Sistemas de información geográfica para la vigilancia del cáncer de interés ocupacional: Scoping review

Introducción: Los Sistemas de Información Geográfica, son sistemas computarizados capaces de articular, ensamblar, almacenar y manipular información de carácter espacial, por ende, son de capital importancia para la comprensión del cáncer y sus determinantes. Objetivos: Determinar las aplicaciones,...

Full description

Autores:
Jose Ferney, Mejia Duarte
Silvio Alejandreo, Cardenas Escobar
Juan Esteban, Urazan Carrillo
Sara Sofia, Peñaranda Fajardo
Lorena Lisbeth, Talero
Tipo de recurso:
https://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_7a1f
Fecha de publicación:
2025
Institución:
Universidad El Bosque
Repositorio:
Repositorio U. El Bosque
Idioma:
spa
OAI Identifier:
oai:repositorio.unbosque.edu.co:20.500.12495/14368
Acceso en línea:
https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12495/14368
Palabra clave:
Sistemas de información geográfica
Cáncer ocupacional
Vigilancia epidemiológica
Geographic Information Systems
Occupational Cancer
Epidemiological Surveillance
W100
Rights
License
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
id UNBOSQUE2_5a82137a4e09d4f1cd7690ca3ba3d4f0
oai_identifier_str oai:repositorio.unbosque.edu.co:20.500.12495/14368
network_acronym_str UNBOSQUE2
network_name_str Repositorio U. El Bosque
repository_id_str
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Sistemas de información geográfica para la vigilancia del cáncer de interés ocupacional: Scoping review
dc.title.translated.none.fl_str_mv Geographic Information Systems for the Surveillance of Occupationally-Related Cancer: A Scoping Review
title Sistemas de información geográfica para la vigilancia del cáncer de interés ocupacional: Scoping review
spellingShingle Sistemas de información geográfica para la vigilancia del cáncer de interés ocupacional: Scoping review
Sistemas de información geográfica
Cáncer ocupacional
Vigilancia epidemiológica
Geographic Information Systems
Occupational Cancer
Epidemiological Surveillance
W100
title_short Sistemas de información geográfica para la vigilancia del cáncer de interés ocupacional: Scoping review
title_full Sistemas de información geográfica para la vigilancia del cáncer de interés ocupacional: Scoping review
title_fullStr Sistemas de información geográfica para la vigilancia del cáncer de interés ocupacional: Scoping review
title_full_unstemmed Sistemas de información geográfica para la vigilancia del cáncer de interés ocupacional: Scoping review
title_sort Sistemas de información geográfica para la vigilancia del cáncer de interés ocupacional: Scoping review
dc.creator.fl_str_mv Jose Ferney, Mejia Duarte
Silvio Alejandreo, Cardenas Escobar
Juan Esteban, Urazan Carrillo
Sara Sofia, Peñaranda Fajardo
Lorena Lisbeth, Talero
dc.contributor.advisor.none.fl_str_mv Diana Carolina, Sanchez
dc.contributor.author.none.fl_str_mv Jose Ferney, Mejia Duarte
Silvio Alejandreo, Cardenas Escobar
Juan Esteban, Urazan Carrillo
Sara Sofia, Peñaranda Fajardo
Lorena Lisbeth, Talero
dc.contributor.orcid.none.fl_str_mv Mejia Duarte, Jose Ferney [0009-0009-3287-7222]
Urazan Carrillo, Juan Esteban [0009-0004-0993-1001]
Cardenas Escobar, Silvio Alejandro [0009-0005-3462-3585]
Peñaranda Fajardo, Sara Sofia [0009-0009-9842-8622]
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Sistemas de información geográfica
Cáncer ocupacional
Vigilancia epidemiológica
topic Sistemas de información geográfica
Cáncer ocupacional
Vigilancia epidemiológica
Geographic Information Systems
Occupational Cancer
Epidemiological Surveillance
W100
dc.subject.keywords.none.fl_str_mv Geographic Information Systems
Occupational Cancer
Epidemiological Surveillance
dc.subject.nlm.none.fl_str_mv W100
description Introducción: Los Sistemas de Información Geográfica, son sistemas computarizados capaces de articular, ensamblar, almacenar y manipular información de carácter espacial, por ende, son de capital importancia para la comprensión del cáncer y sus determinantes. Objetivos: Determinar las aplicaciones, ventajas y limitaciones de los Sistemas de Información Geográfica en la vigilancia del cáncer de interés ocupacional. Métodos: Se realizó una búsqueda sistemática tipo Scoping en PubMed, Embase, Scopus y Bireme, según la estrategia Población, Contexto y Concepto de acuerdo a la guía metodológica JBI y siguiendo el protocolo PRISMA ScR. Para la selección de estudios, se realizó un proceso semiautomático apoyado en el software Rayyan®. Las variables identificadas se llevaron a una hoja de cálculo para su análisis. Se realizó una síntesis cualitativa de la evidencia. Resultados: Se encontraron artículos referentes al estudio de diversos tipos de cáncer además de otros relacionados con emisiones industriales y sustancias carcinógenas, de interés para la salud laboral. La revisión permitió identificar los Sistemas de Información Geográfica más utilizados, las metodologías de análisis espacial, ventajas y limitaciones para el monitoreo del cáncer. Conclusión: Los Sistemas de Información Geográfica son una herramienta de creciente uso en el monitoreo del cáncer, que permiten una mejor comprensión de los patrones geográficos de exposición, variables sociales y ambientales, proporcionando información valiosa 1 para la toma de decisiones política pública, planificación sanitaria y prevención, con gran aplicabilidad en el campo ocupacional.
publishDate 2025
dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv 2025-05-16T16:04:25Z
dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv 2025-05-16T16:04:25Z
dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv 2025-04
dc.type.coar.fl_str_mv http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_7a1f
dc.type.local.spa.fl_str_mv Tesis/Trabajo de grado - Monografía - Pregrado
dc.type.coar.none.fl_str_mv https://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_7a1f
dc.type.driver.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/bachelorThesis
dc.type.coarversion.none.fl_str_mv https://purl.org/coar/version/c_ab4af688f83e57aa
format https://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_7a1f
dc.identifier.uri.none.fl_str_mv https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12495/14368
dc.identifier.instname.spa.fl_str_mv instname:Universidad El Bosque
dc.identifier.reponame.spa.fl_str_mv reponame:Repositorio Institucional Universidad El Bosque
dc.identifier.repourl.none.fl_str_mv repourl:https://repositorio.unbosque.edu.co
url https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12495/14368
identifier_str_mv instname:Universidad El Bosque
reponame:Repositorio Institucional Universidad El Bosque
repourl:https://repositorio.unbosque.edu.co
dc.language.iso.fl_str_mv spa
language spa
dc.relation.references.none.fl_str_mv 1. Burstein RT. Sistemas de información geográfica y su aplicación en la salud pública. Rev Peru Med Exp Salud Publica [Internet]. 2002 jul [citado 2025 mayo 12];19(3):107. Disponible en: http://www.scielo.org.pe/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1726-46342002000300001&lng=es.
2.Iñiguez Rojas LB, Barcellos C. La cartografía en salud pública: viejos problemas y nuevas oportunidades. Rev Dep Geogr [Internet]. 2014 ago 5 [citado 2025 mayo 13];(spe):390–412. Disponible en: https://www.revistas.usp.br/rdg/article/view/85561.
3. Sahar L, Foster SL, Sherman RL, Henry KA, Goldberg DW, Stinchcomb DG, et al. GIScience and cancer: state of the art and trends for cancer surveillance and epidemiology. Cancer. 2019 Aug 1;125(15):2544–60. doi: 10.1002/cncr.32052. PMID: 31145834; PMCID: PMC6625915.
4. Jemal A, Torre L, Soerjomataram I, Bray F, editores. The cancer atlas. 3rd ed. Atlanta (GA): American Cancer Society; 2019. p. 1–69. Disponible en: https://publications.iarc.fr/Non-Series-Publications/Other-Non-Series-Publications/The-Cancer-Atlas-3rd-Edition-2019.
5. López-Abente G, Pollán M, Escolar A, Errozola M, Abraira V. Atlas de mortalidad por cáncer y otras causas en España, 1978–1992. Madrid (España): Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Servicio de Epidemiología del Cáncer; 2001. Disponible en: http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12105/4953. doi: 10.4321/repisalud.4953.
6. Nandakumar A, Gupta PC, Gangadharan P, Visweswara RN, Parkin DM. Geographic pathology revisited: development of an atlas of cancer in India. Int J Cancer. 2005 Sep 20;116(5):740–54. doi: 10.1002/ijc.21109. PMID: 15849747. Disponible en: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15849747/
7. Abriata G, Roques F, Macías GR, Loria D. Atlas de mortalidad por cáncer en Argentina, 2007–2011. 1ª ed. Buenos Aires: Instituto Nacional del Cáncer, Ministerio de Salud; 2013. Disponible en: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/263279596_Atlas_de_Mortalidad_por_cancer_en_Argentina_2007-2011.
8. Icaza-Noguera MG. Atlas de mortalidad por cáncer en Chile, 1997–2003. Santiago (Chile): Agencia Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo, Ministerio de Ciencia, Tecnología, Conocimiento e Innovación; 2005. Disponible en: https://www.conicyt.cl/wp-content/themes/fondef/encuentra_proyectos/PROYECTO/A0/5/SA05I20030.html.
9. Piñeros M, Hernández G, Murillo R. Atlas de mortalidad por cáncer en Colombia. 2ª ed. Bogotá (Colombia): Instituto Nacional de Cancerología; Instituto Geográfico Agustín Codazzi; 2003. Disponible en: https://pesquisa.bvsalud.org/portal/resource/enAcesso/lil-668545.
10. Bray F, Ferlay J, Soerjomataram I, Siegel RL, Torre LA, Jemal A. Global cancer statistics 2018: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J Clin. 2018;68(6):394–424. Disponible en: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30207593/.
11. Peters MDJ, Marnie C, Tricco AC, Pollock D, Munn Z, Alexander L, et al. Updated methodological guidance for the conduct of scoping reviews. JBI Evid Synth. 2020 Oct;18(10):2119–26. doi: 10.11124/JBIES-20-00167. Disponible en: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33038124/.
12. Tricco AC, Lillie E, Zarin W, O’Brien KK, Colquhoun H, Levac D, et al. PRISMA extension for scoping reviews (PRISMA-ScR): checklist and explanation. Ann Intern Med. 2018 Oct 2;169(7):467–73. doi: 10.7326/M18-0850. Disponible en: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30178033/.
13. Bunyatisai W, Chakrabandhu S, Sripan P, Rankantha A, Prasitwattanaseree S, Chitapanarux I. Spatial distribution of head and neck cancer in Chiang Mai, Thailand. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2022 Aug 1;23(8):2583–90. doi: 10.31557/APJCP.2022.23.8.2583. Disponible en: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36037110/.
14. Knapp GC, Tansley G, Olasehinde O, Wuraola F, Adisa A, Arowolo O, et al. Geospatial access predicts cancer stage at presentation and outcomes for patients with breast cancer in southwest Nigeria: a population-based study. Cancer. 2021 May 1;127(9):1432–8. doi: 10.1002/cncr.33394. Disponible en: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33370458/.
15. Jaber SM, Ibbini JH, Hijjawi NS, Thnaibat JJ, Nimri OF. Spatial and temporal characteristics of cancer in the period from 2004 to 2013 in the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan. Geospat Health. 2018 Nov 9;13(2):695. doi: 10.4081/gh.2018.695.
16. Rankantha A, Chitapanarux I, Pongnikorn D, Prasitwattanaseree S, Bunyatisai W, Sripan P, et al. Risk patterns of lung cancer mortality in northern Thailand. BMC Public Health. 2018 Sep 24;18(1):1138. doi: 10.1186/s12889-018-6025-1.
17. Won YJ, Jung KW, Oh CM, Park EH, Kong HJ, Lee DH, et al. Geographical variations and trends in major cancer incidences throughout Korea during 1999–2013. Cancer Res Treat. 2018 Oct;50(4):1281–93. doi: 10.4143/crt.2017.411.
18. Raoof M, Jutric Z, Haye S, Ituarte PHG, Zhao B, Singh G, et al. Systematic failure to operate on colorectal cancer liver metastases in California. Cancer Med. 2020 Sep;9(17):6256–67. doi: 10.1002/cam4.3316.
19. Wang Y, Yue S, Zheng B, Hao Z, Chen J. A general method for evaluating the effects of air pollutants on lung cancer prevalence. J Air Waste Manag Assoc. 2018 Dec;68(12):1366–77. doi: 10.1080/10962247.2018.1515124.
20. Chan J, Polo A, Zubizarreta E, Bourque JM, Hanna TP, Gaudet M, et al. Access to radiotherapy and its association with cancer outcomes in a high-income country: Addressing the inequity in Canada. Radiother Oncol. 2019 Dec;141:48–55. doi: 10.1016/j.radonc.2019.09.009.
21. Coudon T, Danjou AMN, Faure E, Praud D, Severi G, Mancini FR, et al. Development and performance evaluation of a GIS-based metric to assess exposure to airborne pollutant emissions from industrial sources. Environ Health. 2019 Jan 25;18(1):8. doi: 10.1186/s12940-019-0446-x.
22. Danjou AMN, Coudon T, Praud D, Lévêque E, Faure E, Salizzoni P, et al. Long-term airborne dioxin exposure and breast cancer risk in a case-control study nested within the French E3N prospective cohort. Environ Int. 2019 Mar;124:236–48. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.01.001.
23. Jiang A, Gong L, Ding H, Wang M. Cancer mortality and long-term environmental exposure of cadmium in contaminated community based on a third retrospective cause of death investigation of residents living in the Guangdong Province from 2004 to 2005. Biol Trace Elem Res. 2021 Dec;199(12):4504–15. doi: 10.1007/s12011-021-02599-0
24. O’Callaghan-Gordo C, Kogevinas M, Cirach M, Castaño-Vinyals G, Aragonés N, Delfrade J, et al. Residential proximity to green spaces and breast cancer risk: The multicase-control study in Spain (MCC-Spain). Int J Hyg Environ Health. 2018 Sep;221(8):1097–106. doi: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2018.07.014.
25. Tanaka H, Ishikawa KB, Katanoda K. Geographic access to cancer treatment in Japan: Results from a combined dataset of the patient survey and the survey of medical institutions in 2011. J Epidemiol. 2018 Nov 5;28(11):470–5. doi: 10.2188/jea.JE20170051.
26. VoPham T, Bertrand KA, Tamimi RM, Laden F, Hart JE. Ambient PM2.5 air pollution exposure and hepatocellular carcinoma incidence in the United States. Cancer Causes Control. 2018 Jun 1;29(6):563–72. doi: 10.1007/s10552-018-1036-x.
27. Ahmadi A, Ramazani R, Rezagholi T, Yavari P. Incidence pattern and spatial analysis of breast cancer in Iranian women: Geographical Information System applications. East Mediterr Health J. 2018;24(4):360–7. doi: 10.26719/2018.24.4.360.
28. VoPham T, Bertrand KA, Fisher JA, Ward MH, Laden F, Jones RR. Emissions of dioxins and dioxin-like compounds and incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma in the United States. Environ Res. 2022 Mar;204(Pt D):112386. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.112386.
29. Salmeron B, Mamudu L, Liu X, Whiteside M, Williams F. Assessing health disparities in breast cancer incidence burden in Tennessee: geospatial analysis. BMC Womens Health. 2021 May 3;21(1):186. doi:10.1186/s12905-021-01274-9.
30. Khoshdel A, Alimohammadi M, Sepandi M, Alimohamadi Y, Jalali P, Janani M. Análisis espacio-temporal del cáncer colorrectal mediante un sistema de información geográfica en la comunidad militar iraní durante el período 2007–2016. BMJ Mil Health. 2020 Nov;166(E):e8–e12. doi:10.1136/jramc-2018-001151.
31. Sullivan MW, Camacho FT, Mills AM, Modesitt SC. Missing information in statewide and national cancer databases: correlation with health risk factors, geographic disparities, and outcomes. Gynecol Oncol. 2019 Jan;152(1):119–126. doi:10.1016/j.ygyno.2018.10.029.
32. Jiang F, Chu J, Chen X, Zhang J, Fu Z, Dong J, Lu Z, Guo X, Xu A. Spatial distribution and clusters of pancreatic cancer mortality in Shandong Province, China. Sci Rep. 2019 Sep 9;9(1):12917. doi:10.1038/s41598-019-49357-w.
33. Motlana MK, Ginindza TG, Mitku AA, Jafta N. Spatial distribution of cancer cases managed at three major public hospitals in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Cancer Manag Res. 2021 Jul 5;20:11769351211028194. doi:10.1177/11769351211028194.
34. Jackson L, Jackson H, Mohammed M, Guthrie N, Kim S, Okolo R, Jackson F. Cancer in a historical African American population of Washington, D.C. and its geospatial distribution. Front Oncol. 2018 Nov 13;8:383. doi:10.3389/fonc.2018.00383.
35. Ekenga CC, Yeung CY, Oka M. Cancer risk from air toxics in relation to neighborhood isolation and sociodemographic characteristics: a spatial analysis of the St. Louis metropolitan area, USA. Environ Res. 2019 Dec;179(Pt B):108844. doi:10.1016/j.envres.2019.108844.
36. Cuéllar Luna L, Maldonado Cantillo G, Suárez Tamayo S, del Puerto Rodríguez A, Romero Placeres M. Estratificación del riesgo de muerte por enfermedades no transmisibles asociado a la contaminación ambiental en Cuba. MEDISAN [Internet]. 2021 Dic [citado 2025 May 14];25(6):1394–410. Disponible en: http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1029-30192021000601394.
37. Lysaniuk B, Cely-García MF, Giraldo M, Larrahondo JM, Serrano Calderón LM, Guerrero-Bernal JC, Briceño-Ayala L, Cruz Rodríguez E, Ramos-Bonilla JP. Uso de SIG para estimar la población en riesgo por proximidad residencial a plantas de procesamiento de asbesto en Colombia. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Dec 17;18(24):13297. doi:10.3390/ijerph182413297.
38. Moustafa M, Mali ME, Lopez-Verdugo F, Sanyang O, Nellermoe J, Price RR, Manortey S, Biritwum-Nyarko A, Ofei I, Sorensen J, Goldsmith A, Brownson KE, Kumah A, Sutherland E. Surveying and mapping breast cancer services in Ghana: a cross-sectional pilot study in the Eastern Region. BMJ Open. 2021 Nov 25;11(11):e051122. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2021-051122.
39. Bux RK, Haider SI, Batool M, Solangi AR, Memon SQ, Shah ZUH, Moradi O, Vasseghian Y. Natural and anthropogenic origin of metallic contamination and health risk assessment: a hydro-geochemical study of Sehwan Sharif, Pakistan. Chemosphere. 2022 Aug;300:134611. doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134611.
40. Virgilsen LF, Møller H, Vedsted P. Travel distance to cancer diagn41. Ma K, Lin Y, Zhang X, Fang F, Zhang Y, Li J, Yao Y, Ge L, Tan H, Wang F. Spatiotemporal distribution and evolution of digestive tract cancer cases in Lujiang County, China since 2012. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Jun 17;19(12):7451. doi:10.3390/ijerph19127451.ostic centres and tumour stage. Health Place. 2019 Nov;60:102208. doi:10.1016/j.healthplace.2019.102208.
42. Omidakhsh N, Heck JE, Cockburn M, Ling CX, Hershman JM, Harari A. Thyroid cancer and pesticide use in an agricultural area of central California: a case–control study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2022 Aug 18;107(9):e3574–82. doi:10.1210/clinem/dgac413.
43. Dilekli N, Janitz A, Campbell J. Improved geocoding of cancer registry addresses in urban and rural Oklahoma. J Registry Manag. 2020 Spring;47(1):13–20. PMID: 32833379.
44. Elbasheer MMAE, Alkhidir AGA, Mohammed SMA, Abbas AAH, Mohamed AO, Bereir IM, Abdalazeez HR, Noma M. Spatial distribution of breast cancer in Sudan 2010–2016. PLoS One. 2019 Sep 16;14(9):e0211085. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0211085.
45. Gurney J, Whitehead J, Kerrison C, Stanley J, Sarfati D, Koea J. Equity of travel required to access first definitive surgery for liver or stomach cancer in New Zealand. PLoS One. 2022 Aug 11;17(8):e0269593. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0269593.
46. Zhou K, Thompson LK, Liu L, Terrault NA, Cockburn MG. Detecting geographic hotspots for advanced-stage hepatocellular carcinoma: a novel approach to cancer control. Cancer Causes Control. 2022 May;33(5):701–10. doi:10.1007/s10552-022-01555-0.
47. Krówczyńska M, Wilk E. Spatial analysis of asbestos exposure and occupational health care in Poland during the period 2004–2013. Geospat Health. 2018 Nov 9;13(2):689. doi:10.4081/gh.2018.689.
48. Slavik CE, Kalenge S, Demers PA. Industry and geographic patterns of use and emission of carcinogens in Ontario, Canada, 2011–2015. Can J Public Health. 2018 Dec;109(5–6):769–78. doi:10.17269/s41997-018-0075-0.
49. VoPham T, Weaver MD, Vetter C, Hart JE, Tamimi RM, Laden F, Bertrand KA. Circadian misalignment and hepatocellular carcinoma incidence in the United States. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2018 Jul;27(7):719–27. doi:10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-17-1052.
50. Rubenstein JH, Morgenstern H, Longstreth K. Clustering of esophageal cancer among white men in the United States. Dis Esophagus. 2019 Jan 1;32(1):doy081. doi:10.1093/dote/doy081.
51. Wang N, Mengersen K, Tong S, Kimlin M, Zhou M, Wang L, Hu W. Lung cancer mortality in China: spatial and temporal trends among subpopulations. Chest. 2019 Nov;156(5):972–83. doi:10.1016/j.chest.2019.07.023.
52. Carles C, Esquirol Y, Turuban M, Piel C, Migault L, Pouchieu C, et al. Residential proximity to power lines and risk of brain tumor in the general population. Environ Res. 2020 Jun;185:109473. doi:10.1016/j.envres.2020.109473.
53. Kiani B, Hashemi Amin F, Bagheri N, Bergquist R, Mohammadi AA, Yousefi M, et al. Association between heavy metals and colon cancer: an ecological study based on geographical information systems in North-Eastern Iran. BMC Cancer. 2021 Apr 15;21(1):414. doi:10.1186/s12885-021-08148-1.
54. Solikhah S, Perwitasari DA, Rejeki DSS. Geographic characteristics of various cancers in Yogyakarta Province, Indonesia: a spatial analysis at the community level. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2022 Apr;23(4):1231–8. doi:10.31557/APJCP.2022.23.4.1231.
55. Syed Soffian SS, Mohammed Nawi A, Hod R, Chan HK, Abu Hassan MR. Area-level determinants in colorectal cancer spatial clustering studies: a systematic review. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Oct 6;18(19):10486. doi:10.3390/ijerph181910486.
56. Yee EK, Coburn NG, Zuk V, Davis LE, Mahar AL, Liu Y, et al. Geographic impact on access to care and survival for non-curative esophagogastric cancer: a population-based study. Gastric Cancer. 2021;24:790–9. doi:10.1007/s10120-021-01157-w.
57. Khan JR, Carroll SJ, Warner-Smith M, Roder D, Daniel M. Residential area and screening venue location features associated with spatial variation in breast cancer screening invitation response rates: an observational study in Greater Sydney, Australia. BMJ Open. 2021 Apr 15;11(4):e043853. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2020-043853.
58. Shafiq J, Gabriel GS, Barton MB. Radiotherapy service need in the Pacific Island countries. Asia Pac J Clin Oncol. 2021 Oct;17(5):e217–25. doi:10.1111/ajco.13437.
59. Virgilsen LF, Møller H, Vedsted P. Cancer diagnostic delays and travel distance to health services: a nationwide cohort study in Denmark. Cancer Epidemiol. 2019 Apr;59:115–22. doi:10.1016/j.canep.2019.01.018.
60. Kennedy C, Liu Y, Meng X, Strosnider H, Waller LA, Zhou Y. Developing indices to identify hotspots of skin cancer vulnerability among the Non-Hispanic White population in the United States. Ann Epidemiol. 2021 Apr 22;59:64–71. doi:10.1016/j.annepidem.2021.04.004.
61. Tailor TD, Choudhury KR, Tong BC, Christensen JD, Sosa JA, Rubin GD. Geographic access to CT for lung cancer screening: a census tract-level analysis of cigarette smoking in the United States and driving distance to a CT facility. J Am Coll Radiol. 2019 Jan;16(1):15–23. doi:10.1016/j.jacr.2018.07.007.
62. Stangl S, Rauch S, Rauh J, Meyer M, Müller-Nordhorn J, Wildner M, et al. Disparities in accessibility to evidence-based breast cancer care facilities by rural and urban areas in Bavaria, Germany. Cancer. 2021 Jul 1;127(13):2319–32. doi:10.1002/cncr.33493.
63. Amadou A, Praud D, Coudon T, Danjou AMN, Faure E, Leffondré K, et al. Chronic long-term exposure to cadmium air pollution and breast cancer risk in the French E3N cohort. Int J Cancer. 2020 Jan 15;146(2):341–51. doi:10.1002/ijc.32257.
64. Stephens JM, Bensink M, Bowers C, Hollenbeak CS. Travel burden associated with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor administration in a Medicare aged population: a geospatial analysis. Curr Med Res Opin. 2018 Aug;34(8):1351–60. doi:10.1080/03007995.2017.1358158.
65. Zhai Y, Amadou A, Mercier C, Praud D. The impact of left truncation of exposure in environmental case–control studies: evidence from breast cancer risk associated with airborne dioxin. Eur J Epidemiol. 2022 Jan;37(Suppl 2). doi:10.1007/s10654-021-00776-y.
66. Krówczyńska M, Wilk E, Pabjanek P, Olędzka G. Pleural mesothelioma in Poland: spatial analysis of malignant mesothelioma prevalence in the period 1999–2013. Geospat Health. 2018 Nov 9;13(2). doi:10.4081/gh.2018.667.
67. Valbuena García AM, Rodríguez Villamizar LA. Análisis espacial en epidemiología: revisión de métodos. Rev Salud Pública UIS. 2018 Oct 18;50(4). doi:10.18273/revsal.v50n4-2018009.
68. Ministerio de Trabajo. Sistema de información sobre la exposición ocupacional a agentes carcinógenos para Colombia CAREX – 2012 Población asegurada. Bogotá: Ministerio de Trabajo; 2012. Disponible en: http://www.mintrabajo.gov.co.
69. Rim KT. Occupational cancers with chemical exposure and their prevention in Korea: a literature review. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2013;14(6):3379–91. doi:10.7314/apjcp.2013.14.6.3379.
70. Kauppinen T, Toikkanen J, Pedersen D, Young R, Ahrens W, Boffetta P, et al. Occupational exposure to carcinogens in the European Union. Occup Environ Med. 2000 Jan;57(1):10–8. doi:10.1136/oem.57.1.10.
71. Organización Mundial de la Salud. Cáncer [Internet]. 2022 Feb 3 [citado 2025 mayo 14]. Disponible en: https://www.who.int/es/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/cancer.
72. Osiecki KM, Kim S, Chukwudozie IB, Calhoun EA. Utilizing exploratory spatial data analysis to examine health and environmental disparities in disadvantaged neighborhoods. Environmental Justice. 2013;6(3):81–7.
73. Kazemi M, Hushmandi K, Vahedian-Azimi A, Moayyed M, Karimi L, Sheikh Beig Goharrizi MA, et al. Spatial patterning of occupational stress and its related factors in Iranian critical care nurses using a hierarchical Bayesian technique. Work. 2022;72(4):1409–19. doi:10.3233/WOR-210284.
74. Hernández-Vásquez A, Díaz-Seijas D, Vilcarromero S, Santero M. Distribución espacial de los accidentes y enfermedades relacionados con el trabajo en el Perú, 2012-2014. Rev Peru Med Exp Salud Publica. 2016;33(1):106–12. doi:10.17843/rpmesp.2016.331.2013.
75. Molineri AI, Signorini M, Tarabla H. Análisis espacial de los accidentes laborales in itinere en veterinarios de grandes animales en la provincia de Santa Fe. Analecta Vet. 2016;36(2):23–7. Disponible en: https://revistas.unlp.edu.ar/analecta/article/view/3550.
76. Bray F, Ferlay J, Soerjomataram I, Siegel RL, Torre LA, Jemal A. Global cancer statistics 2018: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J Clin. 2018 Nov;68(6):394–424. doi:10.3322/caac.21492.
77. VoPham T, Brooks MM, Yuan JM, Talbott EO, Ruddell D, Hart JE, et al. Pesticide exposure and hepatocellular carcinoma risk: a case-control study using a geographic information system (GIS) to link SEER-Medicare and California pesticide data. Environ Res. 2015 Nov;143(Pt A):68–82. doi:10.1016/j.envres.2015.09.027.
78. Hartwig A. Cadmium and cancer. In: Sigel A, Sigel H, Sigel RKO, editors. Metal Ions in Life Sciences. Vol. 11. Dordrecht: Springer; 2013. p. 491–507. doi:10.1007/978-94-007-5179-8_15.
79. Cruz Carrillo A, Moreno Figueredo G, Lara Osorio M. Toxicología de las dioxinas y su impacto en la salud humana. Rev Med Vet. 2010;(19):73–84. Disponible en: http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0122-93542010000100007&lng=en&tlng=es
80. Rettig EM, D'Souza G. Epidemiology of head and neck cancer. Surg Oncol Clin N Am. 2015 Jul;24(3):379–96. doi:10.1016/j.soc.2015.03.001.
81. Auguste A, Joachim C, Deloumeaux J, Gaete S, Michineau L, Herrmann-Storck C, et al. Head and neck cancer risk factors in the French West Indies. BMC Cancer. 2021;21:1071. doi:10.1186/s12885-021-08765-2.
82. Clin B, Gramond C, Thaon I, Brochard P, Delva F, Chammings S, et al. Head and neck cancer and asbestos exposure. Occup Environ Med. 2022 Oct;79(10):690–6. doi:10.1136/oemed-2021-108047.
83. Mohd Azmi NAS, Juliana N, Teng NIMF, Azmani S, Das S, Effendy N. Consequences of circadian disruption in shift workers on chrononutrition and their psychosocial well-being. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020 Mar 19;17(6):2043. doi:10.3390/ijerph17062043.
84. Boivin DB, Boudreau P, Kosmadopoulos A. Disturbance of the circadian system in shift work and its health impact. J Biol Rhythms. 2022 Feb;37(1):3–28. doi:10.1177/07487304211064218.
85. Loomis D, Guha N, Hall AL, Straif K. Identifying occupational carcinogens: an update from the IARC Monographs. Occup Environ Med. 2018 Aug;75(8):593–603. doi:10.1136/oemed-2017-104944.
86. Burns CJ, Juberg DR. Cancer and occupational exposure to pesticides: an umbrella review. Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 2021 Jul;94(5):945–57. doi:10.1007/s00420-020-01638-y.
87. Aschebrook-Kilfoy B, Ward MH, Della Valle CT, Friesen MC. Occupation and thyroid cancer. Occup Environ Med. 2014 May;71(5):366–80. doi:10.1136/oemed-2013-101929.
88. Australian Government Bureau of Meteorology. MetEye [Internet]. [cited 2023 May 4]. Available from: http://www.bom.gov.au/australia/meteye
89. Instituto de Hidrología, Meteorología y Estudios Ambientales de Colombia. Visor Atlas Radiación [Internet]. [cited 2023 May 4]. Available from: https://www.ideam.gov.co/.
90. Solmáforo. Sensor de radiación ultravioleta [Internet]. [cited 2023 May 4]. Available from: http://www.solmaforo.com/.
91. Boggs Z, Beck Dallaghan GL, Smithson S, Lam Y. Teaching social determinants through geographic information system mapping. Clin Teach. 2023 Feb;20(1):e13553. doi:10.1111/tct.13553.
92. Sadler RC, Hippensteel C, Nelson V, Greene-Moton E, Furr-Holden CD. Community-engaged development of a GIS-based healthfulness index to shape health equity solutions. Soc Sci Med. 2019 Apr;227:63–75. doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2018.07.030.
dc.rights.en.fl_str_mv Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
dc.rights.coar.fl_str_mv http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
dc.rights.uri.none.fl_str_mv http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
dc.rights.local.spa.fl_str_mv Acceso abierto
dc.rights.accessrights.none.fl_str_mv https://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
rights_invalid_str_mv Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
Acceso abierto
https://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
dc.format.mimetype.none.fl_str_mv application/pdf
dc.publisher.program.spa.fl_str_mv Medicina
dc.publisher.grantor.spa.fl_str_mv Universidad El Bosque
dc.publisher.faculty.spa.fl_str_mv Facultad de Medicina
institution Universidad El Bosque
bitstream.url.fl_str_mv https://repositorio.unbosque.edu.co/bitstreams/a59b6438-c19d-46b7-91da-7803565168ee/download
https://repositorio.unbosque.edu.co/bitstreams/13b8955c-75d1-4b3c-81a2-6556c4fca2cf/download
https://repositorio.unbosque.edu.co/bitstreams/eb3f3844-866c-4a9f-84b1-db92c10c1298/download
https://repositorio.unbosque.edu.co/bitstreams/484d2d75-0fd1-43c5-a6a4-689a857bce70/download
https://repositorio.unbosque.edu.co/bitstreams/4f28e9d4-7ea9-4e55-9564-6daa44a48c44/download
https://repositorio.unbosque.edu.co/bitstreams/d28625fd-49eb-499d-8416-8125e20439be/download
https://repositorio.unbosque.edu.co/bitstreams/91d4eacc-5cbc-424a-b037-a489725ae075/download
bitstream.checksum.fl_str_mv 17cc15b951e7cc6b3728a574117320f9
ddb530761c82431db619bc1325a81573
deb5f4c668ab5bf26f3f575e821dcb9a
227894c4a803bfdb050a7d5bb9614fbc
3b6ce8e9e36c89875e8cf39962fe8920
fa2259300203fc95513829e433a18b7d
936d92ba8b0d6afe1f50ce103f248937
bitstream.checksumAlgorithm.fl_str_mv MD5
MD5
MD5
MD5
MD5
MD5
MD5
repository.name.fl_str_mv Repositorio Institucional Universidad El Bosque
repository.mail.fl_str_mv bibliotecas@biteca.com
_version_ 1834108034995978240
spelling Diana Carolina, SanchezJose Ferney, Mejia DuarteSilvio Alejandreo, Cardenas EscobarJuan Esteban, Urazan CarrilloSara Sofia, Peñaranda FajardoLorena Lisbeth, TaleroMejia Duarte, Jose Ferney [0009-0009-3287-7222]Urazan Carrillo, Juan Esteban [0009-0004-0993-1001]Cardenas Escobar, Silvio Alejandro [0009-0005-3462-3585]Peñaranda Fajardo, Sara Sofia [0009-0009-9842-8622]2025-05-16T16:04:25Z2025-05-16T16:04:25Z2025-04https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12495/14368instname:Universidad El Bosquereponame:Repositorio Institucional Universidad El Bosquerepourl:https://repositorio.unbosque.edu.coIntroducción: Los Sistemas de Información Geográfica, son sistemas computarizados capaces de articular, ensamblar, almacenar y manipular información de carácter espacial, por ende, son de capital importancia para la comprensión del cáncer y sus determinantes. Objetivos: Determinar las aplicaciones, ventajas y limitaciones de los Sistemas de Información Geográfica en la vigilancia del cáncer de interés ocupacional. Métodos: Se realizó una búsqueda sistemática tipo Scoping en PubMed, Embase, Scopus y Bireme, según la estrategia Población, Contexto y Concepto de acuerdo a la guía metodológica JBI y siguiendo el protocolo PRISMA ScR. Para la selección de estudios, se realizó un proceso semiautomático apoyado en el software Rayyan®. Las variables identificadas se llevaron a una hoja de cálculo para su análisis. Se realizó una síntesis cualitativa de la evidencia. Resultados: Se encontraron artículos referentes al estudio de diversos tipos de cáncer además de otros relacionados con emisiones industriales y sustancias carcinógenas, de interés para la salud laboral. La revisión permitió identificar los Sistemas de Información Geográfica más utilizados, las metodologías de análisis espacial, ventajas y limitaciones para el monitoreo del cáncer. Conclusión: Los Sistemas de Información Geográfica son una herramienta de creciente uso en el monitoreo del cáncer, que permiten una mejor comprensión de los patrones geográficos de exposición, variables sociales y ambientales, proporcionando información valiosa 1 para la toma de decisiones política pública, planificación sanitaria y prevención, con gran aplicabilidad en el campo ocupacional.Médico CirujanoPregradoIntroduction: Geographic Information Systems (GIS) are computerized systems capable of integrating, assembling, storing, and manipulating spatial information, making them essential tools for understanding cancer and its determinants. Objectives: To identify the applications, advantages, and limitations of Geographic Information Systems in the surveillance of occupationally-related cancer. Methods: A systematic scoping review was conducted using the PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Bireme databases, following the Population, Concept, and Context (PCC) framework according to the JBI methodological guidance, and adhering to the PRISMA-ScR protocol. A semi-automated selection process was carried out using Rayyan® software. Identified variables were extracted into a spreadsheet for analysis. A qualitative synthesis of the evidence was performed. Results: The review identified articles addressing various types of cancer, as well as others related to industrial emissions and carcinogenic substances relevant to occupational health. It allowed the identification of the most frequently used Geographic Information Systems, spatial analysis methodologies, and the advantages and limitations of GIS in cancer monitoring. Conclusion: Geographic Information Systems are increasingly used tools for cancer monitoring, enabling a better understanding of geographic patterns of exposure, as well as social and environmental variables. They provide valuable information for public policy decision-making, health planning, and prevention, with broad applicability in the occupational health field.application/pdfAttribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 Internationalhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/Acceso abiertohttps://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2Sistemas de información geográficaCáncer ocupacionalVigilancia epidemiológicaGeographic Information SystemsOccupational CancerEpidemiological SurveillanceW100Sistemas de información geográfica para la vigilancia del cáncer de interés ocupacional: Scoping reviewGeographic Information Systems for the Surveillance of Occupationally-Related Cancer: A Scoping ReviewMedicinaUniversidad El BosqueFacultad de MedicinaTesis/Trabajo de grado - Monografía - Pregradohttps://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_7a1fhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_7a1finfo:eu-repo/semantics/bachelorThesishttps://purl.org/coar/version/c_ab4af688f83e57aa1. Burstein RT. Sistemas de información geográfica y su aplicación en la salud pública. Rev Peru Med Exp Salud Publica [Internet]. 2002 jul [citado 2025 mayo 12];19(3):107. Disponible en: http://www.scielo.org.pe/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1726-46342002000300001&lng=es.2.Iñiguez Rojas LB, Barcellos C. La cartografía en salud pública: viejos problemas y nuevas oportunidades. Rev Dep Geogr [Internet]. 2014 ago 5 [citado 2025 mayo 13];(spe):390–412. Disponible en: https://www.revistas.usp.br/rdg/article/view/85561.3. Sahar L, Foster SL, Sherman RL, Henry KA, Goldberg DW, Stinchcomb DG, et al. GIScience and cancer: state of the art and trends for cancer surveillance and epidemiology. Cancer. 2019 Aug 1;125(15):2544–60. doi: 10.1002/cncr.32052. PMID: 31145834; PMCID: PMC6625915.4. Jemal A, Torre L, Soerjomataram I, Bray F, editores. The cancer atlas. 3rd ed. Atlanta (GA): American Cancer Society; 2019. p. 1–69. Disponible en: https://publications.iarc.fr/Non-Series-Publications/Other-Non-Series-Publications/The-Cancer-Atlas-3rd-Edition-2019.5. López-Abente G, Pollán M, Escolar A, Errozola M, Abraira V. Atlas de mortalidad por cáncer y otras causas en España, 1978–1992. Madrid (España): Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Servicio de Epidemiología del Cáncer; 2001. Disponible en: http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12105/4953. doi: 10.4321/repisalud.4953.6. Nandakumar A, Gupta PC, Gangadharan P, Visweswara RN, Parkin DM. Geographic pathology revisited: development of an atlas of cancer in India. Int J Cancer. 2005 Sep 20;116(5):740–54. doi: 10.1002/ijc.21109. PMID: 15849747. Disponible en: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15849747/7. Abriata G, Roques F, Macías GR, Loria D. Atlas de mortalidad por cáncer en Argentina, 2007–2011. 1ª ed. Buenos Aires: Instituto Nacional del Cáncer, Ministerio de Salud; 2013. Disponible en: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/263279596_Atlas_de_Mortalidad_por_cancer_en_Argentina_2007-2011.8. Icaza-Noguera MG. Atlas de mortalidad por cáncer en Chile, 1997–2003. Santiago (Chile): Agencia Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo, Ministerio de Ciencia, Tecnología, Conocimiento e Innovación; 2005. Disponible en: https://www.conicyt.cl/wp-content/themes/fondef/encuentra_proyectos/PROYECTO/A0/5/SA05I20030.html.9. Piñeros M, Hernández G, Murillo R. Atlas de mortalidad por cáncer en Colombia. 2ª ed. Bogotá (Colombia): Instituto Nacional de Cancerología; Instituto Geográfico Agustín Codazzi; 2003. Disponible en: https://pesquisa.bvsalud.org/portal/resource/enAcesso/lil-668545.10. Bray F, Ferlay J, Soerjomataram I, Siegel RL, Torre LA, Jemal A. Global cancer statistics 2018: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J Clin. 2018;68(6):394–424. Disponible en: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30207593/.11. Peters MDJ, Marnie C, Tricco AC, Pollock D, Munn Z, Alexander L, et al. Updated methodological guidance for the conduct of scoping reviews. JBI Evid Synth. 2020 Oct;18(10):2119–26. doi: 10.11124/JBIES-20-00167. Disponible en: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33038124/.12. Tricco AC, Lillie E, Zarin W, O’Brien KK, Colquhoun H, Levac D, et al. PRISMA extension for scoping reviews (PRISMA-ScR): checklist and explanation. Ann Intern Med. 2018 Oct 2;169(7):467–73. doi: 10.7326/M18-0850. Disponible en: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30178033/.13. Bunyatisai W, Chakrabandhu S, Sripan P, Rankantha A, Prasitwattanaseree S, Chitapanarux I. Spatial distribution of head and neck cancer in Chiang Mai, Thailand. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2022 Aug 1;23(8):2583–90. doi: 10.31557/APJCP.2022.23.8.2583. Disponible en: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36037110/.14. Knapp GC, Tansley G, Olasehinde O, Wuraola F, Adisa A, Arowolo O, et al. Geospatial access predicts cancer stage at presentation and outcomes for patients with breast cancer in southwest Nigeria: a population-based study. Cancer. 2021 May 1;127(9):1432–8. doi: 10.1002/cncr.33394. Disponible en: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33370458/.15. Jaber SM, Ibbini JH, Hijjawi NS, Thnaibat JJ, Nimri OF. Spatial and temporal characteristics of cancer in the period from 2004 to 2013 in the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan. Geospat Health. 2018 Nov 9;13(2):695. doi: 10.4081/gh.2018.695.16. Rankantha A, Chitapanarux I, Pongnikorn D, Prasitwattanaseree S, Bunyatisai W, Sripan P, et al. Risk patterns of lung cancer mortality in northern Thailand. BMC Public Health. 2018 Sep 24;18(1):1138. doi: 10.1186/s12889-018-6025-1.17. Won YJ, Jung KW, Oh CM, Park EH, Kong HJ, Lee DH, et al. Geographical variations and trends in major cancer incidences throughout Korea during 1999–2013. Cancer Res Treat. 2018 Oct;50(4):1281–93. doi: 10.4143/crt.2017.411.18. Raoof M, Jutric Z, Haye S, Ituarte PHG, Zhao B, Singh G, et al. Systematic failure to operate on colorectal cancer liver metastases in California. Cancer Med. 2020 Sep;9(17):6256–67. doi: 10.1002/cam4.3316.19. Wang Y, Yue S, Zheng B, Hao Z, Chen J. A general method for evaluating the effects of air pollutants on lung cancer prevalence. J Air Waste Manag Assoc. 2018 Dec;68(12):1366–77. doi: 10.1080/10962247.2018.1515124.20. Chan J, Polo A, Zubizarreta E, Bourque JM, Hanna TP, Gaudet M, et al. Access to radiotherapy and its association with cancer outcomes in a high-income country: Addressing the inequity in Canada. Radiother Oncol. 2019 Dec;141:48–55. doi: 10.1016/j.radonc.2019.09.009.21. Coudon T, Danjou AMN, Faure E, Praud D, Severi G, Mancini FR, et al. Development and performance evaluation of a GIS-based metric to assess exposure to airborne pollutant emissions from industrial sources. Environ Health. 2019 Jan 25;18(1):8. doi: 10.1186/s12940-019-0446-x.22. Danjou AMN, Coudon T, Praud D, Lévêque E, Faure E, Salizzoni P, et al. Long-term airborne dioxin exposure and breast cancer risk in a case-control study nested within the French E3N prospective cohort. Environ Int. 2019 Mar;124:236–48. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.01.001.23. Jiang A, Gong L, Ding H, Wang M. Cancer mortality and long-term environmental exposure of cadmium in contaminated community based on a third retrospective cause of death investigation of residents living in the Guangdong Province from 2004 to 2005. Biol Trace Elem Res. 2021 Dec;199(12):4504–15. doi: 10.1007/s12011-021-02599-024. O’Callaghan-Gordo C, Kogevinas M, Cirach M, Castaño-Vinyals G, Aragonés N, Delfrade J, et al. Residential proximity to green spaces and breast cancer risk: The multicase-control study in Spain (MCC-Spain). Int J Hyg Environ Health. 2018 Sep;221(8):1097–106. doi: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2018.07.014.25. Tanaka H, Ishikawa KB, Katanoda K. Geographic access to cancer treatment in Japan: Results from a combined dataset of the patient survey and the survey of medical institutions in 2011. J Epidemiol. 2018 Nov 5;28(11):470–5. doi: 10.2188/jea.JE20170051.26. VoPham T, Bertrand KA, Tamimi RM, Laden F, Hart JE. Ambient PM2.5 air pollution exposure and hepatocellular carcinoma incidence in the United States. Cancer Causes Control. 2018 Jun 1;29(6):563–72. doi: 10.1007/s10552-018-1036-x.27. Ahmadi A, Ramazani R, Rezagholi T, Yavari P. Incidence pattern and spatial analysis of breast cancer in Iranian women: Geographical Information System applications. East Mediterr Health J. 2018;24(4):360–7. doi: 10.26719/2018.24.4.360.28. VoPham T, Bertrand KA, Fisher JA, Ward MH, Laden F, Jones RR. Emissions of dioxins and dioxin-like compounds and incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma in the United States. Environ Res. 2022 Mar;204(Pt D):112386. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.112386.29. Salmeron B, Mamudu L, Liu X, Whiteside M, Williams F. Assessing health disparities in breast cancer incidence burden in Tennessee: geospatial analysis. BMC Womens Health. 2021 May 3;21(1):186. doi:10.1186/s12905-021-01274-9.30. Khoshdel A, Alimohammadi M, Sepandi M, Alimohamadi Y, Jalali P, Janani M. Análisis espacio-temporal del cáncer colorrectal mediante un sistema de información geográfica en la comunidad militar iraní durante el período 2007–2016. BMJ Mil Health. 2020 Nov;166(E):e8–e12. doi:10.1136/jramc-2018-001151.31. Sullivan MW, Camacho FT, Mills AM, Modesitt SC. Missing information in statewide and national cancer databases: correlation with health risk factors, geographic disparities, and outcomes. Gynecol Oncol. 2019 Jan;152(1):119–126. doi:10.1016/j.ygyno.2018.10.029.32. Jiang F, Chu J, Chen X, Zhang J, Fu Z, Dong J, Lu Z, Guo X, Xu A. Spatial distribution and clusters of pancreatic cancer mortality in Shandong Province, China. Sci Rep. 2019 Sep 9;9(1):12917. doi:10.1038/s41598-019-49357-w.33. Motlana MK, Ginindza TG, Mitku AA, Jafta N. Spatial distribution of cancer cases managed at three major public hospitals in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Cancer Manag Res. 2021 Jul 5;20:11769351211028194. doi:10.1177/11769351211028194.34. Jackson L, Jackson H, Mohammed M, Guthrie N, Kim S, Okolo R, Jackson F. Cancer in a historical African American population of Washington, D.C. and its geospatial distribution. Front Oncol. 2018 Nov 13;8:383. doi:10.3389/fonc.2018.00383.35. Ekenga CC, Yeung CY, Oka M. Cancer risk from air toxics in relation to neighborhood isolation and sociodemographic characteristics: a spatial analysis of the St. Louis metropolitan area, USA. Environ Res. 2019 Dec;179(Pt B):108844. doi:10.1016/j.envres.2019.108844.36. Cuéllar Luna L, Maldonado Cantillo G, Suárez Tamayo S, del Puerto Rodríguez A, Romero Placeres M. Estratificación del riesgo de muerte por enfermedades no transmisibles asociado a la contaminación ambiental en Cuba. MEDISAN [Internet]. 2021 Dic [citado 2025 May 14];25(6):1394–410. Disponible en: http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1029-30192021000601394.37. Lysaniuk B, Cely-García MF, Giraldo M, Larrahondo JM, Serrano Calderón LM, Guerrero-Bernal JC, Briceño-Ayala L, Cruz Rodríguez E, Ramos-Bonilla JP. Uso de SIG para estimar la población en riesgo por proximidad residencial a plantas de procesamiento de asbesto en Colombia. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Dec 17;18(24):13297. doi:10.3390/ijerph182413297.38. Moustafa M, Mali ME, Lopez-Verdugo F, Sanyang O, Nellermoe J, Price RR, Manortey S, Biritwum-Nyarko A, Ofei I, Sorensen J, Goldsmith A, Brownson KE, Kumah A, Sutherland E. Surveying and mapping breast cancer services in Ghana: a cross-sectional pilot study in the Eastern Region. BMJ Open. 2021 Nov 25;11(11):e051122. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2021-051122.39. Bux RK, Haider SI, Batool M, Solangi AR, Memon SQ, Shah ZUH, Moradi O, Vasseghian Y. Natural and anthropogenic origin of metallic contamination and health risk assessment: a hydro-geochemical study of Sehwan Sharif, Pakistan. Chemosphere. 2022 Aug;300:134611. doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134611.40. Virgilsen LF, Møller H, Vedsted P. Travel distance to cancer diagn41. Ma K, Lin Y, Zhang X, Fang F, Zhang Y, Li J, Yao Y, Ge L, Tan H, Wang F. Spatiotemporal distribution and evolution of digestive tract cancer cases in Lujiang County, China since 2012. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Jun 17;19(12):7451. doi:10.3390/ijerph19127451.ostic centres and tumour stage. Health Place. 2019 Nov;60:102208. doi:10.1016/j.healthplace.2019.102208.42. Omidakhsh N, Heck JE, Cockburn M, Ling CX, Hershman JM, Harari A. Thyroid cancer and pesticide use in an agricultural area of central California: a case–control study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2022 Aug 18;107(9):e3574–82. doi:10.1210/clinem/dgac413.43. Dilekli N, Janitz A, Campbell J. Improved geocoding of cancer registry addresses in urban and rural Oklahoma. J Registry Manag. 2020 Spring;47(1):13–20. PMID: 32833379.44. Elbasheer MMAE, Alkhidir AGA, Mohammed SMA, Abbas AAH, Mohamed AO, Bereir IM, Abdalazeez HR, Noma M. Spatial distribution of breast cancer in Sudan 2010–2016. PLoS One. 2019 Sep 16;14(9):e0211085. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0211085.45. Gurney J, Whitehead J, Kerrison C, Stanley J, Sarfati D, Koea J. Equity of travel required to access first definitive surgery for liver or stomach cancer in New Zealand. PLoS One. 2022 Aug 11;17(8):e0269593. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0269593.46. Zhou K, Thompson LK, Liu L, Terrault NA, Cockburn MG. Detecting geographic hotspots for advanced-stage hepatocellular carcinoma: a novel approach to cancer control. Cancer Causes Control. 2022 May;33(5):701–10. doi:10.1007/s10552-022-01555-0.47. Krówczyńska M, Wilk E. Spatial analysis of asbestos exposure and occupational health care in Poland during the period 2004–2013. Geospat Health. 2018 Nov 9;13(2):689. doi:10.4081/gh.2018.689.48. Slavik CE, Kalenge S, Demers PA. Industry and geographic patterns of use and emission of carcinogens in Ontario, Canada, 2011–2015. Can J Public Health. 2018 Dec;109(5–6):769–78. doi:10.17269/s41997-018-0075-0.49. VoPham T, Weaver MD, Vetter C, Hart JE, Tamimi RM, Laden F, Bertrand KA. Circadian misalignment and hepatocellular carcinoma incidence in the United States. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2018 Jul;27(7):719–27. doi:10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-17-1052.50. Rubenstein JH, Morgenstern H, Longstreth K. Clustering of esophageal cancer among white men in the United States. Dis Esophagus. 2019 Jan 1;32(1):doy081. doi:10.1093/dote/doy081.51. Wang N, Mengersen K, Tong S, Kimlin M, Zhou M, Wang L, Hu W. Lung cancer mortality in China: spatial and temporal trends among subpopulations. Chest. 2019 Nov;156(5):972–83. doi:10.1016/j.chest.2019.07.023.52. Carles C, Esquirol Y, Turuban M, Piel C, Migault L, Pouchieu C, et al. Residential proximity to power lines and risk of brain tumor in the general population. Environ Res. 2020 Jun;185:109473. doi:10.1016/j.envres.2020.109473.53. Kiani B, Hashemi Amin F, Bagheri N, Bergquist R, Mohammadi AA, Yousefi M, et al. Association between heavy metals and colon cancer: an ecological study based on geographical information systems in North-Eastern Iran. BMC Cancer. 2021 Apr 15;21(1):414. doi:10.1186/s12885-021-08148-1.54. Solikhah S, Perwitasari DA, Rejeki DSS. Geographic characteristics of various cancers in Yogyakarta Province, Indonesia: a spatial analysis at the community level. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2022 Apr;23(4):1231–8. doi:10.31557/APJCP.2022.23.4.1231.55. Syed Soffian SS, Mohammed Nawi A, Hod R, Chan HK, Abu Hassan MR. Area-level determinants in colorectal cancer spatial clustering studies: a systematic review. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Oct 6;18(19):10486. doi:10.3390/ijerph181910486.56. Yee EK, Coburn NG, Zuk V, Davis LE, Mahar AL, Liu Y, et al. Geographic impact on access to care and survival for non-curative esophagogastric cancer: a population-based study. Gastric Cancer. 2021;24:790–9. doi:10.1007/s10120-021-01157-w.57. Khan JR, Carroll SJ, Warner-Smith M, Roder D, Daniel M. Residential area and screening venue location features associated with spatial variation in breast cancer screening invitation response rates: an observational study in Greater Sydney, Australia. BMJ Open. 2021 Apr 15;11(4):e043853. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2020-043853.58. Shafiq J, Gabriel GS, Barton MB. Radiotherapy service need in the Pacific Island countries. Asia Pac J Clin Oncol. 2021 Oct;17(5):e217–25. doi:10.1111/ajco.13437.59. Virgilsen LF, Møller H, Vedsted P. Cancer diagnostic delays and travel distance to health services: a nationwide cohort study in Denmark. Cancer Epidemiol. 2019 Apr;59:115–22. doi:10.1016/j.canep.2019.01.018.60. Kennedy C, Liu Y, Meng X, Strosnider H, Waller LA, Zhou Y. Developing indices to identify hotspots of skin cancer vulnerability among the Non-Hispanic White population in the United States. Ann Epidemiol. 2021 Apr 22;59:64–71. doi:10.1016/j.annepidem.2021.04.004.61. Tailor TD, Choudhury KR, Tong BC, Christensen JD, Sosa JA, Rubin GD. Geographic access to CT for lung cancer screening: a census tract-level analysis of cigarette smoking in the United States and driving distance to a CT facility. J Am Coll Radiol. 2019 Jan;16(1):15–23. doi:10.1016/j.jacr.2018.07.007.62. Stangl S, Rauch S, Rauh J, Meyer M, Müller-Nordhorn J, Wildner M, et al. Disparities in accessibility to evidence-based breast cancer care facilities by rural and urban areas in Bavaria, Germany. Cancer. 2021 Jul 1;127(13):2319–32. doi:10.1002/cncr.33493.63. Amadou A, Praud D, Coudon T, Danjou AMN, Faure E, Leffondré K, et al. Chronic long-term exposure to cadmium air pollution and breast cancer risk in the French E3N cohort. Int J Cancer. 2020 Jan 15;146(2):341–51. doi:10.1002/ijc.32257.64. Stephens JM, Bensink M, Bowers C, Hollenbeak CS. Travel burden associated with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor administration in a Medicare aged population: a geospatial analysis. Curr Med Res Opin. 2018 Aug;34(8):1351–60. doi:10.1080/03007995.2017.1358158.65. Zhai Y, Amadou A, Mercier C, Praud D. The impact of left truncation of exposure in environmental case–control studies: evidence from breast cancer risk associated with airborne dioxin. Eur J Epidemiol. 2022 Jan;37(Suppl 2). doi:10.1007/s10654-021-00776-y.66. Krówczyńska M, Wilk E, Pabjanek P, Olędzka G. Pleural mesothelioma in Poland: spatial analysis of malignant mesothelioma prevalence in the period 1999–2013. Geospat Health. 2018 Nov 9;13(2). doi:10.4081/gh.2018.667.67. Valbuena García AM, Rodríguez Villamizar LA. Análisis espacial en epidemiología: revisión de métodos. Rev Salud Pública UIS. 2018 Oct 18;50(4). doi:10.18273/revsal.v50n4-2018009.68. Ministerio de Trabajo. Sistema de información sobre la exposición ocupacional a agentes carcinógenos para Colombia CAREX – 2012 Población asegurada. Bogotá: Ministerio de Trabajo; 2012. Disponible en: http://www.mintrabajo.gov.co.69. Rim KT. Occupational cancers with chemical exposure and their prevention in Korea: a literature review. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2013;14(6):3379–91. doi:10.7314/apjcp.2013.14.6.3379.70. Kauppinen T, Toikkanen J, Pedersen D, Young R, Ahrens W, Boffetta P, et al. Occupational exposure to carcinogens in the European Union. Occup Environ Med. 2000 Jan;57(1):10–8. doi:10.1136/oem.57.1.10.71. Organización Mundial de la Salud. Cáncer [Internet]. 2022 Feb 3 [citado 2025 mayo 14]. Disponible en: https://www.who.int/es/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/cancer.72. Osiecki KM, Kim S, Chukwudozie IB, Calhoun EA. Utilizing exploratory spatial data analysis to examine health and environmental disparities in disadvantaged neighborhoods. Environmental Justice. 2013;6(3):81–7.73. Kazemi M, Hushmandi K, Vahedian-Azimi A, Moayyed M, Karimi L, Sheikh Beig Goharrizi MA, et al. Spatial patterning of occupational stress and its related factors in Iranian critical care nurses using a hierarchical Bayesian technique. Work. 2022;72(4):1409–19. doi:10.3233/WOR-210284.74. Hernández-Vásquez A, Díaz-Seijas D, Vilcarromero S, Santero M. Distribución espacial de los accidentes y enfermedades relacionados con el trabajo en el Perú, 2012-2014. Rev Peru Med Exp Salud Publica. 2016;33(1):106–12. doi:10.17843/rpmesp.2016.331.2013.75. Molineri AI, Signorini M, Tarabla H. Análisis espacial de los accidentes laborales in itinere en veterinarios de grandes animales en la provincia de Santa Fe. Analecta Vet. 2016;36(2):23–7. Disponible en: https://revistas.unlp.edu.ar/analecta/article/view/3550.76. Bray F, Ferlay J, Soerjomataram I, Siegel RL, Torre LA, Jemal A. Global cancer statistics 2018: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J Clin. 2018 Nov;68(6):394–424. doi:10.3322/caac.21492.77. VoPham T, Brooks MM, Yuan JM, Talbott EO, Ruddell D, Hart JE, et al. Pesticide exposure and hepatocellular carcinoma risk: a case-control study using a geographic information system (GIS) to link SEER-Medicare and California pesticide data. Environ Res. 2015 Nov;143(Pt A):68–82. doi:10.1016/j.envres.2015.09.027.78. Hartwig A. Cadmium and cancer. In: Sigel A, Sigel H, Sigel RKO, editors. Metal Ions in Life Sciences. Vol. 11. Dordrecht: Springer; 2013. p. 491–507. doi:10.1007/978-94-007-5179-8_15.79. Cruz Carrillo A, Moreno Figueredo G, Lara Osorio M. Toxicología de las dioxinas y su impacto en la salud humana. Rev Med Vet. 2010;(19):73–84. Disponible en: http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0122-93542010000100007&lng=en&tlng=es80. Rettig EM, D'Souza G. Epidemiology of head and neck cancer. Surg Oncol Clin N Am. 2015 Jul;24(3):379–96. doi:10.1016/j.soc.2015.03.001.81. Auguste A, Joachim C, Deloumeaux J, Gaete S, Michineau L, Herrmann-Storck C, et al. Head and neck cancer risk factors in the French West Indies. BMC Cancer. 2021;21:1071. doi:10.1186/s12885-021-08765-2.82. Clin B, Gramond C, Thaon I, Brochard P, Delva F, Chammings S, et al. Head and neck cancer and asbestos exposure. Occup Environ Med. 2022 Oct;79(10):690–6. doi:10.1136/oemed-2021-108047.83. Mohd Azmi NAS, Juliana N, Teng NIMF, Azmani S, Das S, Effendy N. Consequences of circadian disruption in shift workers on chrononutrition and their psychosocial well-being. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020 Mar 19;17(6):2043. doi:10.3390/ijerph17062043.84. Boivin DB, Boudreau P, Kosmadopoulos A. Disturbance of the circadian system in shift work and its health impact. J Biol Rhythms. 2022 Feb;37(1):3–28. doi:10.1177/07487304211064218.85. Loomis D, Guha N, Hall AL, Straif K. Identifying occupational carcinogens: an update from the IARC Monographs. Occup Environ Med. 2018 Aug;75(8):593–603. doi:10.1136/oemed-2017-104944.86. Burns CJ, Juberg DR. Cancer and occupational exposure to pesticides: an umbrella review. Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 2021 Jul;94(5):945–57. doi:10.1007/s00420-020-01638-y.87. Aschebrook-Kilfoy B, Ward MH, Della Valle CT, Friesen MC. Occupation and thyroid cancer. Occup Environ Med. 2014 May;71(5):366–80. doi:10.1136/oemed-2013-101929.88. Australian Government Bureau of Meteorology. MetEye [Internet]. [cited 2023 May 4]. Available from: http://www.bom.gov.au/australia/meteye89. Instituto de Hidrología, Meteorología y Estudios Ambientales de Colombia. Visor Atlas Radiación [Internet]. [cited 2023 May 4]. Available from: https://www.ideam.gov.co/.90. Solmáforo. Sensor de radiación ultravioleta [Internet]. [cited 2023 May 4]. Available from: http://www.solmaforo.com/.91. Boggs Z, Beck Dallaghan GL, Smithson S, Lam Y. Teaching social determinants through geographic information system mapping. Clin Teach. 2023 Feb;20(1):e13553. doi:10.1111/tct.13553.92. Sadler RC, Hippensteel C, Nelson V, Greene-Moton E, Furr-Holden CD. Community-engaged development of a GIS-based healthfulness index to shape health equity solutions. Soc Sci Med. 2019 Apr;227:63–75. doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2018.07.030.spaLICENSElicense.txtlicense.txttext/plain; charset=utf-82000https://repositorio.unbosque.edu.co/bitstreams/a59b6438-c19d-46b7-91da-7803565168ee/download17cc15b951e7cc6b3728a574117320f9MD51Carta de autorizacion.pdfapplication/pdf1752426https://repositorio.unbosque.edu.co/bitstreams/13b8955c-75d1-4b3c-81a2-6556c4fca2cf/downloadddb530761c82431db619bc1325a81573MD59Anexo 1 Acta de aprobacion.pdfapplication/pdf144355https://repositorio.unbosque.edu.co/bitstreams/eb3f3844-866c-4a9f-84b1-db92c10c1298/downloaddeb5f4c668ab5bf26f3f575e821dcb9aMD510ORIGINALTrabajo de grado.pdfTrabajo de grado.pdfapplication/pdf1156567https://repositorio.unbosque.edu.co/bitstreams/484d2d75-0fd1-43c5-a6a4-689a857bce70/download227894c4a803bfdb050a7d5bb9614fbcMD57CC-LICENSElicense_rdflicense_rdfapplication/rdf+xml; charset=utf-8899https://repositorio.unbosque.edu.co/bitstreams/4f28e9d4-7ea9-4e55-9564-6daa44a48c44/download3b6ce8e9e36c89875e8cf39962fe8920MD58TEXTTrabajo de grado.pdf.txtTrabajo de grado.pdf.txtExtracted texttext/plain101770https://repositorio.unbosque.edu.co/bitstreams/d28625fd-49eb-499d-8416-8125e20439be/downloadfa2259300203fc95513829e433a18b7dMD511THUMBNAILTrabajo de grado.pdf.jpgTrabajo de grado.pdf.jpgGenerated Thumbnailimage/jpeg2698https://repositorio.unbosque.edu.co/bitstreams/91d4eacc-5cbc-424a-b037-a489725ae075/download936d92ba8b0d6afe1f50ce103f248937MD51220.500.12495/14368oai:repositorio.unbosque.edu.co:20.500.12495/143682025-05-17 05:08:54.778http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 Internationalopen.accesshttps://repositorio.unbosque.edu.coRepositorio Institucional Universidad El Bosquebibliotecas@biteca.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

Publicaciones similares