Boosting Oral Fluency in ADHD EFL Learners The Impact of Reward Systems on Participation and Progress
Los estudiantes con Trastorno por Déficit de Atención e Hiperactividad (TDAH, en adelante) tienden a tener diferentes problemas en la vida de estudio (e.g., lidiando para completar las tareas a tiempo), mientras que también tienen un proceso más difícil probablemente cuando se trata de fluidez en el...
- Autores:
-
Ducuara Luna, Gabriela
Franco Castiblanco, Maria Alejandra
Correa Sánchez, Natalia
Gil Parra, Andrés Felipe
- Tipo de recurso:
- https://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_7a1f
- Fecha de publicación:
- 2025
- Institución:
- Universidad El Bosque
- Repositorio:
- Repositorio U. El Bosque
- Idioma:
- eng
spa
- OAI Identifier:
- oai:repositorio.unbosque.edu.co:20.500.12495/18025
- Acceso en línea:
- https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12495/18025
- Palabra clave:
- Capacidad de atención
Gamificación
Habilidades de fluidez
Inglés como lengua extranjera
Trastorno por déficit de atención e hiperactividad
370.1175
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Attention span
English as a Foreign Language
Fluency skills
Gamification
- Rights
- License
- Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International
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Boosting Oral Fluency in ADHD EFL Learners The Impact of Reward Systems on Participation and Progress |
| dc.title.translated.none.fl_str_mv |
Mejorando la fluidez oral en estudiantes de inglés como lengua extranjera con TDAH El impacto de los sistemas de recompensa en la participación y el progreso |
| title |
Boosting Oral Fluency in ADHD EFL Learners The Impact of Reward Systems on Participation and Progress |
| spellingShingle |
Boosting Oral Fluency in ADHD EFL Learners The Impact of Reward Systems on Participation and Progress Capacidad de atención Gamificación Habilidades de fluidez Inglés como lengua extranjera Trastorno por déficit de atención e hiperactividad 370.1175 Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Attention span English as a Foreign Language Fluency skills Gamification |
| title_short |
Boosting Oral Fluency in ADHD EFL Learners The Impact of Reward Systems on Participation and Progress |
| title_full |
Boosting Oral Fluency in ADHD EFL Learners The Impact of Reward Systems on Participation and Progress |
| title_fullStr |
Boosting Oral Fluency in ADHD EFL Learners The Impact of Reward Systems on Participation and Progress |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Boosting Oral Fluency in ADHD EFL Learners The Impact of Reward Systems on Participation and Progress |
| title_sort |
Boosting Oral Fluency in ADHD EFL Learners The Impact of Reward Systems on Participation and Progress |
| dc.creator.fl_str_mv |
Ducuara Luna, Gabriela Franco Castiblanco, Maria Alejandra Correa Sánchez, Natalia Gil Parra, Andrés Felipe |
| dc.contributor.advisor.none.fl_str_mv |
Cadena Aguilar, Roso Freddy |
| dc.contributor.author.none.fl_str_mv |
Ducuara Luna, Gabriela Franco Castiblanco, Maria Alejandra Correa Sánchez, Natalia Gil Parra, Andrés Felipe |
| dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv |
Capacidad de atención Gamificación Habilidades de fluidez Inglés como lengua extranjera Trastorno por déficit de atención e hiperactividad |
| topic |
Capacidad de atención Gamificación Habilidades de fluidez Inglés como lengua extranjera Trastorno por déficit de atención e hiperactividad 370.1175 Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Attention span English as a Foreign Language Fluency skills Gamification |
| dc.subject.ddc.none.fl_str_mv |
370.1175 |
| dc.subject.keywords.none.fl_str_mv |
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Attention span English as a Foreign Language Fluency skills Gamification |
| description |
Los estudiantes con Trastorno por Déficit de Atención e Hiperactividad (TDAH, en adelante) tienden a tener diferentes problemas en la vida de estudio (e.g., lidiando para completar las tareas a tiempo), mientras que también tienen un proceso más difícil probablemente cuando se trata de fluidez en el inglés como lengua extranjera (EFL) actividades en el aula o interacciones. Esta situación particular se debe a que su capacidad de atención es mucho más limitada que la de sus compañeros de clase. Específicamente, para este proyecto los participantes fueron estudiantes de nivel básico de 6 a 10 años, y un tamaño de clase de 7 en el Norte de Bogotá. Este estudio exploró la influencia de las recompensas de gamificación, destinadas a impulsar la fluidez oral, en retos específicos a los que se enfrentan los jóvenes con TDAH. Para esta investigación, utilizamos un enfoque cualitativo y un diseño de investigación-acción. Los instrumentos utilizados son el diario del profesor, las grabaciones (transcripciones) y las pruebas previas y posteriores. Estas pruebas orales no se utilizaron para realizar comparaciones estadísticas, sino para observar cualitativamente los cambios en la fluidez de los estudiantes (por ejemplo, experiencias y perspectivas). Estos resultados sugieren que los estudiantes con TDAH podrían utilizar la gamificación para reforzar su proceso de adquisición de fluidez. |
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2025 |
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2025-10-30T18:39:55Z |
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2025-10 |
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Alt, D., & Raichel, N. (2020). Reflective journaling and metacognitive awareness: insights from a longitudinal study in higher education. Reflective Practice, 21(2), 145–158. https://doi.org/10.1080/14623943.2020.1716708 Barham, H., & Atakent, M. (2023). Clinical Case Reports and Trails EMDR Intervention in the Treatment of Capgras Syndrome Case Report. https://doi.org/10.58489/2836-2217/011 Błaszczak, A. (2023). The Comorbidity of Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Rejection Sensitive Dysphoria as an Impediment in Foreign Language Learning. Acta Humanitatis, 1(2), 93–106. https://doi.org/10.5709/AH-01.02.2023-01 Bramham, J., Ambery, F., Young, S., Morris, R., Russell, A., Xenitidis, K., Asherson, P., & Murphy, D. (2009). Executive functioning differences between adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and autistic spectrum disorder in initiation, planning and strategy formation. Autism, 13(3), 245–264. https://doi.org/10.1177/1362361309103790 Cadena-Aguilar, R. F., Ortega-Cuellar, J. H., & Cadena-Aguilar, A. (2019). Daily 6: An Approach to Foster Oral Fluency of English as a Foreign Language in Adolescents. Profile: Issues in Teachers’ Professional Development, 21(2), 29–44. https://doi.org/10.15446/profile.v21n2.71364 Carranza, M. J., Karol, G., Candil, A., Julián, C., Garavito, G., & Alfonso Muñoz Villa, W. (2022). An evaluation of cooperative learning through content gamification in EFL classes in Cundinamarca. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12495/9488 Carrera, B., & Mazzarella, C. (2001). Vygotsky: enfoque sociocultural. Educere, 5(13), 41–44. https://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=35601309 Chambers, F. (1997). What do we mean by fluency? System, 25(4), 535–544. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0346-251X(97)00046-8 Corbin, J., & Strauss, A. (2008). Basics of Qualitative Research (3rd ed.): Techniques and Procedures for Developing Grounded Theory. Basics of Qualitative Research (3rd Ed.): Techniques and Procedures for Developing Grounded Theory. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781452230153 Creswell, J. W. (2014). Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches. Journal of Electronic Resources in Medical Libraries, 19(1–2), 54–55. https://doi.org/10.1080/15424065.2022.2046231 Creswell, John. W., & Plano Clark, Vicki. L. (2018). Designing and Conducting Mixed Methods Research - International Student Edition. In Designing and conducting mixed methods research. Sage publications. https://uk.sagepub.com/en-gb/eur/designing-and-conducting-mixed-methods-research-international-student-edition/book258100 Drechsler, R., Brem, S., Brandeis, D., Grünblatt, E., Berger, G., & Walitza, S. (2020). ADHD: Current concepts and treatments in children and adolescents. Neuropediatrics, 51(5), 315–335. https://doi.org/10.1055/S-0040-1701658/ID/JR192299OA-16/BIB Ewe, L. P. (2019). ADHD symptoms and the teacher–student relationship: a systematic literature review. Emotional and Behavioural Difficulties, 24(2), 136–155. https://doi.org/10.1080/13632752.2019.1597562 Førland, O., & Roxå, T. (2023). Establishing reward systems for excellence in teaching – the experience of academics pioneering a reward system. European Journal of Higher Education, 14(3), 451–469. https://doi.org/10.1080/21568235.2023.2214713 Fuermaier, A. B. M., Tucha, L., Guo, N., Mette, C., Müller, B. W., Scherbaum, N., & Tucha, O. (2022). It Takes Time: Vigilance and Sustained Attention Assessment in Adults with ADHD. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(9). https://doi.org/10.3390/IJERPH19095216/S1<SPAN Galván, A. (2013). The Teenage Brain: Sensitivity to Rewards. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 22(2), 88–93. https://doi.org/10.1177/0963721413480859 Glaser, B. G., & Strauss, A. L. (2017). Discovery of grounded theory: Strategies for qualitative research. Discovery of Grounded Theory: Strategies for Qualitative Research, 1–271. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203793206 Hamari, J., Koivisto, J., & Sarsa, H. (2014). Does gamification work? - A literature review of empirical studies on gamification. Proceedings of the Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, 3025–3034. https://doi.org/10.1109/HICSS.2014.377 Happé, F., Booth, R., Charlton, R., & Hughes, C. (2006). Executive function deficits in autism spectrum disorders and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: Examining profiles across domains and ages. Brain and Cognition, 61(1), 25–39. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.BANDC.2006.03.004 Henderlong, J., & Lepper, M. R. (2002). The effects of praise on children’s intrinsic motivation: A review and synthesis. Psychological Bulletin, 128(5), 774–795. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.128.5.774 Housen, A., Kuiken, F., & Vedder, I. (2012). Complexity, accuracy and fluency. 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1075/LLLT.32.01HOU/HTML Isenor, K., Mazerolle, E. L., & Barker, C. (2021). Pay Attention to This: A Knowledge Translation Study of ADHD and its Brain Basis to Preservice and In-Service Teachers. In Education, 27(1), 80–97. https://doi.org/10.37119/OJS2021.V27I1.510 Kapp, K. (2012). The Gamification of Learning and Instruction: Game-based methods and strategies for training and education. San Francisco, CA: Pfeiffer, 4(1), 88–100. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/273947281_The_gamification_of_learning_and_instruction_Game based_methods_and_strategies_for_training_and_education_San_Francisco_CA_Pfeiffer Katsarou, D. V., Efthymiou, E., Kougioumtzis, G. A., Sofologi, M., & Theodoratou, M. (2024). Identifying Language Development in Children with ADHD: Differential Challenges, Interventions, and Collaborative Strategies. Children 2024, Vol. 11, Page 841, 11(7), 841. https://doi.org/10.3390/CHILDREN11070841 Kyvik, S. (2012). The academic researcher role: Enhancing expectations and improved performance. Higher Education, 65(4), 525–538. https://doi.org/10.1007/S10734-012-9561-0/METRICS Lennon, P. (1990). Investigating Fluency in EFL: A Quantitative Approach*. In Language Learning (Vol. 40, Issue 3). John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1467-1770.1990.TB00669.X Leong, L.-M., & Ahmadi, S. M. (2017). An Analysis of Factors Influencing Learners’ English Speaking Skill. International Journal of Research in English Education, 2(1), 34–41. https://doi.org/10.18869/ACADPUB.IJREE.2.1.34 Lindroth, J. T. (2014). Reflective Journals. Update: Applications of Research in Music Education, 34(1), 66–72. https://doi.org/10.1177/8755123314548046 Loe, I. M., & Feldman, H. M. (2007). Academic and Educational Outcomes of Children With ADHD. Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 32(6), 643–654. https://doi.org/10.1093/JPEPSY/JSL054 Marashi, H., & Dolatdoost, M. (2016, January). ADHD and adolescent EFL learners’ speaking complexity, accuracy, and fluency in english. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/306216574_ADHD_and_adolescent_EFL_learners’_speaking_complexity_accuracy_and_fluency_in_english Mertler, C. (2024). Action research: Improving schools and empowering educators. Saga Publications, 63, 109–111. https://doi.org/10.5901/jesr.2013.v3n1p81 Mezzanotte, C. (2020). Policy approaches and practices for the inclusion of students with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). 228. https://doi.org/10.1787/49af95e0-en Miranda, A., Soriano, M., Fernández, I., & Meliá, A. (2008). Emotional and behavioral problems in children with attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder: Impact of age and learning disabilities. Learning Disability Quarterly, 31(4), 171–185. https://doi.org/10.2307/25474650 Orjiakor, C. T., Eze, J., Ugwu, C. M., Ezenwa, M., Orjiakor, I., Onwujekwe, O., & Palamar, J. (2023). A systematic review of actors, actions, and outcomes of community-based efforts to prevent or reduce methamphetamine use. Addiction Research & Theory, 31(5), 335–344. https://doi.org/10.1080/16066359.2023.2167982 Patton, M. Q. (2015). Qualitative research & evaluation methods: integrating theory and practice. Qualitative Research and Evaluation Methods: Integrating Theory and Practice, 1303–1333. https://ci.nii.ac.jp/ncid/BB18275167 Pérez, A. C., Gil, M. P., Oliva, J. F. P., & Pérez, A. C. (2024). Education in the Knowledge Society Teaching English to Students with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) La enseñanza del inglés al alumnado con TDAH A R T I C L E I N F O. Education in the Knowledge Society, 25. https://doi.org/10.14201/eks.31235 Prior, M. (1996). Implications of ADHD for Learning. The Australian Educational and Developmental Psychologist, 13(1), 24–28. https://doi.org/10.1017/S081651220002736X Riessman, C. K. (2007). Narrative Methods for Human Sciences. Narrative Methods for the Human Sciences, 77–103 Rivera, E. S., & Garden, C. L. P. (2021). Gamification for student engagement: a framework. Journal of Further and Higher Education, 45(7), 999–1012. https://doi.org/10.1080/0309877X.2021.1875201 Segalowitz, N. (2010). Cognitive bases of second language fluency. Cognitive Bases of Second Language Fluency, 1–220. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203851357 Shah, P. J., Boilson, M., Rutherford, M., Prior, S., Johnston, L., MacIver, D., & Forsyth, K. (2022). Neurodevelopmental disorders and neurodiversity: definition of terms from Scotland’s National Autism Implementation Team. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 221(3), 577–579. https://doi.org/10.1192/BJP.2022.43 Skehan, P. (2024). Linking second language speaking task performance and language testing. Language Teaching, 57(4), 501–516. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0261444823000344 Takács, Á., Kóbor, A., Tárnok, Z., & Csépe, V. (2014). Verbal fluency in children with ADHD: Strategy using and temporal properties. Child Neuropsychology, 20(4), 415–429. https://doi.org/10.1080/09297049.2013.799645 Tegtmejer, T. (2019). ADHD as a classroom diagnosis. An exploratory study of teachers’ strategies for addressing ‘ADHD classroom behaviour.’ Emotional and Behavioural Difficulties, 24(3), 239–253. https://doi.org/10.1080/13632752.2019.1609271 Tekin, A. K. (2017). Action Research: Improving Schools and Empowering Educators, Fourth Edition (2014) by Craig A. Mertler. Alberta Journal of Educational Research, 63(1), 109–111. https://doi.org/10.11575/AJER.V63I1.56076 Thornbury, S. (2005). How to teach Speaking (Pearson Education ESL, Ed.). https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=how+to+teach+speaking&hl=es&as_sdt=0,5#d=gs_cit&t=1755577632492&u=%2Fscholar%3Fq%3Dinfo%3APnDtd2cjpJMJ%3Ascholar.google.com%2F%26output%3Dcite%26scirp%3D3%26hl%3Des Torres, F., & Martinez, L. (2022). Speaking in Worlds of Adventure: Tabletop Roleplaying Games within the EFL Classroom. How Journal Colombia, 29(1), 105–128. https://doi.org/10.19183/HOW.29.1.653 Walker, N. (2014). Listening: the most difficult skill to teach. 23, 167–175. https://ebuah.uah.es/dspace/handle/10017/21619 Yaroshenko, O., Kokorina, L., Shymanovych, I., Naumovska, N., Shchaslyva, N., & Serdiuk, N. (2022). The Modern Principles of Gamification in the Teaching of English as a Foreign Language. Revista Romaneasca Pentru Educatie Multidimensionala, 14(1Sup1), 437–452. https://doi.org/10.18662/RREM/14.1SUP1/560 |
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Cadena Aguilar, Roso FreddyDucuara Luna, GabrielaFranco Castiblanco, Maria AlejandraCorrea Sánchez, NataliaGil Parra, Andrés Felipe2025-10-30T18:39:55Z2025-10https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12495/18025instname:Universidad El Bosquereponame:Repositorio Institucional Universidad El Bosquerepourl:https://repositorio.unbosque.edu.coLos estudiantes con Trastorno por Déficit de Atención e Hiperactividad (TDAH, en adelante) tienden a tener diferentes problemas en la vida de estudio (e.g., lidiando para completar las tareas a tiempo), mientras que también tienen un proceso más difícil probablemente cuando se trata de fluidez en el inglés como lengua extranjera (EFL) actividades en el aula o interacciones. Esta situación particular se debe a que su capacidad de atención es mucho más limitada que la de sus compañeros de clase. Específicamente, para este proyecto los participantes fueron estudiantes de nivel básico de 6 a 10 años, y un tamaño de clase de 7 en el Norte de Bogotá. Este estudio exploró la influencia de las recompensas de gamificación, destinadas a impulsar la fluidez oral, en retos específicos a los que se enfrentan los jóvenes con TDAH. Para esta investigación, utilizamos un enfoque cualitativo y un diseño de investigación-acción. Los instrumentos utilizados son el diario del profesor, las grabaciones (transcripciones) y las pruebas previas y posteriores. Estas pruebas orales no se utilizaron para realizar comparaciones estadísticas, sino para observar cualitativamente los cambios en la fluidez de los estudiantes (por ejemplo, experiencias y perspectivas). Estos resultados sugieren que los estudiantes con TDAH podrían utilizar la gamificación para reforzar su proceso de adquisición de fluidez.PregradoLicenciado en Bilingüismo con Énfasis en la Enseñanza del InglésStudents with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD, henceforth) tend to have different study-life issues (e.g., struggling to complete assignments on time) while also having a more likely difficult process when it comes to fluency in English as a Foreign Language (EFL, henceforth) classroom activities or interactions. This particular situation is because their attention span is much more limited than their counterparts. Specifically, for this project the participants were 6 to 10 years old with basic level students, and a class size of 7 at the North of Bogotá. This study explored the influence of gamification rewards, aimed at boosting oral fluency on specific challenges faced by young ADHD individuals. For this research, we use a qualitative approach and an action research design. Data was collected from the teacher’s journal, recordings (transcripts), and pre and post-test. These oral tests were not used to make statistical comparisons, but rather to qualitatively observe changes in students' fluency (e.g., experiences and perspectives). These findings suggest that students with ADHD could use gamification to reinforce their fluency process.application/pdfengspaAttribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 Internationalhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/Acceso abiertohttps://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2Capacidad de atenciónGamificaciónHabilidades de fluidezInglés como lengua extranjeraTrastorno por déficit de atención e hiperactividad370.1175Attention Deficit Hyperactivity DisorderAttention spanEnglish as a Foreign LanguageFluency skillsGamificationBoosting Oral Fluency in ADHD EFL Learners The Impact of Reward Systems on Participation and ProgressMejorando la fluidez oral en estudiantes de inglés como lengua extranjera con TDAH El impacto de los sistemas de recompensa en la participación y el progresoLicenciatura en Bilingüismo con Énfasis en la Enseñanza del InglésUniversidad El BosqueFacultad de EducaciónTesis/Trabajo de grado - Monografía - Pregradohttps://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_7a1fhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_7a1finfo:eu-repo/semantics/bachelorThesishttps://purl.org/coar/version/c_ab4af688f83e57aaAlt, D., & Raichel, N. 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Revista Romaneasca Pentru Educatie Multidimensionala, 14(1Sup1), 437–452. https://doi.org/10.18662/RREM/14.1SUP1/560CC-LICENSElicense_rdflicense_rdfapplication/rdf+xml; charset=utf-81161https://repositorio.unbosque.edu.co/bitstreams/eb6be30d-67ca-45d6-8aa8-0e3056daeedf/download69c7d1fea1b67f73a10c194afeb39b1bMD55falseAnonymousREADLICENSElicense.txtlicense.txttext/plain; charset=utf-82109https://repositorio.unbosque.edu.co/bitstreams/da3ce9b9-c85b-4be0-9c6c-f5fa36c79f4d/downloadf06af22bfd8636c5201352007ffedf36MD52falseAnonymousREADCarta de autorizacion.pdfapplication/pdf262791https://repositorio.unbosque.edu.co/bitstreams/46695218-e290-42fb-a8f7-bd5e385a8a84/download0ab2fd4cfa3c52e815eb126edefc076aMD56falseBiblioteca - (Publicadores)READAnexo 1 Acta general de aprobacion.pdfapplication/pdf254394https://repositorio.unbosque.edu.co/bitstreams/dd49af81-896a-4bd5-a2b5-4814f9cf4328/download062870295a371bfe9ade2ccba1224c0aMD57falseBiblioteca - (Publicadores)READORIGINALTrabajo de grado.pdfTrabajo de grado.pdfapplication/pdf1180787https://repositorio.unbosque.edu.co/bitstreams/1d1980ef-8913-4a94-afb8-47d7c75c6e17/downloade24b166db6f5098c9c686a4672c24ad0MD54trueAnonymousREAD20.500.12495/18025oai:repositorio.unbosque.edu.co:20.500.12495/180252025-10-30T20:28:56.678638Zhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 Internationalopen.accesshttps://repositorio.unbosque.edu.coRepositorio Institucional Universidad El Bosquebibliotecas@biteca.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 |
