 2(4), 5–204. https://doi.org/10.1108/sjls-05-2022-0050Bandura, A. (2020). Social Cognitive Theory: An Agentic Perspective. Psychology: The Journal of the Hellenic Psychological Society, 12(3), 313–333. https://doi.org/10.12681/psy_hps.23964Barrett, M., Byram, M., Lázár, I., Mompoint-Gaillard, P., Philippou, S. (2014). Developing intercultural competence through education. Council of Europe.Becker, S., Thacker, A. A., Sinclair, A., Dickinson, E. R., Woods, A., & Wiley, C. R. H. 66 (2017). Formative Evaluation of New Hampshire’s Performance Assessment of Competency Education (PACE) Final Report.Bedoya, A., Gordillo, L. H., Romero, L. E., & Stiglich, R. (2015). Colombian Cultural Identity In The Teaching Of English As A Foreign Language. Revistas Científicas de La Universidad de Pamplona, 12(1), 5. https://revistas.unipamplona.edu.co/ojs_viceinves/index.php/OWD/article/viewFile/16 40/661Bataineh K, B, and Tasnimi M, 2014. Competency-based language teaching. Express, an International Journal of Multi-Disciplinary Research, 1(7), 1-7.Beneitone, P., Esquetini, C., Gonzáles, J., Marty, M., Siufi, G., & Wagenaar, R. (2007). Reflexiones y perspectivas de la Educación Superior en América Latina, Informe Final – Proyecto Tuning. http://tuning.unideusto.org/tuningal www.rug.nl/let/tuningalBetz, N. E., & Hackett, G. (1987). Concept of agency in educational and career development. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 34(3), 299–308. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0167.34.3.299Boud, D., Keogh, R., & Walker, D. (Eds.). (1985). Reflection: Turning experience into learning. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315059051Bryman, A. (2012). Social research methods (4th ed.). Oxford University Press.Bryman, M., Gribkova, B., & Starkey, H. (2002). Developing the intercultural dimension in language teaching: A practical introduction for teachers. Language Policy Division, Directorate of School, Out-of-School and Higher Education, Council of Europe., 10. https://rm.coe.int/16802fc1c3Burns, A. (2009). Action Research in Second Language Teacher Education. Cambridge Guide to Second Language Teacher Education (pp. 289–297). Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781139042710.038Burns, A. (2015). Action research. In J. D. Brown & C. Coombe (Ed.), The Cambridge Guide to Research in Language Teaching and Learning (pp. 99–104). Cambridge University Press.Byrne, D. (1986). Teaching oral English. Longman Publishing Group.Caena, F. (2019). Developing a European Framework for the Personal, Social & Learning to Learn Key Competence (LifEComp). Publications Office of the European Union. https://doi.org/:10.2760/172528,JRC117987Cambridge. (2020). The Cambridge Life Competencies Framework Social Responsibilities. https://issuu.com/cambridgeupelt/docs/cambridgelifecompetencies_socialres_192b925 2ba8e8eCastañeda U, M. (2012a). Adolescent Students’ Intercultural Awareness When Using Culture-Based Materials in the English Class. Profile: Issues in Teachers’ Professional Development, 14(1), 29–48. https://revistas.unal.edu.co/index.php/profile/article/view/29054Castañeda U, M. (2012b). Adolescent Students’ Intercultural Awareness When Using Culture-Based Materials in the English Class. Profile: Issues in Teachers’ Professional Development, 14(1), 29–48. https://revistas.unal.edu.co/index.php/profile/article/view/29054Chapman, E. (2002). Alternative Approaches to Assessing Student Engagement Rates. 68 Practical Assessment, Research, and Evaluation, 8(1). https://doi.org/10.7275/3E6E 8353Chomsky, N. (1965). Aspects of the Theory of Syntax (50th ed.). The MIT Press. http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt17kk81zChristenson, S. L., & Reschly, A. L. (2012). Handbook of Research on Student Engagement (S. L. Christenson, A. L. Reschly, & C. Wylie, Eds.). Springer US. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-2018-7Climént Bonilla, J. (2014). Origin, Development and Decline of Individual Skills in Times of Uncertainty. Educación y Educadores, 17, 4. https://doi.org/10.5294/edu.2014.17.1.8Corbin, J. M. ., & Strauss, A. L. . (2015). Basics of Qualitative Research: Techniques and Procedures for Developing Grounded Theory. SAGE Publications.Correa Bautista, J. E. (2007). Orígenes y desarrollo conceptual de la categoría de competencia en el contexto educativo. Editorial Universidad del Rosario. https://doi.org/10.48713/10336_3768Council of Europe. (2020). Common European Framework of Reference for Languages: Learning, teaching, assessment – Companion volume. Council of Europe Publishing, Strasbourg. https://rm.coe.int/common-european-framework-of-reference-for languages-learning-teaching/16809ea0d4Creswell, J. W. . (2009). Research design : qualitative, quantative and mixed methods approaches. SAGE Publications.Cruse, S. K. (2019). Bringing Culture into the Classroom: The Impact of Culturally 69 Relevant Pedagogy on Student Engagement and Self-Efficacy in Social Studies. Theses and Dissertations. https://scholarcommons.sc.edu/etd/5184Czerwinski, A. M. (2017). Artifact Selection. SAGE Encyclopedia of Communication Research Methods, 4, 54–59). SAGE Publications. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781483381411.n23De Vreede, T., Raghavan, M., & De Vreede, G.-J. (2021). Design Foundations for AI Assisted Decision Making: A Self Determination Theory Approach. Proceedings of the Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, 166–175. https://doi.org/10.24251/HICSS.2021.019Dong, Y., & Liu, S. (2020). An Investigation into Students’ Agentic Engagement in Online English Listening Learning. Journal of Language Teaching and Research, 11(3), 409. https://doi.org/10.17507/jltr.1103.09Fredricks, J. A., Blumenfeld, P. C., & Paris, A. H. (2004). School Engagement: Potential of the Concept, State of the Evidence. Review of Educational Research, 74(1), 59–109. https://doi.org/10.3102/00346543074001059Gelling, L. (2015). Qualitative research. Nursing Standard, 29(30), 43–47. https://doi.org/10.7748/ns.29.30.43.e9749Glaser, B. G., & Strauss, A. L. (2017). Discovery of grounded theory: Strategies for qualitative research. Discovery of Grounded Theory: Strategies for Qualitative Research (1st ed.). Taylor and Francis. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203793206Harmer, J. (2008). How to Teach English (Second Edition). ELT Journal, 62(3), 313–316. https://doi.org/10.1093/elt/ccn029 70Ho, B., & Richards, J. (1993). Reflective Thinking Through Teacher Journal Writing: Myths and Realities. Perspectives, 5.International Commission on the Futures of Education. (2021). Reimagining our futures together: a new social contract for education. UNESCO. https://doi.org/10.54675/ASRB4722Jiang, A. L., & Zhang, L. J. (2021). University Teachers’ Teaching Style and Their Students’ Agentic Engagement in EFL Learning in China: A Self-Determination Theory and Achievement Goal Theory Integrated Perspective. Frontiers in Psychology, 12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.704269Johnson, E. B. (2002). Contextual teaching and learning: What it is and why it's here to stay. Corwin Press.Jusuf, H. (2018). The Models of Checklist Method in Evaluating ELT Textbooks. http://journal.iaingorontalo.ac.id/index.php/alKiliçkaya, F. (2004). Authentic Materials and Cultural Content in EFL Classrooms. Online Submission, 10 (7). http://www.metu.edu.tr/~klckayLamb, S., Maire, Q. & Doecke, E. (2017). Key skills for the 21st Century: An evidence- based review. Centre for International Research on Education (CIRES). Victoria University. http://vuir.vu.edu.au/35865/1/Key-Skills-for-the-21st-Century-Analytical Report.pdfLarsen-Freeman, D., Driver, P., Gao, X., & Mercer, S. (2021). Learner Agency: Maximising Learner Potential. www.oup.com/elt/expertLiu, C. (2016). Cultivation of intercultural awareness in EFL teaching. Journal of Language Teaching and Research, 7(1), 226–232. https://doi.org/10.17507/jltr.0701.26Mansilla, V., & Jackson, A. (2011). Educating for Global Competence: Preparing Our Youth to Engage the World. www.asiasociety.org/educationMartin, J. (1977). The Development and Use of Classroom Observation Instruments. 71 Canadian Journal of Education / Revue Canadienne de l’éducation, 2(3), 43. https://doi.org/10.2307/1494419McDonough, Jo., Shaw, Christopher., & Masuhara, Hitomi. (2013). Materials and methods in ELT : a teacher’s guide (3rd ed.). Wiley-Blackwell.McKay, S. L. (2004). Teaching English as an International Language: The Role of Culture in Asian Contexts. The Journal of Asia TEFL , 1(1), 1-22.Medley, D. M., & Mitzel, H. E. (1958). A technique for measuring classroom behavior. Journal of Educational Psychology, 49(2), 86–92. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0040378Miles, M. B., Huberman, A. M., & Jhonny, S. (1986). Qualitative Data Analysis: A Sourcebook of New Methods (Vol. 8). https://doi.org/10.2307/1163741Ministerio de Educación Nacional (MEN). (2006). Estándares Básicos de Competencias en Lenguaje, Matemáticas, Ciencias y Ciudadanas.Montenegro, A. (2017). Understanding the Concept of Agentic Engagement. Colombian Applied Linguistics Journal, 19(1), 117. https://doi.org/10.14483/calj.v19n1.10472Novita, D., & Purwati, O. (2021). Incorporating culture and textbook adaptation practice for promoting intercultural competence in ELT: Teachers’ perspectives. JEES (Journal of English Educators Society), 6(1), 96–104. https://jees.umsida.ac.id/index.php/jees/article/view/1059Olsen, P. (2019). Enhancing Agentic Learning [Sabbatical report]. St Kevin’s College. 72 https://www.educationalleaders.govt.nz/Leadership-development/Principals-sabbatical reports/Secondary-award-recipients-2019/Orozco, C., & Esther, Y. (2020). Task-based approach of language teaching. Universidad Nacional de Educación Enrique Guzmán y Valle. https://repositorio.une.edu.pe/handle/20.500.14039/5159Patall, E. A., & Zambrano, J. (2019). Facilitating Student Outcomes by Supporting Autonomy: Implications for Practice and Policy. Policy Insights from the Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 6(2), 115–122. https://doi.org/10.1177/2372732219862572Patton, M. Q. (2005). Qualitative Research. In Encyclopedia of Statistics in Behavioral Science. Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1002/0470013192.bsa514Pineda-Báez, C., Henning, C., & Vargas, A. (2019). Supporting student cognitive and agentic engagement: Students’ voices. International Journal of Educational Research, 96, 81–90. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijer.2019.05.003Pinilla Roa, A. E. (2010). Competencias en educación universitaria. Asociación Colombiana Para La Investigación En Educación En Ciencias y Tecnología EDUCy, 2, 1-15Rajala, A., Martin, J., & Kumpulainen, K. (2016). Agency and learning: Researching agency in educational interactions. Learning, Culture and Social Interaction, 10, 1-3. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lcsi.2016.07.001Reeve, J. (2012). A self-determination theory perspective on student engagement. In Handbook of research on student engagement (pp. 149-172). Boston, MA: Springer US. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-2018-7_7Reeve, J. (2013a). How students create motivationally supportive learning environments for themselves: The concept of agentic engagement. Journal of Educational Psychology, 105(3). https://doi.org/10.1037/a0032690 73Reeve, J. (2013b). How students create motivationally supportive learning environments for themselves: The concept of agentic engagement. Journal of Educational Psychology, 105(3), 579–595. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0032690Reeve, J., Jang, H., Carrell, D., Jeon, S., & Barch, J. (2004). Enhancing Students’ Engagement by Increasing Teachers’ Autonomy Support. Motivation and Emotion, 28(2), 147–169. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:MOEM.0000032312.95499.6fReeve, J., & Tseng, C.-M. (2011). Agency as a fourth aspect of students’ engagement during learning activities. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 36(4), 257–267. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cedpsych.2011.05.002Richards, J. C. (2006). Communicative language teaching today. Cambridge University Press.Rogers, C. (n.d.). What is Cultural Awareness? The Importance of Becoming Culturally Sensitive and Aware | Evolve Communities Pty Ltd. Retrieved August 24, 2025, from https://www.evolves.com.au/what-is-cultural-awareness/Şahín, M. G., Yildirm, Y., & Boztunc, N. (2023). Examining the Achievement Test Development Process in the Educational Studies. Participatory Educational Research, 10(1), 251–274. https://doi.org/10.17275/per.23.14.10.1Sánchez Carreño, J., & Pérez Rodríguez, C. (2011). Hacia un currículo transdisciplinario: una mirada desde el pensamiento complejo. Revista de Teoría y Didáctica de las Ciencias Sociales, (17), 143-164. https://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=65221619010Santander Caicedo, B. R. (2022). The impact of authentic materials on rural secondary English learners [Undergraduate thesis, Universidad Icesi]. Repositorio Institucional Universidad Icesi. http://hdl.handle.net/10906/95218Scott, C. L. (2015). The Futures of learning 2: What kind of learning for the 21st century? (Education Research and Foresight Working Papers, No. 14). UNESCO. https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000242996Soini, M., Liukkonen, J., Watt, A., Yli-Piipari, S., & Jaakkola, T. (2014). Factorial validity and internal consistency of the motivational climate in physical education scale. Journal of sports science & medicine, 13(1), 137.Tomlinson, B. (n.d.). Materials development in language teaching. Cambridge University Press.Tous, M. D., & Haghighi, S. (2013). The effect of teaching culturally-oriented materials on the listening comprehension of Iranian EFL learners. Modern Journal of Language Teaching Methods, 3(4), 64.United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF). (2019). Comprehensive Life Skills Framework. https://www.unicef.org/india/reports/comprehensive-life-skills-frameworkUnited Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF). (2020). Comprehensive Life Skills Framework Rights based and life cycle approach to building skills for empowerment. https://www.unicef.org/india/media/2571/file/Comprehensive-lifeskillsframework.pdfVargas, A., & Romero, P. X. (2023). Authentic Materials And Task Design: A Teaching Amalgam. Colombian Applied Linguistics Journal, 25(1), 118–131. https://doi.org/10.14483/22487085.18581Waugh, C., & Gronlund, N. E. (2013). Assessment of Student Achievement (13th ed.). Pearson.engORIGINALTrabajo de grado.pdfTrabajo de grado.pdfapplication/pdf678907https://repositorio.unbosque.edu.co/bitstreams/cfe82e39-2357-4084-b5f7-253842c77eca/download21affb2b4612efd0da3008ccf7601611MD55trueAnonymousREADLICENSElicense.txtlicense.txttext/plain; charset=utf-82109https://repositorio.unbosque.edu.co/bitstreams/b3fb0707-c26f-4fbc-9909-249f38a725f5/downloadf06af22bfd8636c5201352007ffedf36MD52falseAnonymousREADCarta de autorizacion.pdfapplication/pdf216355https://repositorio.unbosque.edu.co/bitstreams/59390806-7d34-4c9a-8153-dee2b193aed5/download4e323f5d23013eae97793335e1f8180bMD57falseBiblioteca - (Publicadores)READAnexo 1 Acta de aprobacion.pdfapplication/pdf303056https://repositorio.unbosque.edu.co/bitstreams/98e6a93b-040f-4c4c-acea-de53f91dbe1a/downloade0ee4145e957635a236c62dc874aeb28MD58falseBiblioteca - (Publicadores)READCC-LICENSElicense_rdflicense_rdfapplication/rdf+xml; charset=utf-81161https://repositorio.unbosque.edu.co/bitstreams/576ff2e0-2a9f-49f3-8a6a-5f5b1271363e/download69c7d1fea1b67f73a10c194afeb39b1bMD56falseAnonymousREAD20.500.12495/18020oai:repositorio.unbosque.edu.co:20.500.12495/180202025-10-30T14:29:36.825696Zhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 Internationalopen.accesshttps://repositorio.unbosque.edu.coRepositorio Institucional Universidad El Bosquebibliotecas@biteca.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 |
