Selecting the best AOP for isoxazolyl penicillins degradation as a function of water characteristics: Effects of pH, chemical nature of additives and pollutant concentration
ABSTRACT: To provide new insights toward the selection of the most suitable AOP for isoxazolyl penicillins elimination, the degradation of dicloxacillin, a isoxazolyl penicillin model, was studied using different advanced oxidation processes (AOPs): ultrasound (US), photo-Fenton (UV/H2O2/Fe2þ) and T...
- Autores:
-
Villegas Guzmán, Paola
Silva Agredo, Javier
Flórez Acosta, Oscar Albeiro
Giraldo Aguirre, Ana Liliana
Pulgarín Gómez, Cesar
Torres Palma, Ricardo Antonio
- Tipo de recurso:
- Article of investigation
- Fecha de publicación:
- 2017
- Institución:
- Universidad de Antioquia
- Repositorio:
- Repositorio UdeA
- Idioma:
- eng
- OAI Identifier:
- oai:bibliotecadigital.udea.edu.co:10495/43383
- Acceso en línea:
- https://hdl.handle.net/10495/43383
- Palabra clave:
- 2-Propanol
Bicarbonatos
Bicarbonates
Biodegradación Ambiental
Biodegradation, Environmental
Catálisis
Catalysis
Glucosa - química
Glucose - chemistry
Peróxido de Hidrógeno
Hydrogen Peroxide
Concentración de Iones de Hidrógeno
Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
Hierro - química
Iron - chemistry
Ácido Oxálico
Oxalic Acid
Oxidación-Reducción
Oxidation-Reduction
Penicilinas
Penicillins
Titanio - química
Titanium - chemistry
Ultrasonido - métodos
Ultrasonics - methods
Rayos Ultravioleta
Ultraviolet Rays
Aguas Residuales
Wastewater
Contaminantes Químicos del Agua
Water Pollutants, Chemical
Purificación del Agua - métodos
Water Purification - methods
https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D019840
https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D001639
https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D001673
https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D002384
https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D005947
https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D006861
https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D006863
https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D007501
https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D019815
https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D010084
https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D010406
https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D014025
https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D014465
https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D014466
https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D062065
https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D014874
https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D018508
- Rights
- openAccess
- License
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.5/co/
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| dc.title.spa.fl_str_mv |
Selecting the best AOP for isoxazolyl penicillins degradation as a function of water characteristics: Effects of pH, chemical nature of additives and pollutant concentration |
| title |
Selecting the best AOP for isoxazolyl penicillins degradation as a function of water characteristics: Effects of pH, chemical nature of additives and pollutant concentration |
| spellingShingle |
Selecting the best AOP for isoxazolyl penicillins degradation as a function of water characteristics: Effects of pH, chemical nature of additives and pollutant concentration 2-Propanol Bicarbonatos Bicarbonates Biodegradación Ambiental Biodegradation, Environmental Catálisis Catalysis Glucosa - química Glucose - chemistry Peróxido de Hidrógeno Hydrogen Peroxide Concentración de Iones de Hidrógeno Hydrogen-Ion Concentration Hierro - química Iron - chemistry Ácido Oxálico Oxalic Acid Oxidación-Reducción Oxidation-Reduction Penicilinas Penicillins Titanio - química Titanium - chemistry Ultrasonido - métodos Ultrasonics - methods Rayos Ultravioleta Ultraviolet Rays Aguas Residuales Wastewater Contaminantes Químicos del Agua Water Pollutants, Chemical Purificación del Agua - métodos Water Purification - methods https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D019840 https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D001639 https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D001673 https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D002384 https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D005947 https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D006861 https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D006863 https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D007501 https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D019815 https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D010084 https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D010406 https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D014025 https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D014465 https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D014466 https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D062065 https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D014874 https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D018508 |
| title_short |
Selecting the best AOP for isoxazolyl penicillins degradation as a function of water characteristics: Effects of pH, chemical nature of additives and pollutant concentration |
| title_full |
Selecting the best AOP for isoxazolyl penicillins degradation as a function of water characteristics: Effects of pH, chemical nature of additives and pollutant concentration |
| title_fullStr |
Selecting the best AOP for isoxazolyl penicillins degradation as a function of water characteristics: Effects of pH, chemical nature of additives and pollutant concentration |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Selecting the best AOP for isoxazolyl penicillins degradation as a function of water characteristics: Effects of pH, chemical nature of additives and pollutant concentration |
| title_sort |
Selecting the best AOP for isoxazolyl penicillins degradation as a function of water characteristics: Effects of pH, chemical nature of additives and pollutant concentration |
| dc.creator.fl_str_mv |
Villegas Guzmán, Paola Silva Agredo, Javier Flórez Acosta, Oscar Albeiro Giraldo Aguirre, Ana Liliana Pulgarín Gómez, Cesar Torres Palma, Ricardo Antonio |
| dc.contributor.author.none.fl_str_mv |
Villegas Guzmán, Paola Silva Agredo, Javier Flórez Acosta, Oscar Albeiro Giraldo Aguirre, Ana Liliana Pulgarín Gómez, Cesar Torres Palma, Ricardo Antonio |
| dc.contributor.researchgroup.spa.fl_str_mv |
Diseño y Formulación de Medicamentos Cosméticos y Afines Grupo de Investigación en Remediación Ambiental y Biocatálisis |
| dc.subject.decs.none.fl_str_mv |
2-Propanol Bicarbonatos Bicarbonates Biodegradación Ambiental Biodegradation, Environmental Catálisis Catalysis Glucosa - química Glucose - chemistry Peróxido de Hidrógeno Hydrogen Peroxide Concentración de Iones de Hidrógeno Hydrogen-Ion Concentration Hierro - química Iron - chemistry Ácido Oxálico Oxalic Acid Oxidación-Reducción Oxidation-Reduction Penicilinas Penicillins Titanio - química Titanium - chemistry Ultrasonido - métodos Ultrasonics - methods Rayos Ultravioleta Ultraviolet Rays Aguas Residuales Wastewater Contaminantes Químicos del Agua Water Pollutants, Chemical Purificación del Agua - métodos Water Purification - methods |
| topic |
2-Propanol Bicarbonatos Bicarbonates Biodegradación Ambiental Biodegradation, Environmental Catálisis Catalysis Glucosa - química Glucose - chemistry Peróxido de Hidrógeno Hydrogen Peroxide Concentración de Iones de Hidrógeno Hydrogen-Ion Concentration Hierro - química Iron - chemistry Ácido Oxálico Oxalic Acid Oxidación-Reducción Oxidation-Reduction Penicilinas Penicillins Titanio - química Titanium - chemistry Ultrasonido - métodos Ultrasonics - methods Rayos Ultravioleta Ultraviolet Rays Aguas Residuales Wastewater Contaminantes Químicos del Agua Water Pollutants, Chemical Purificación del Agua - métodos Water Purification - methods https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D019840 https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D001639 https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D001673 https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D002384 https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D005947 https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D006861 https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D006863 https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D007501 https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D019815 https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D010084 https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D010406 https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D014025 https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D014465 https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D014466 https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D062065 https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D014874 https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D018508 |
| dc.subject.meshuri.none.fl_str_mv |
https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D019840 https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D001639 https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D001673 https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D002384 https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D005947 https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D006861 https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D006863 https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D007501 https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D019815 https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D010084 https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D010406 https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D014025 https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D014465 https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D014466 https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D062065 https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D014874 https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D018508 |
| description |
ABSTRACT: To provide new insights toward the selection of the most suitable AOP for isoxazolyl penicillins elimination, the degradation of dicloxacillin, a isoxazolyl penicillin model, was studied using different advanced oxidation processes (AOPs): ultrasound (US), photo-Fenton (UV/H2O2/Fe2þ) and TiO2 photo- catalysis (UV/TiO2). Although all processes achieved total removal of the antibiotic and antimicrobial activity, and increased the biodegradability level of the solutions, significant differences concerning the mineralization extend, the pH of the solution, the pollutant concentration and the chemical nature of additives were found. UV/TiO2 reached almost complete mineralization; while ~10% mineralization was obtained for UV/H2O2/Fe2þ and practically zero for US. Effect of initial pH, mineral natural water and the presence of organic (glucose, 2-propanol and oxalic acid) were then investigated. UV/H2O2/Fe2þ and US processes were improved in acidic media, while natural pH favored UV/TiO2 system. According to both the nature of the added organic compound and the process, inhibition, no effect or enhancement of the degradation rate was observed. The degradation in natural mineral water showed contrasting results according to the antibiotic concentration: US process was enhanced at low concentration of dicloxacillin followed by detrimental effects at high substrate concentrations. A contrary effect was observed during photo-Fenton, while UV/TiO2 was inhibited in all of cases. Finally, a schema illustrating the enhancement or inhibiting effects of water matrix is proposed as a tool for selecting the best process for isoxazolyl penicillins degradation. |
| publishDate |
2017 |
| dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv |
2017 |
| dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv |
2024-11-11T19:22:23Z |
| dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv |
2024-11-11T19:22:23Z |
| dc.type.spa.fl_str_mv |
Artículo de investigación |
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http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1 |
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https://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/ART |
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http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85 |
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info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
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info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
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http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1 |
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publishedVersion |
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Villegas-Guzman P, Silva-Agredo J, Florez O, Giraldo-Aguirre AL, Pulgarin C, Torres-Palma RA. Selecting the best AOP for isoxazolyl penicillins degradation as a function of water characteristics: Effects of pH, chemical nature of additives and pollutant concentration. J Environ Manage. 2017 Apr 1;190:72-79. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.12.056. |
| dc.identifier.issn.none.fl_str_mv |
0301-4797 |
| dc.identifier.uri.none.fl_str_mv |
https://hdl.handle.net/10495/43383 |
| dc.identifier.doi.none.fl_str_mv |
10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.12.056 |
| dc.identifier.eissn.none.fl_str_mv |
1095-8630 |
| identifier_str_mv |
Villegas-Guzman P, Silva-Agredo J, Florez O, Giraldo-Aguirre AL, Pulgarin C, Torres-Palma RA. Selecting the best AOP for isoxazolyl penicillins degradation as a function of water characteristics: Effects of pH, chemical nature of additives and pollutant concentration. J Environ Manage. 2017 Apr 1;190:72-79. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.12.056. 0301-4797 10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.12.056 1095-8630 |
| url |
https://hdl.handle.net/10495/43383 |
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eng |
| language |
eng |
| dc.relation.ispartofjournalabbrev.spa.fl_str_mv |
J. Environ. Manage. |
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79 |
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70 |
| dc.relation.citationvolume.spa.fl_str_mv |
190 |
| dc.relation.ispartofjournal.spa.fl_str_mv |
Journal of Environmental Management |
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8 páginas |
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Elsevier |
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Villegas Guzmán, PaolaSilva Agredo, JavierFlórez Acosta, Oscar AlbeiroGiraldo Aguirre, Ana LilianaPulgarín Gómez, CesarTorres Palma, Ricardo AntonioDiseño y Formulación de Medicamentos Cosméticos y AfinesGrupo de Investigación en Remediación Ambiental y Biocatálisis2024-11-11T19:22:23Z2024-11-11T19:22:23Z2017Villegas-Guzman P, Silva-Agredo J, Florez O, Giraldo-Aguirre AL, Pulgarin C, Torres-Palma RA. Selecting the best AOP for isoxazolyl penicillins degradation as a function of water characteristics: Effects of pH, chemical nature of additives and pollutant concentration. J Environ Manage. 2017 Apr 1;190:72-79. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.12.056.0301-4797https://hdl.handle.net/10495/4338310.1016/j.jenvman.2016.12.0561095-8630ABSTRACT: To provide new insights toward the selection of the most suitable AOP for isoxazolyl penicillins elimination, the degradation of dicloxacillin, a isoxazolyl penicillin model, was studied using different advanced oxidation processes (AOPs): ultrasound (US), photo-Fenton (UV/H2O2/Fe2þ) and TiO2 photo- catalysis (UV/TiO2). Although all processes achieved total removal of the antibiotic and antimicrobial activity, and increased the biodegradability level of the solutions, significant differences concerning the mineralization extend, the pH of the solution, the pollutant concentration and the chemical nature of additives were found. UV/TiO2 reached almost complete mineralization; while ~10% mineralization was obtained for UV/H2O2/Fe2þ and practically zero for US. Effect of initial pH, mineral natural water and the presence of organic (glucose, 2-propanol and oxalic acid) were then investigated. UV/H2O2/Fe2þ and US processes were improved in acidic media, while natural pH favored UV/TiO2 system. According to both the nature of the added organic compound and the process, inhibition, no effect or enhancement of the degradation rate was observed. The degradation in natural mineral water showed contrasting results according to the antibiotic concentration: US process was enhanced at low concentration of dicloxacillin followed by detrimental effects at high substrate concentrations. A contrary effect was observed during photo-Fenton, while UV/TiO2 was inhibited in all of cases. Finally, a schema illustrating the enhancement or inhibiting effects of water matrix is proposed as a tool for selecting the best process for isoxazolyl penicillins degradation.COL0125116COL00036238 páginasapplication/pdfengElsevierLondres, Inglaterrahttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.5/co/https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2Selecting the best AOP for isoxazolyl penicillins degradation as a function of water characteristics: Effects of pH, chemical nature of additives and pollutant concentrationArtículo de investigaciónhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1https://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/ARThttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85info:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion2-PropanolBicarbonatosBicarbonatesBiodegradación AmbientalBiodegradation, EnvironmentalCatálisisCatalysisGlucosa - químicaGlucose - chemistryPeróxido de HidrógenoHydrogen PeroxideConcentración de Iones de HidrógenoHydrogen-Ion ConcentrationHierro - químicaIron - chemistryÁcido OxálicoOxalic AcidOxidación-ReducciónOxidation-ReductionPenicilinasPenicillinsTitanio - químicaTitanium - chemistryUltrasonido - métodosUltrasonics - methodsRayos UltravioletaUltraviolet RaysAguas ResidualesWastewaterContaminantes Químicos del AguaWater Pollutants, ChemicalPurificación del Agua - métodosWater Purification - methodshttps://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D019840https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D001639https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D001673https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D002384https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D005947https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D006861https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D006863https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D007501https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D019815https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D010084https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D010406https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D014025https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D014465https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D014466https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D062065https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D014874https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D018508J. Environ. Manage.7970190Journal of Environmental ManagementImplementación de metodologías eficientes y confiables para degradar residuos de antimicrobianos en el hogar y en efluentes industrialesTreatment of the hospital wastewaters in Cote d'Ivore and in Colombia by advanced oxidation processesPublicationORIGINALVillegasPaola_2017_SelectingBestAOPIsoxazolylPenicillins.pdfVillegasPaola_2017_SelectingBestAOPIsoxazolylPenicillins.pdfArtículo de investigaciónapplication/pdf737043https://bibliotecadigital.udea.edu.co/bitstreams/1864d03a-23f0-4032-8801-1967facaa7fa/download2f8c18b98fc21d9bd7089800e8442d94MD51trueAnonymousREADCC-LICENSElicense_rdflicense_rdfapplication/rdf+xml; charset=utf-8823https://bibliotecadigital.udea.edu.co/bitstreams/86e2c9d2-3076-42e4-aa2a-c911cd1a780f/downloadb88b088d9957e670ce3b3fbe2eedbc13MD52falseAnonymousREADLICENSElicense.txtlicense.txttext/plain; charset=utf-81748https://bibliotecadigital.udea.edu.co/bitstreams/a1217e49-925a-472e-b333-82ccc50c4724/download8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33MD53falseAnonymousREADTEXTVillegasPaola_2017_SelectingBestAOPIsoxazolylPenicillins.pdf.txtVillegasPaola_2017_SelectingBestAOPIsoxazolylPenicillins.pdf.txtExtracted texttext/plain57944https://bibliotecadigital.udea.edu.co/bitstreams/5418933e-0e8d-4e74-8543-359c90fb4b72/download3d707ce12327af7ede536a83fb242136MD54falseAnonymousREADTHUMBNAILVillegasPaola_2017_SelectingBestAOPIsoxazolylPenicillins.pdf.jpgVillegasPaola_2017_SelectingBestAOPIsoxazolylPenicillins.pdf.jpgGenerated Thumbnailimage/jpeg15829https://bibliotecadigital.udea.edu.co/bitstreams/732a8773-3e1c-49b1-bd4d-8d828d7927ab/download744d98a96f711973166e279fdd74a9daMD55falseAnonymousREAD10495/43383oai:bibliotecadigital.udea.edu.co:10495/433832025-03-26 23:22:23.185http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.5/co/open.accesshttps://bibliotecadigital.udea.edu.coRepositorio Institucional de la Universidad de Antioquiaaplicacionbibliotecadigitalbiblioteca@udea.edu.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 |
