Nativespeakerism and english teachers’pedagogical discourses

This research explored teachers’ and institutional pedagogical discourses regarding Nativespeakerism in an informal teaching setting in Bogotá through the analysis of semi-structured interviews. The purpose was to understand EFL teachers’ pedagogical discourses, their reconceptualizations, alienatio...

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Autores:
Estupiñán Castellanos, Germán Enrique
Tipo de recurso:
Fecha de publicación:
2020
Institución:
Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas
Repositorio:
RIUD: repositorio U. Distrital
Idioma:
spa
OAI Identifier:
oai:repository.udistrital.edu.co:11349/31542
Acceso en línea:
http://hdl.handle.net/11349/31542
Palabra clave:
Discursos pedagógicos
Docentes
Falacia
Hablante nativo
Maestría en Lingüística -- Tesis y disertaciones académicas
Inglés -- Enseñanza
Profesores de inglés
Inglés -- Enseñanza -- Investigaciones
Pedagogical discourses
Teachers
Nativespeakerism
Native speaker
Rights
License
An error occurred on the license name.
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dc.title.spa.fl_str_mv Nativespeakerism and english teachers’pedagogical discourses
dc.title.titleenglish.spa.fl_str_mv Nativespeakerism and english teachers’pedagogical discourses
title Nativespeakerism and english teachers’pedagogical discourses
spellingShingle Nativespeakerism and english teachers’pedagogical discourses
Discursos pedagógicos
Docentes
Falacia
Hablante nativo
Maestría en Lingüística -- Tesis y disertaciones académicas
Inglés -- Enseñanza
Profesores de inglés
Inglés -- Enseñanza -- Investigaciones
Pedagogical discourses
Teachers
Nativespeakerism
Native speaker
title_short Nativespeakerism and english teachers’pedagogical discourses
title_full Nativespeakerism and english teachers’pedagogical discourses
title_fullStr Nativespeakerism and english teachers’pedagogical discourses
title_full_unstemmed Nativespeakerism and english teachers’pedagogical discourses
title_sort Nativespeakerism and english teachers’pedagogical discourses
dc.creator.fl_str_mv Estupiñán Castellanos, Germán Enrique
dc.contributor.advisor.none.fl_str_mv Aldana, Yeraldine
dc.contributor.author.none.fl_str_mv Estupiñán Castellanos, Germán Enrique
dc.contributor.orcid.spa.fl_str_mv Aldana, Yeraldine [0000-0001-6655-2041]
dc.subject.spa.fl_str_mv Discursos pedagógicos
Docentes
Falacia
Hablante nativo
topic Discursos pedagógicos
Docentes
Falacia
Hablante nativo
Maestría en Lingüística -- Tesis y disertaciones académicas
Inglés -- Enseñanza
Profesores de inglés
Inglés -- Enseñanza -- Investigaciones
Pedagogical discourses
Teachers
Nativespeakerism
Native speaker
dc.subject.lemb.spa.fl_str_mv Maestría en Lingüística -- Tesis y disertaciones académicas
Inglés -- Enseñanza
Profesores de inglés
Inglés -- Enseñanza -- Investigaciones
dc.subject.keyword.spa.fl_str_mv Pedagogical discourses
Teachers
Nativespeakerism
Native speaker
description This research explored teachers’ and institutional pedagogical discourses regarding Nativespeakerism in an informal teaching setting in Bogotá through the analysis of semi-structured interviews. The purpose was to understand EFL teachers’ pedagogical discourses, their reconceptualizations, alienation and resistance attitudes, plus unveil power relationships when they face Nativespeakerism and the neoliberal discourse of standardization. This paper is framed within the Critical Applied Linguistics field and it attempts to approach the phenomenon under study from a poststructuralist perspective and the qualitative descriptive research (Merriam, 2019).
publishDate 2020
dc.date.created.none.fl_str_mv 2020-10-08
dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv 2023-06-06T23:06:35Z
dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv 2023-06-06T23:06:35Z
dc.type.spa.fl_str_mv bachelorThesis
dc.type.coar.fl_str_mv http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_7a1f
dc.type.degree.spa.fl_str_mv Monografía
dc.type.driver.spa.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/bachelorThesis
dc.identifier.uri.none.fl_str_mv http://hdl.handle.net/11349/31542
url http://hdl.handle.net/11349/31542
dc.language.iso.spa.fl_str_mv spa
language spa
dc.rights.*.fl_str_mv An error occurred on the license name.
dc.rights.coar.fl_str_mv http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
dc.rights.uri.*.fl_str_mv An error occurred getting the license - uri.
dc.rights.acceso.spa.fl_str_mv Abierto (Texto Completo)
rights_invalid_str_mv An error occurred on the license name.
An error occurred getting the license - uri.
Abierto (Texto Completo)
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
dc.format.mimetype.spa.fl_str_mv pdf
institution Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas
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spelling Aldana, Yeraldinewill be generated::orcid::0000-0001-6655-2041600Estupiñán Castellanos, Germán EnriqueAldana, Yeraldine [0000-0001-6655-2041]2023-06-06T23:06:35Z2023-06-06T23:06:35Z2020-10-08http://hdl.handle.net/11349/31542This research explored teachers’ and institutional pedagogical discourses regarding Nativespeakerism in an informal teaching setting in Bogotá through the analysis of semi-structured interviews. The purpose was to understand EFL teachers’ pedagogical discourses, their reconceptualizations, alienation and resistance attitudes, plus unveil power relationships when they face Nativespeakerism and the neoliberal discourse of standardization. This paper is framed within the Critical Applied Linguistics field and it attempts to approach the phenomenon under study from a poststructuralist perspective and the qualitative descriptive research (Merriam, 2019).Abstract The native speaker fallacy elicits both support and resistance within ELT settings. Nativespeakerism (NS) seems to create alienation and resistance mechanisms towards teachers’ and institutions’ pedagogical discourses in an informal teaching setting. The goal of this project is to understand teachers’ pedagogical discourses regarding NS within an EFL setting, to identify NS aspects within EFL teachers’ and institutions’ pedagogical discourses and to analyze relations of power derived from that dichotomy. This qualitative descriptive investigation took the critical perspective (Merriam, 2009) and the post-structuralist approach (Kincheloe, 2008) as frameworks of reference. The theoretical framework discusses the most relevant theory that backed up this qualitative investigation. In addition to, participants involved in this research were 3 English teachers from an EFL teaching setting, and the instruments were semi-structured interviews used to collect teachers’ pedagogical discourses regarding NS, and Grounded Theory (Strauss & Corbin, 1998) was the data analysis approach applied to systematize data. To illustrate, two findings contracted in this study were: first, the way mainstream pedagogical discourses impact in the same way to teachers and institutions; and second, how non-native teachers develop pedagogical positionings regarding the native speaker privileges and upon NS. Finally, findings displayed as conclusions that inner-circle countries are set as norm-providing models with an ELT industry exported to the expanding circle countries which turn only into non-dependent countries or consumers. Key Words: Nativespeakerism, teachers, institutions, pedagogical discourses, alienation, resistance, self-positioning.NingunopdfspaAn error occurred on the license name.An error occurred getting the license - uri.Abierto (Texto Completo)http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2Discursos pedagógicosDocentesFalaciaHablante nativoMaestría en Lingüística -- Tesis y disertaciones académicasInglés -- EnseñanzaProfesores de inglésInglés -- Enseñanza -- InvestigacionesPedagogical discoursesTeachersNativespeakerismNative speakerNativespeakerism and english teachers’pedagogical discoursesNativespeakerism and english teachers’pedagogical discoursesbachelorThesisMonografíainfo:eu-repo/semantics/bachelorThesishttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_7a1fTHUMBNAILTesis Germán Estupiñán.pdf.jpgTesis Germán Estupiñán.pdf.jpgIM Thumbnailimage/jpeg4541https://repository.udistrital.edu.co/bitstreams/6a78209d-bddd-4780-9855-e75e5ba674e6/download90911c467c42251384cb1533aace06f8MD55Licencia de uso y 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name.open.accesshttps://repository.udistrital.edu.coRepositorio Universidad Distritalrepositorio@udistrital.edu.coTElDRU5DSUEgWSBBVVRPUklaQUNJw5NOIEVTUEVDSUFMIFBBUkEgUFVCTElDQVIgWSBQRVJNSVRJUiBMQSBDT05TVUxUQSBZIFVTTyBERSBDT05URU5JRE9TIEVOIEVMIFJFUE9TSVRPUklPIElOU1RJVFVDSU9OQUwgREUgTEEgVU5JVkVSU0lEQUQgRElTVFJJVEFMClTDqXJtaW5vcyB5IGNvbmRpY2lvbmVzIGRlIHVzbyBwYXJhIHB1YmxpY2FjacOzbiBkZSBvYnJhcyBlbiBlbCBSZXBvc2l0b3JpbyBJbnN0aXR1Y2lvbmFsIGRlIGxhIFVuaXZlcnNpZGFkIERpc3RyaXRhbCBGcmFuY2lzY28gSm9zw6kgZGUgQ2FsZGFzIChSSVVEKQoKQ29tbyB0aXR1bGFyKGVzKSBkZWwob3MpIGRlcmVjaG8ocykgZGUgYXV0b3IsIGNvbmZpZXJvIChlcmltb3MpIGEgbGEgVW5pdmVyc2lkYWQgRGlzdHJpdGFsIEZyYW5jaXNjbyBKb3PDqSBkZSBDYWxkYXMgKGVuIGFkZWxhbnRlLCBMQSBVTklWRVJTSURBRCkgdW5hIGxpY2VuY2lhIHBhcmEgdXNvIG5vIGV4Y2x1c2l2YSwgbGltaXRhZGEgeSBncmF0dWl0YSBzb2JyZSBsYSBvYnJhIHF1ZSBpbnRlZ3JhcsOhIGVsIFJlcG9zaXRvcmlvIEluc3RpdHVjaW9uYWwgKGVuIGFkZWxhbnRlLCBSSVVEKSwgZGUgYWN1ZXJkbyBhIGxhcyBzaWd1aWVudGVzIHJlZ2xhcywgbGFzIGN1YWxlcyBkZWNsYXJvIChhbW9zKSBjb25vY2VyIHkgYWNlcHRhcjoKCmEpCUVzdGFyw6EgdmlnZW50ZSBhIHBhcnRpciBkZSBsYSBmZWNoYSBlbiBxdWUgc2UgaW5jbHV5YSBlbiBlbCBSSVVEIHkgaGFzdGEgcG9yIHVuIHBsYXpvIGRlIGRpZXogKDEwKSBBw7FvcywgcHJvcnJvZ2FibGUgaW5kZWZpbmlkYW1lbnRlIHBvciBlbCB0aWVtcG8gcXVlIGR1cmUgZWwgZGVyZWNobyBQYXRyaW1vbmlhbCBkZWwgYXV0b3I7IGxhIGN1YWwgcG9kcsOhIGRhcnNlIHBvciB0ZXJtaW5hZGEgcHJldmlhIHNvbGljaXR1ZCBhIExBIFVOSVZFUlNJREFEIHBvciBlc2NyaXRvIGNvbiB1bmEgYW50ZWxhY2nDs24gZGUgZG9zICgyKSBtZXNlcyBhbnRlcyBkZWwgdmVuY2ltaWVudG8gZGVsIHBsYXpvIGluaWNpYWwgbyBlbCBkZSBzdShzKSBwcsOzcnJvZ2EocykuICAKCmIpCUxBIFVOSVZFUlNJREFEIHBvZHLDoSBwdWJsaWNhciBsYSBvYnJhIGVuIGxhcyBkaXN0aW50YXMgdmVyc2lvbmVzIHJlcXVlcmlkYXMgcG9yIGVsIFJJVUQgKGRpZ2l0YWwsIGltcHJlc28sIGVsZWN0csOzbmljbyB1IG90cm8gbWVkaW8gY29ub2NpZG8gbyBwb3IgY29ub2NlcikgTEEgVU5JVkVSU0lEQUQgbm8gc2Vyw6EgcmVzcG9uc2FibGUgZW4gZWwgZXZlbnRvIHF1ZSBlbCBkb2N1bWVudG8gYXBhcmV6Y2EgcmVmZXJlbmNpYWRvIGVuIG1vdG9yZXMgZGUgYsO6c3F1ZWRhIG8gcmVwb3NpdG9yaW9zIGRpZmVyZW50ZXMgYWwgUklVRCwgdW5hIHZleiBlbChvcykgYXV0b3IoZXMpIHNvbGljaXRlbiBzdSBlbGltaW5hY2nDs24gZGVsIFJJVUQsIGRhZG8gcXVlIGxhIG1pc21hIHNlcsOhIHB1YmxpY2FkYSBlbiBJbnRlcm5ldC4gCgpjKQlMYSBhdXRvcml6YWNpw7NuIHNlIGhhY2UgYSB0w610dWxvIGdyYXR1aXRvLCBwb3IgbG8gdGFudG8sIGxvcyBhdXRvcmVzIHJlbnVuY2lhbiBhIHJlY2liaXIgYmVuZWZpY2lvIGFsZ3VubyBwb3IgbGEgcHVibGljYWNpw7NuLCBkaXN0cmlidWNpw7NuLCBjb211bmljYWNpw7NuIHDDumJsaWNhIHkgY3VhbHF1aWVyIG90cm8gdXNvIHF1ZSBzZSBoYWdhIGVuIGxvcyB0w6lybWlub3MgZGUgbGEgcHJlc2VudGUgbGljZW5jaWEgeSBkZSBsYSBsaWNlbmNpYSBkZSB1c28gY29uIHF1ZSBzZSBwdWJsaWNhIChDcmVhdGl2ZSBDb21tb25zKS4KCmQpCUxvcyBjb250ZW5pZG9zIHB1YmxpY2Fkb3MgZW4gZWwgUklVRCBzb24gb2JyYShzKSBvcmlnaW5hbChlcykgc29icmUgbGEgY3VhbChlcykgZWwob3MpIGF1dG9yKGVzKSBjb21vIHRpdHVsYXJlcyBkZSBsb3MgZGVyZWNob3MgZGUgYXV0b3IsIGFzdW1lbiB0b3RhbCByZXNwb25zYWJpbGlkYWQgcG9yIGVsIGNvbnRlbmlkbyBkZSBzdSBvYnJhIGFudGUgTEEgVU5JVkVSU0lEQUQgeSBhbnRlIHRlcmNlcm9zLiBFbiB0b2RvIGNhc28gTEEgVU5JVkVSU0lEQUQgc2UgY29tcHJvbWV0ZSBhIGluZGljYXIgc2llbXByZSBsYSBhdXRvcsOtYSBpbmNsdXllbmRvIGVsIG5vbWJyZSBkZWwgYXV0b3IgeSBsYSBmZWNoYSBkZSBwdWJsaWNhY2nDs24uCgplKQlMQSBVTklWRVJTSURBRCBwb2Ryw6EgaW5jbHVpciBsYSBvYnJhIGVuIGxvcyDDrW5kaWNlcyB5IGJ1c2NhZG9yZXMgcXVlIGVzdGltZW4gbmVjZXNhcmlvcyBwYXJhIG1heGltaXphciBsYSB2aXNpYmlsaWRhZCBlbCB1c28geSBlbCBpbXBhY3RvIGRlIGxhIHByb2R1Y2Npw7NuIGNpZW50w61maWNhLCBhcnTDrXN0aWNhIHkgYWNhZMOpbWljYSBlbiBsYSBjb211bmlkYWQgbG9jYWwsIG5hY2lvbmFsIG8gaW50ZXJuYWNpb25hbC4gCgoKZikJTEEgVU5JVkVSU0lEQUQgcG9kcsOhIGNvbnZlcnRpciBsYSBvYnJhIGEgY3VhbHF1aWVyIG1lZGlvIG8gZm9ybWF0byBjb24gZWwgZmluIGRlIHN1IHByZXNlcnZhY2nDs24gZW4gZWwgdGllbXBvIHF1ZSBsYSBwcmVzZW50ZSBsaWNlbmNpYSB5IGxhIGRlIHN1cyBwcsOzcnJvZ2FzLgoKCkNvbiBiYXNlIGVuIGxvIGFudGVyaW9yIGF1dG9yaXpvKGFtb3MpLCBhIGZhdm9yIGRlbCBSSVVEIHkgZGUgc3VzIHVzdWFyaW9zLCBsYSBwdWJsaWNhY2nDs24geSBjb25zdWx0YSBkZSBsYSBzaWd1aWVudGUgb2JyYToKClRpdHVsbyAJCkF1dG9yCUFwZWxsaWRvcwlOb21icmVzCjEJCQoyCQkKMwkJCiAKCmcpCUF1dG9yaXpvKGFtb3MpLCBxdWUgbGEgb2JyYSBzZWEgcHVlc3RhIGEgZGlzcG9zaWNpw7NuIGRlbCBww7pibGljbyBlbiBsb3MgdMOpcm1pbm9zIGVzdGFibGVjaWRvcyBlbiBsb3MgbGl0ZXJhbGVzIGFudGVyaW9yZXMsIGJham8gbG9zIGzDrW1pdGVzIGRlZmluaWRvcyBwb3IgTEEgVU5JVkVSU0lEQUQsIGVuIGxhcyDigJxDb25kaWNpb25lcyBkZSB1c28gZGUgZXN0cmljdG8gY3VtcGxpbWllbnRv4oCdIGRlIGxvcyByZWN1cnNvcyBwdWJsaWNhZG9zIGVuIGVsIFJJVUQsIGN1eW8gdGV4dG8gY29tcGxldG8gc2UgcHVlZGUgY29uc3VsdGFyIGVuIGh0dHA6Ly9yZXBvc2l0b3J5LnVkaXN0cml0YWwuZWR1LmNvLwoKaCkJQ29ub3pjbyhjZW1vcykgeSBhY2VwdG8oYW1vcykgcXVlIG90b3JnbyhhbW9zKSB1bmEgbGljZW5jaWEgZXNwZWNpYWwgcGFyYSBwdWJsaWNhY2nDs24gZGUgb2JyYXMgZW4gZWwgUmVwb3NpdG9yaW8gSW5zdGl0dWNpb25hbCBkZSBsYSBVbml2ZXJzaWRhZCBEaXN0cml0YWwgRnJhbmNpc2NvIEpvc8OpIGRlIENhbGRhcywgbGljZW5jaWEgICBkZSBsYSBjdWFsIGhlIChoZW1vcykgb2J0ZW5pZG8gdW5hIGNvcGlhLgoKaSkJTWFuaWZpZXN0byhhbW9zKSBtaSAobnVlc3RybykgdG90YWwgYWN1ZXJkbyBjb24gbGFzIGNvbmRpY2lvbmVzIGRlIHVzbyB5IHB1YmxpY2FjacOzbiBlbiBlbCBSZXBvc2l0b3JpbyBJbnN0aXR1Y2lvbmFsIGRlIGxhIFVuaXZlcnNpZGFkIERpc3RyaXRhbCBGcmFuY2lzY28gSm9zw6kgZGUgQ2FsZGFzIHF1ZSBzZSBkZXNjcmliZW4geSBleHBsaWNhbiBlbiBlbCBwcmVzZW50ZSBkb2N1bWVudG8uCgpqKQlDb25vemNvKGNlbW9zKSBsYSBub3JtYXRpdmlkYWQgaW50ZXJuYSBkZSAgTEEgVU5JVkVSU0lEQUQ7IGVuIGNvbmNyZXRvLCBlbCBBY3VlcmRvIDAwNCBkZSAyMDEyIGRlbCBDU1UsIEFjdWVyZG8gMDIzIGRlIDIwMTIgZGVsIENTVSBzb2JyZSBQb2zDrXRpY2EgRWRpdG9yaWFsLCBBY3VlcmRvIDAyNiAgZGVsIDMxIGRlIGp1bGlvIGRlIDIwMTIgc29icmUgZWwgcHJvY2VkaW1pZW50byBwYXJhIGxhIHB1YmxpY2FjacOzbiBkZSB0ZXNpcyBkZSBwb3N0Z3JhZG8gZGUgbG9zIGVzdHVkaWFudGVzIGRlIGxhIFVuaXZlcnNpZGFkIERpc3RyaXRhbCBGcmFuY2lzY28gSm9zw6kgZGUgQ2FsZGFzLCAgQWN1ZXJkbyAwMzAgZGVsIDAzIGRlIGRpY2llbWJyZSBkZSAyMDEzIHBvciBtZWRpbyBkZWwgY3VhbCBzZSBjcmVhIGVsIFJlcG9zaXRvcmlvIEluc3RpdHVjaW9uYWwgZGUgbGEgVW5pdmVyc2lkYWQgRGlzdHJpdGFsIEZyYW5jaXNjbyBKb3PDqSBkZSBDYWxkYXMsIEFjdWVyZG8gMDM4IGRlIDIwMTUgMjAxNSDigJxwb3IgZWwgY3VhbCBzZSBtb2RpZmljYSBlbCBBY3VlcmRvIDAzMSBkZSAyMDE0IGRlIDIwMTQgcXVlIHJlZ2xhbWVudGEgZWwgdHJhYmFqbyBkZSBncmFkbyBwYXJhIGxvcyBlc3R1ZGlhbnRlcyBkZSBwcmVncmFkbyBkZSBsYSBVbml2ZXJzaWRhZCBEaXN0cml0YWwgRnJhbmNpc2NvIEpvc8OpIGRlIENhbGRhcyB5IHNlIGRpY3RhbiBvdHJhcyBkaXJlY3RyaWNlc+KAnSB5IGxhcyBkZW3DoXMgbm9ybWFzIGNvbmNvcmRhbnRlIHkgY29tcGxlbWVudGFyaWFzIHF1ZSByaWdlbiBhbCByZXNwZWN0bywgZXNwZWNpYWxtZW50ZSBsYSBsZXkgMjMgZGUgMTk4MiwgbGEgbGV5IDQ0IGRlIDE5OTMgeSBsYSBkZWNpc2nDs24gQW5kaW5hIDM1MSBkZSAxOTkzLiBFc3RvcyBkb2N1bWVudG9zIHBvZHLDoW4gc2VyIGNvbnN1bHRhZG9zIHkgZGVzY2FyZ2Fkb3MgZW4gZWwgcG9ydGFsIHdlYiBkZSBsYSBiaWJsaW90ZWNhIGh0dHA6Ly9zaXN0ZW1hZGViaWJsaW90ZWNhcy51ZGlzdHJpdGFsLmVkdS5jby8gIAoKaykJQWNlcHRvKGFtb3MpIHF1ZSBMQSBVTklWRVJTSURBRCBubyBzZSByZXNwb25zYWJpbGl6YSBwb3IgbGFzIGluZnJhY2Npb25lcyBhIGxhIHByb3BpZWRhZCBpbnRlbGVjdHVhbCBvIERlcmVjaG9zIGRlIEF1dG9yIGNhdXNhZGFzIHBvciBsb3MgdGl0dWxhcmVzIGRlIGxhIHByZXNlbnRlIExpY2VuY2lhIHkgZGVjbGFyYW1vcyBxdWUgbWFudGVuZHLDqSAoZW1vcykgaW5kZW1uZSBhIExBIFVOSVZFUlNJREFEIHBvciBsYXMgcmVjbGFtYWNpb25lcyBsZWdhbGVzIGRlIGN1YWxxdWllciB0aXBvIHF1ZSBsbGVnYXJlbiBhIHByZXNlbnRhcnNlIHBvciB2aW9sYWNpw7NuIGRlIGRlcmVjaG9zIGEgbGEgcHJvcGllZGFkIGludGVsZWN0dWFsIG8gZGUgQXV0b3IgcmVsYWNpb25hZG9zIGNvbiBsb3MgZG9jdW1lbnRvcyByZWdpc3RyYWRvcyBlbiBlbCBSSVVELgoKbCkJRWwgKGxvcykgYXV0b3IoZXMpIG1hbmlmaWVzdGEobW9zKSBxdWUgbGEgb2JyYSBvYmpldG8gZGUgbGEgcHJlc2VudGUgYXV0b3JpemFjacOzbiBlcyBvcmlnaW5hbCwgZGUgZXhjbHVzaXZhIGF1dG9yw61hLCB5IHNlIHJlYWxpesOzIHNpbiB2aW9sYXIgbyB1c3VycGFyIGRlcmVjaG9zIGRlIGF1dG9yIGRlIHRlcmNlcm9zOyBkZSB0YWwgc3VlcnRlLCBlbiBjYXNvIGRlIHByZXNlbnRhcnNlIGN1YWxxdWllciByZWNsYW1hY2nDs24gbyBhY2Npw7NuIHBvciBwYXJ0ZSBkZSB1biB0ZXJjZXJvIGVuIGN1YW50byBhIGxvcyBkZXJlY2hvcyBkZSBhdXRvciBzb2JyZSBsYSBvYnJhLCBlbCAobG9zKSBlc3R1ZGlhbnRlKHMpIOKAkyBhdXRvcihlcykgYXN1bWlyw6EobikgdG9kYSBsYSByZXNwb25zYWJpbGlkYWQgeSBzYWxkcsOhKG4pIGVuIGRlZmVuc2EgZGUgbG9zIGRlcmVjaG9zIGFxdcOtIGF1dG9yaXphZG9zLiBQYXJhIHRvZG9zIGxvcyBlZmVjdG9zLCBMQSBVTklWRVJTSURBRCBhY3TDumEgY29tbyB1biB0ZXJjZXJvIGRlIGJ1ZW5hIGZlLiAgIAoKCm0pCUVsIChsb3MpIGF1dG9yKGVzKSBtYW5pZmllc3RhKG1vcykgcXVlIGNvbm96Y28oY2Vtb3MpIGxhIGF1dG9ub23DrWEgeSBsb3MgZGVyZWNob3MsIHF1ZSBwb3NlZShtb3MpIHNvYnJlIGxhIG9icmEgeSwgY29tbyB0YWwsIGVzIChzb21vcykgcmVzcG9uc2FibGUocykgZGVsIGFsY2FuY2UganVyw61kaWNvIHkgbGVnYWwsIGRlIGVzY29nZXIgbGEgb3BjacOzbiBkZSBsYSBwdWJsaWNhY2nDs24gbyBkZSByZXN0cmljY2nDs24gZGUgbGEgcHVibGljYWNpw7NuIGRlbCBkb2N1bWVudG8gcmVnaXN0cmFkbyBlbiBlbCBSSVVELgoKCgoKU0kgRUwgRE9DVU1FTlRPIFNFIEJBU0EgRU4gVU4gVFJBQkFKTyBRVUUgSEEgU0lETyBQQVRST0NJTkFETyBPIEFQT1lBRE8gUE9SIFVOQSBBR0VOQ0lBIE8gVU5BIE9SR0FOSVpBQ0nDk04sIENPTiBFWENFUENJw5NOIERFIExBIFVOSVZFUlNJREFEIERJU1RSSVRBTCBGUkFOQ0lTQ08gSk9TRSBERSBDQUxEQVMsIExPUyBBVVRPUkVTIEdBUkFOVElaQU4gUVVFIFNFIEhBIENVTVBMSURPIENPTiBMT1MgCkRFUkVDSE9TIFkgT0JMSUdBQ0lPTkVTIFJFUVVFUklET1MgUE9SIEVMIFJFU1BFQ1RJVk8gQ09OVFJBVE8gTyBBQ1VFUkRPLgoKCgoKCgoKCgoKCgoKCgoKCgoKCgpFbiBjb25zdGFuY2lhIGRlIGxvIGFudGVyaW9yLCBmaXJtbyhhbW9zKSBlbCBwcmVzZW50ZSBkb2N1bWVudG8sIGVuIGxhIGNpdWRhZCBkZSBCb2dvdMOhLCBELkMuLCBhIGxvcyAKCgpGSVJNQSBERSBMT1MgVElUVUxBUkVTIERFIERFUkVDSE9TIERFIEFVVE9SCgpfX19fX19fX19fX19fX19fX19fX19fX19fX19fX19fX19fX19fX19fX18gICBDLkMuIE5vLiBfX19fX19fX19fX19fX19fX18KX19fX19fX19fX19fX19fX19fX19fX19fX19fX19fX19fX19fX19fX19fICAgQy5DLiBOby4gX19fX19fX19fX19fX19fX19fCl9fX19fX19fX19fX19fX19fX19fX19fX19fX19fX19fX19fX19fX19fXyAgIEMuQy4gTm8uIF9fX19fX19fX19fX19fX19fXwoKCgpDb3JyZW8gRWxlY3Ryw7NuaWNvIEluc3RpdHVjaW9uYWwgZGVsIChkZSBsb3MpIEF1dG9yKGVzKToKCkF1dG9yCUNvcnJlbyBFbGVjdHLDs25pY28gCjEJCjIJCjMJCgpOb21icmUgZGUgRGlyZWN0b3IoZXMpIGRlIEdyYWRvOgoKMQkKMgkKMwkKCk5vbWJyZSBGYWN1bHRhZCB5IFByb3llY3RvIEN1cnJpY3VsYXI6CgpGYWN1bHRhZAlQcm95ZWN0byBDdXJyaWN1bGFyCgkKCgoKCgoKCk5vdGE6IEVuIGNhc28gcXVlIG5vIGVzdMOpIGRlIGFjdWVyZG8gY29uIGxhcyBjb25kaWNpb25lcyBkZSBsYSBwcmVzZW50ZSBsaWNlbmNpYSwgeSBtYW5pZmllc3RlIGFsZ3VuYSByZXN0cmljY2nDs24gc29icmUgbGEgb2JyYSwganVzdGlmaXF1ZSBsb3MgbW90aXZvcyBwb3IgbG9zIGN1YWxlcyBlbCBkb2N1bWVudG8geSBzdXMgYW5leG9zIG5vIHB1ZWRlbiBzZXIgcHVibGljYWRvcyBlbiBlbCBSZXBvc2l0b3JpbyBJbnN0aXR1Y2lvbmFsIGRlIGxhIFVuaXZlcnNpZGFkIERpc3RyaXRhbCBGcmFuY2lzY28gSm9zw6kgZGUgQ2FsZGFzIFJJVUQuCgoKU2kgcmVxdWllcmUgbcOhcyBlc3BhY2lvLCBwdWVkZSBhbmV4YXIgdW5hIGNvcGlhIHNpbWlsYXIgYSBlc3RhIGhvamEKCgo=

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