Gestión del riesgo cardiovascular integrado a la práctica odontológica en la atención primaria: propuesta de una estrategia basada en equipos multidisciplinarios

Objetivo: Desarrollar una propuesta para la incorporación del odontólogo en la gestión de riesgo cardiovascular en el nivel primario, mediante: la descripción de los conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas (CAP) de los odontólogos vinculados a la atención primaria; la comprensión de los facilitadores y...

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Autores:
Otero Wandurraga, Johanna Alejandra
Tipo de recurso:
https://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_db06
Fecha de publicación:
2025
Institución:
Universidad El Bosque
Repositorio:
Repositorio U. El Bosque
Idioma:
spa
OAI Identifier:
oai:repositorio.unbosque.edu.co:20.500.12495/17923
Acceso en línea:
https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12495/17923
Palabra clave:
Odontólogos
Factores de riesgo cardiovascular
Atención primaria en salud
Atención basada en equipos
Prácticas colaborativas
Dentists
Heart disease risk factors
Primary health care
Team-based care
Collaborative practices
WA 100
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Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
id UNBOSQUE2_13db88249c2e61813dc4df5c4f27abe3
oai_identifier_str oai:repositorio.unbosque.edu.co:20.500.12495/17923
network_acronym_str UNBOSQUE2
network_name_str Repositorio U. El Bosque
repository_id_str
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Gestión del riesgo cardiovascular integrado a la práctica odontológica en la atención primaria: propuesta de una estrategia basada en equipos multidisciplinarios
dc.title.translated.none.fl_str_mv Integrated cardiovascular risk management in primary dental care: proposal for a strategy based on multidisciplinary teams
title Gestión del riesgo cardiovascular integrado a la práctica odontológica en la atención primaria: propuesta de una estrategia basada en equipos multidisciplinarios
spellingShingle Gestión del riesgo cardiovascular integrado a la práctica odontológica en la atención primaria: propuesta de una estrategia basada en equipos multidisciplinarios
Odontólogos
Factores de riesgo cardiovascular
Atención primaria en salud
Atención basada en equipos
Prácticas colaborativas
Dentists
Heart disease risk factors
Primary health care
Team-based care
Collaborative practices
WA 100
title_short Gestión del riesgo cardiovascular integrado a la práctica odontológica en la atención primaria: propuesta de una estrategia basada en equipos multidisciplinarios
title_full Gestión del riesgo cardiovascular integrado a la práctica odontológica en la atención primaria: propuesta de una estrategia basada en equipos multidisciplinarios
title_fullStr Gestión del riesgo cardiovascular integrado a la práctica odontológica en la atención primaria: propuesta de una estrategia basada en equipos multidisciplinarios
title_full_unstemmed Gestión del riesgo cardiovascular integrado a la práctica odontológica en la atención primaria: propuesta de una estrategia basada en equipos multidisciplinarios
title_sort Gestión del riesgo cardiovascular integrado a la práctica odontológica en la atención primaria: propuesta de una estrategia basada en equipos multidisciplinarios
dc.creator.fl_str_mv Otero Wandurraga, Johanna Alejandra
dc.contributor.advisor.none.fl_str_mv Ortiz Gómez, Yamileth
dc.contributor.author.none.fl_str_mv Otero Wandurraga, Johanna Alejandra
dc.contributor.orcid.none.fl_str_mv Otero, Johanna [0000-0002-2044-2071]
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Odontólogos
Factores de riesgo cardiovascular
Atención primaria en salud
Atención basada en equipos
Prácticas colaborativas
topic Odontólogos
Factores de riesgo cardiovascular
Atención primaria en salud
Atención basada en equipos
Prácticas colaborativas
Dentists
Heart disease risk factors
Primary health care
Team-based care
Collaborative practices
WA 100
dc.subject.keywords.none.fl_str_mv Dentists
Heart disease risk factors
Primary health care
Team-based care
Collaborative practices
dc.subject.nlm.spa.fl_str_mv WA 100
description Objetivo: Desarrollar una propuesta para la incorporación del odontólogo en la gestión de riesgo cardiovascular en el nivel primario, mediante: la descripción de los conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas (CAP) de los odontólogos vinculados a la atención primaria; la comprensión de los facilitadores y barreras para la gestión del riesgo cardiovascular en la práctica odontológica; y el análisis de los aspectos que podrían contribuir a la incorporación del odontólogo en el marco de la estrategia de atención basada en equipos multidisciplinarios. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio de métodos mixtos convergente. El componente cuantitativo correspondió a un estudio de corte transversal analítico, mediante encuesta CAP autoadministrada, validada por expertos y completada por 232 odontólogos seleccionados inicialmente por muestreo aleatorio simple y complementado con bola de nieve que ejercían en Colombia. Se realizaron análisis descriptivos y multivariados a través del análisis de clúster. Por su parte, el componente cualitativo correspondió a un diseño fenomenológico con una muestra por intención de 15 odontólogos/as (directivos de programa, directivos de investigación, docentes). Se usaron entrevistas semiestructuradas y análisis deductivo basado en cinco temas (Trabajo basado en equipos, Formación de odontólogos, Generación de conocimiento, Intervención de factores de riesgo y Modelo de atención en salud), complementado con codificación abierta para categorías emergentes. Finalmente, fueron integrados datos cuantitativos de la encuesta CAP a odontólogos practicantes y cualitativos de entrevistas a odontólogos vinculados a la academia. La integración de ambos grupos de datos se realizó mediante comparación lado a lado en una tabla de visualización conjunta, generando metainferencias al identificar concordancias y discordancias entre los hallazgos. Resultados componente cuantitativo: Los odontólogos identificaron factores de riesgo compartidos (tabaco: 80,6%, diabetes: 72,8%). El Clúster 2 (más jóvenes, menor nivel postgrado) identificó mejor los factores de riesgo para el desarrollo de ECV y los compartidos con periodontitis. Reportaron seguridad al discutir riesgos comportamentales (tabaco: 78,5%, alcohol: 61,6%), pero baja seguridad en remisión a programas de cesación de tabaco (23,7%). Manifestaron interés en colaboración interdisciplinaria (89,2%) y manejo activo de pacientes comprometidos sistémicamente (86,6%). Solo el 40,5% de los odontólogos reportó medir la presión arterial, el 11,2% del total de participantes refiere que lo hace siempre y el 8,6% del total de participantes afirman siempre medir la presión arterial en la consulta odontológica con un dispositivo automático. Resultados componente cualitativo: Las categorías más frecuentes que emergen del análisis de facilitadores se relacionan con el trabajo multidisciplinar e interdisciplinar, la articulación con básicas médicas en la formación de odontólogos y la educación para la salud como una estrategia de intervención de factores de riesgo, del lado de las barreras sobresalen la necesidad de fortalecer el rol del odontólogo para ser parte activa el quehacer multidisciplinar e interdisciplinar, la necesidad de fortalecer competencias en RCV y la odontología vista como modelo de negocio que deja ver una de las principales características indeseables del modelo de atención en salud. Resultados de la integración: Fueron mayores las concordancias entre los hallazgos cuantitativos y cualitativos, que las discordancias. La integración de datos mostró concordancias entre los hallazgos cuantitativos y las categorías que se describen como facilitadores en el tema de trabajo basado en equipos, la formación de odontólogos y la intervención de factores de riesgo, asimismo, en las barreras descritas en el modelo de atención en salud y la generación de conocimiento. Las prácticas que más puntos de comparación encontraron frente a lo manifestado por los participantes del componente cualitativo fueron la baja proporción de medición de factores de riesgo, entre las actitudes sobresalió el interés en expandir la práctica, tener un papel más activo en el manejo de personas con enfermedades sistémicas y el interés en trabajar de manera colaborativa. Conclusiones: Los participantes demostraron deficiente conocimiento en los factores de riesgo para el desarrollo de ECV y aceptable para los compartidos con periodontitis, siendo los más jóvenes y sin posgrado quienes mejor los identificaron. Pese a una actitud positiva hacia un rol activo y de colaboración, reportan baja seguridad en acciones como la remisión para cesación de tabaco. Se evidenció baja adherencia a prácticas basadas en evidencia, como la medición rutinaria de presión arterial con equipo automático. El análisis cualitativo permitió ver un escenario de oportunidades del que se infieren características deseables para el propósito de este estudio, principalmente en lo relacionado con el trabajo basado en equipos que tiene como principal característica la redistribución de tareas. La principal barrera detectada muestra un modelo de atención en salud guiado por tendencias del mercado, con enfoque curativo y baja participación del odontólogo en el desarrollo de política pública. El análisis de integración confirma la necesidad de fortalecer las competencias de los odontólogos en gestión del RCV y abordar barreras estructurales del modelo de atención en salud que por sus cambios muestra una oportunidad de participación del odontólogo en los equipos básicos de salud. Las actitudes positivas dejan ver una oportunidad de incorporación del odontólogo en la gestión del RCV y una posibilidad de hacerse útil en el fortalecimiento de competencias en salud oral de pares de otras profesiones. Se propone que una manera de integración es el desarrollo de prácticas colaborativas interprofesionales en los entornos educativo e institucional.
publishDate 2025
dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv 2025-10-08T20:41:41Z
dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv 2025-07
dc.type.coar.fl_str_mv http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_db06
dc.type.local.spa.fl_str_mv Tesis/Trabajo de grado - Monografía - Doctorado
dc.type.coar.none.fl_str_mv https://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_db06
dc.type.driver.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis
dc.type.coarversion.none.fl_str_mv https://purl.org/coar/version/c_ab4af688f83e57aa
format https://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_db06
dc.identifier.uri.none.fl_str_mv https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12495/17923
dc.identifier.instname.spa.fl_str_mv instname:Universidad El Bosque
dc.identifier.reponame.spa.fl_str_mv reponame:Repositorio Institucional Universidad El Bosque
dc.identifier.repourl.none.fl_str_mv repourl:https://repositorio.unbosque.edu.co
url https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12495/17923
identifier_str_mv instname:Universidad El Bosque
reponame:Repositorio Institucional Universidad El Bosque
repourl:https://repositorio.unbosque.edu.co
dc.language.iso.fl_str_mv spa
language spa
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spelling Ortiz Gómez, YamilethOtero Wandurraga, Johanna AlejandraOtero, Johanna [0000-0002-2044-2071]2025-10-08T20:41:41Z2025-07https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12495/17923instname:Universidad El Bosquereponame:Repositorio Institucional Universidad El Bosquerepourl:https://repositorio.unbosque.edu.coObjetivo: Desarrollar una propuesta para la incorporación del odontólogo en la gestión de riesgo cardiovascular en el nivel primario, mediante: la descripción de los conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas (CAP) de los odontólogos vinculados a la atención primaria; la comprensión de los facilitadores y barreras para la gestión del riesgo cardiovascular en la práctica odontológica; y el análisis de los aspectos que podrían contribuir a la incorporación del odontólogo en el marco de la estrategia de atención basada en equipos multidisciplinarios. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio de métodos mixtos convergente. El componente cuantitativo correspondió a un estudio de corte transversal analítico, mediante encuesta CAP autoadministrada, validada por expertos y completada por 232 odontólogos seleccionados inicialmente por muestreo aleatorio simple y complementado con bola de nieve que ejercían en Colombia. Se realizaron análisis descriptivos y multivariados a través del análisis de clúster. Por su parte, el componente cualitativo correspondió a un diseño fenomenológico con una muestra por intención de 15 odontólogos/as (directivos de programa, directivos de investigación, docentes). Se usaron entrevistas semiestructuradas y análisis deductivo basado en cinco temas (Trabajo basado en equipos, Formación de odontólogos, Generación de conocimiento, Intervención de factores de riesgo y Modelo de atención en salud), complementado con codificación abierta para categorías emergentes. Finalmente, fueron integrados datos cuantitativos de la encuesta CAP a odontólogos practicantes y cualitativos de entrevistas a odontólogos vinculados a la academia. La integración de ambos grupos de datos se realizó mediante comparación lado a lado en una tabla de visualización conjunta, generando metainferencias al identificar concordancias y discordancias entre los hallazgos. Resultados componente cuantitativo: Los odontólogos identificaron factores de riesgo compartidos (tabaco: 80,6%, diabetes: 72,8%). El Clúster 2 (más jóvenes, menor nivel postgrado) identificó mejor los factores de riesgo para el desarrollo de ECV y los compartidos con periodontitis. Reportaron seguridad al discutir riesgos comportamentales (tabaco: 78,5%, alcohol: 61,6%), pero baja seguridad en remisión a programas de cesación de tabaco (23,7%). Manifestaron interés en colaboración interdisciplinaria (89,2%) y manejo activo de pacientes comprometidos sistémicamente (86,6%). Solo el 40,5% de los odontólogos reportó medir la presión arterial, el 11,2% del total de participantes refiere que lo hace siempre y el 8,6% del total de participantes afirman siempre medir la presión arterial en la consulta odontológica con un dispositivo automático. Resultados componente cualitativo: Las categorías más frecuentes que emergen del análisis de facilitadores se relacionan con el trabajo multidisciplinar e interdisciplinar, la articulación con básicas médicas en la formación de odontólogos y la educación para la salud como una estrategia de intervención de factores de riesgo, del lado de las barreras sobresalen la necesidad de fortalecer el rol del odontólogo para ser parte activa el quehacer multidisciplinar e interdisciplinar, la necesidad de fortalecer competencias en RCV y la odontología vista como modelo de negocio que deja ver una de las principales características indeseables del modelo de atención en salud. Resultados de la integración: Fueron mayores las concordancias entre los hallazgos cuantitativos y cualitativos, que las discordancias. La integración de datos mostró concordancias entre los hallazgos cuantitativos y las categorías que se describen como facilitadores en el tema de trabajo basado en equipos, la formación de odontólogos y la intervención de factores de riesgo, asimismo, en las barreras descritas en el modelo de atención en salud y la generación de conocimiento. Las prácticas que más puntos de comparación encontraron frente a lo manifestado por los participantes del componente cualitativo fueron la baja proporción de medición de factores de riesgo, entre las actitudes sobresalió el interés en expandir la práctica, tener un papel más activo en el manejo de personas con enfermedades sistémicas y el interés en trabajar de manera colaborativa. Conclusiones: Los participantes demostraron deficiente conocimiento en los factores de riesgo para el desarrollo de ECV y aceptable para los compartidos con periodontitis, siendo los más jóvenes y sin posgrado quienes mejor los identificaron. Pese a una actitud positiva hacia un rol activo y de colaboración, reportan baja seguridad en acciones como la remisión para cesación de tabaco. Se evidenció baja adherencia a prácticas basadas en evidencia, como la medición rutinaria de presión arterial con equipo automático. El análisis cualitativo permitió ver un escenario de oportunidades del que se infieren características deseables para el propósito de este estudio, principalmente en lo relacionado con el trabajo basado en equipos que tiene como principal característica la redistribución de tareas. La principal barrera detectada muestra un modelo de atención en salud guiado por tendencias del mercado, con enfoque curativo y baja participación del odontólogo en el desarrollo de política pública. El análisis de integración confirma la necesidad de fortalecer las competencias de los odontólogos en gestión del RCV y abordar barreras estructurales del modelo de atención en salud que por sus cambios muestra una oportunidad de participación del odontólogo en los equipos básicos de salud. Las actitudes positivas dejan ver una oportunidad de incorporación del odontólogo en la gestión del RCV y una posibilidad de hacerse útil en el fortalecimiento de competencias en salud oral de pares de otras profesiones. Se propone que una manera de integración es el desarrollo de prácticas colaborativas interprofesionales en los entornos educativo e institucional.Doctor en Salud PúblicaDoctoradoObjective: To develop a proposal for the inclusion of dentists in cardiovascular risk management at the primary care level by: describing the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) of dentists working in primary care; understanding the facilitators and barriers to cardiovascular risk management in dental practice; and analyzing aspects that could contribute to the inclusion of dentists within the framework of a multidisciplinary team-based care strategy. Methods: A convergent mixed-methods study was conducted. The quantitative component consisted of an analytical cross-sectional study using a self-administered KAP survey, validated by experts, and completed by 232 dentists practicing in Colombia, initially selected by simple random sampling and complemented by snowball sampling. Descriptive and multivariate analyses were performed using cluster analysis. The qualitative component consisted of a phenomenological design with a purposive sample of 15 dentists (program directors, research directors, and professors). Semi-structured interviews and deductive analysis based on five themes (Team-Based Work, Dentist Training, Knowledge Generation, Risk Factor Intervention, and Healthcare Model) were used, complemented by open coding for emerging categories. Finally, quantitative data from the KAP survey of practicing dentists and qualitative data from interviews with dentists affiliated with academia were integrated. The integration of both data sets was performed through side-by-side comparison in a joint visualization table, generating meta-inferences by identifying concordances and discrepancies between the findings. Quantitative Component Results: Dentists identified shared risk factors (tobacco: 80.6%, diabetes: 72.8%). Cluster 2 (younger, lower postgraduate level) best identified risk factors for the development of CVD and those shared with periodontitis. They reported confidence in discussing behavioral risks (tobacco: 78.5%, alcohol: 61.6%), but low confidence in referral to tobacco cessation programs (23.7%). They expressed interest in interdisciplinary collaboration (89.2%) and active management of systemically compromised patients (86.6%). Only 40.5% of dentists reported measuring blood pressure, 11.2% of the total participants reported always doing so, and 8.6% of the total participants stated that they always measure blood pressure during dental consultations using an automatic device. Qualitative component results: The most frequent categories emerging from the analysis of facilitators relate to multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary work, coordination with basic medical sciences in the training of dentists, and health education as a risk factor intervention strategy. Regarding barriers, the following stand out: the need to strengthen the role of the dentist to be an active part of multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary work, the need to strengthen competencies in CVD, and dentistry viewed as a business model, which reveals one of the main undesirable characteristics of the health care model. Integration results: There were greater concordances between the quantitative and qualitative findings than there were discrepancies. Data integration showed concordances between the quantitative findings and the categories described as facilitators in the areas of team-based work, dentist training, and risk factor intervention, as well as in the barriers described in the health care model and knowledge generation. The practices that most contrasted with those reported by the qualitative component participants were the low proportion of risk factor measurement. Among the attitudes, interest in expanding the practice, taking a more active role in the management of people with systemic diseases, and interest in working collaboratively stood out. Conclusions: Participants demonstrated poor knowledge of risk factors for the development of CVD and acceptable knowledge of those shared with periodontitis, with younger participants and those without postgraduate degrees being the most likely to identify them. Despite a positive attitude toward an active and collaborative role, they reported low confidence in actions such as referrals for smoking cessation. Low adherence to evidence-based practices, such as routine blood pressure measurement with automated equipment, was evident. The qualitative analysis revealed a scenario of opportunities from which desirable characteristics can be inferred for the purpose of this study, mainly related to team-based work.application/pdfAttribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 Internationalhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/Acceso abiertohttps://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2OdontólogosFactores de riesgo cardiovascularAtención primaria en saludAtención basada en equiposPrácticas colaborativasDentistsHeart disease risk factorsPrimary health careTeam-based careCollaborative practicesWA 100Gestión del riesgo cardiovascular integrado a la práctica odontológica en la atención primaria: propuesta de una estrategia basada en equipos multidisciplinariosIntegrated cardiovascular risk management in primary dental care: proposal for a strategy based on multidisciplinary teamsDoctorado en Salud PúblicaUniversidad El BosqueFacultad de MedicinaTesis/Trabajo de grado - Monografía - Doctoradohttps://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_db06http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_db06info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesishttps://purl.org/coar/version/c_ab4af688f83e57aa1. 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