Valoración clínica y parasitológica del tití gris (Primates: Cebidae: Saguinus leucopus) en dos poblaciones naturalespresentes en San Carlos y San Rafael (Antioquia, Colombia)
ABSTRACT: While much of the natural history of Neotropical primates has been revealed through studies conducted in captive individuals, environmental factors may impose ecological and physiological differences in free-range populations. For the white-footed tamarin (Saguinus leucopus), a primate end...
- Autores:
-
Acevedo Garcés, Yuliet Andrea
Álvarez Cardona, Johnatan
Vargas Valencia, Vanesa
Hernández Castro, Carolina
García Montoya, Gisela María
Soto Calderón, Iván Darío
- Tipo de recurso:
- Article of investigation
- Fecha de publicación:
- 2014
- Institución:
- Universidad de Antioquia
- Repositorio:
- Repositorio UdeA
- Idioma:
- spa
- OAI Identifier:
- oai:bibliotecadigital.udea.edu.co:10495/25622
- Acceso en línea:
- http://hdl.handle.net/10495/25622
https://revistas.ces.edu.co/index.php/mvz/article/view/2992
- Palabra clave:
- Enterobius
Hematología
Hematology
Helmintiasis
Helminthiasis
Saguinus leucopus
Trypanosoma spp
- Rights
- openAccess
- License
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/2.5/co/
| id |
UDEA2_dfc61d6a9adf5207c6bb139dab3ad244 |
|---|---|
| oai_identifier_str |
oai:bibliotecadigital.udea.edu.co:10495/25622 |
| network_acronym_str |
UDEA2 |
| network_name_str |
Repositorio UdeA |
| repository_id_str |
|
| dc.title.spa.fl_str_mv |
Valoración clínica y parasitológica del tití gris (Primates: Cebidae: Saguinus leucopus) en dos poblaciones naturalespresentes en San Carlos y San Rafael (Antioquia, Colombia) |
| dc.title.translated.spa.fl_str_mv |
Clinical and parasitological evaluation of White-footed Tamarins (Primates: Cebidae: Saguinusleucopus) from two free-range populations located in San Carlos and San Rafael (Antioquia, Colombia) |
| title |
Valoración clínica y parasitológica del tití gris (Primates: Cebidae: Saguinus leucopus) en dos poblaciones naturalespresentes en San Carlos y San Rafael (Antioquia, Colombia) |
| spellingShingle |
Valoración clínica y parasitológica del tití gris (Primates: Cebidae: Saguinus leucopus) en dos poblaciones naturalespresentes en San Carlos y San Rafael (Antioquia, Colombia) Enterobius Hematología Hematology Helmintiasis Helminthiasis Saguinus leucopus Trypanosoma spp |
| title_short |
Valoración clínica y parasitológica del tití gris (Primates: Cebidae: Saguinus leucopus) en dos poblaciones naturalespresentes en San Carlos y San Rafael (Antioquia, Colombia) |
| title_full |
Valoración clínica y parasitológica del tití gris (Primates: Cebidae: Saguinus leucopus) en dos poblaciones naturalespresentes en San Carlos y San Rafael (Antioquia, Colombia) |
| title_fullStr |
Valoración clínica y parasitológica del tití gris (Primates: Cebidae: Saguinus leucopus) en dos poblaciones naturalespresentes en San Carlos y San Rafael (Antioquia, Colombia) |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Valoración clínica y parasitológica del tití gris (Primates: Cebidae: Saguinus leucopus) en dos poblaciones naturalespresentes en San Carlos y San Rafael (Antioquia, Colombia) |
| title_sort |
Valoración clínica y parasitológica del tití gris (Primates: Cebidae: Saguinus leucopus) en dos poblaciones naturalespresentes en San Carlos y San Rafael (Antioquia, Colombia) |
| dc.creator.fl_str_mv |
Acevedo Garcés, Yuliet Andrea Álvarez Cardona, Johnatan Vargas Valencia, Vanesa Hernández Castro, Carolina García Montoya, Gisela María Soto Calderón, Iván Darío |
| dc.contributor.author.none.fl_str_mv |
Acevedo Garcés, Yuliet Andrea Álvarez Cardona, Johnatan Vargas Valencia, Vanesa Hernández Castro, Carolina García Montoya, Gisela María Soto Calderón, Iván Darío |
| dc.contributor.researchgroup.spa.fl_str_mv |
Genética Molecular (GENMOL) Grupo de Investigación en Agrociencias Biodiversidad y Territorio GAMMA Grupo de Parasitología Universidad de Antioquia |
| dc.subject.decs.none.fl_str_mv |
Enterobius Hematología Hematology Helmintiasis Helminthiasis |
| topic |
Enterobius Hematología Hematology Helmintiasis Helminthiasis Saguinus leucopus Trypanosoma spp |
| dc.subject.proposal.spa.fl_str_mv |
Saguinus leucopus Trypanosoma spp |
| description |
ABSTRACT: While much of the natural history of Neotropical primates has been revealed through studies conducted in captive individuals, environmental factors may impose ecological and physiological differences in free-range populations. For the white-footed tamarin (Saguinus leucopus), a primate endemic to Northwest Colombia, physiological parameters that have been assessed in captivity still remain to be measured in free-range populations. In order to diagnose the health status of this species in a natural environment, we assessed several external traits, measured hematological and blood-chemistry values, and characterized the parasite community of two natural populations. Despite the identification of eleven different parasite taxa and wide distribution of filaria and Trypanosoma spp., we faieled to detect signs of poor health condition. Substantial differences were found between captive and free-range tamarin populations in the composition of their parasite communities. Likewise, hematological and blood-chemistry profiles differed between free-range populations and even between neighboring social groups, suggesting a role of environmental factors in the physiological response. However, none of the physiological parameters varied as a response to parasite infection. Our results revealed a high diversity of parasites and elevated rates of parasitic infections in natural populations of S. leucopus, that do not seem to be associated with indicators of health conditions. Future studies should emphasize on ecological, genetic and demographic factors that determine the health conditions of S. leucopus in the wild. Lastly, geographic variation of physiological profiles and parasite distribution, as well as epidemiological differences between captive and wild populations, should be incorporated in rehabilitation plans of captive tamarins in order to restrict the transmission of infectious agents between populations. |
| publishDate |
2014 |
| dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv |
2014 |
| dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv |
2022-01-25T20:42:24Z |
| dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv |
2022-01-25T20:42:24Z |
| dc.type.spa.fl_str_mv |
Artículo de investigación |
| dc.type.coar.spa.fl_str_mv |
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1 |
| dc.type.redcol.spa.fl_str_mv |
https://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/ART |
| dc.type.coarversion.spa.fl_str_mv |
http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85 |
| dc.type.driver.spa.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
| dc.type.version.spa.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
| format |
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1 |
| status_str |
publishedVersion |
| dc.identifier.citation.spa.fl_str_mv |
Acevedo-Garcés, Y. A., Álvarez-Cardona, J., Vargas-Valencia, V., Hernández-Castro, C., García-Montoya, G. M., & Soto-Calderón, I. D. (2014). Valoración clínica y parasitológica del tití gris (Primates: Cebidae: Saguinus leucopus) en dos poblaciones naturalespresentes en San Carlos y San Rafael (Antioquia, Colombia). CES Medicina Veterinaria Y Zootecnia, 9(1), 68–83. Recuperado a partir de https://revistas.ces.edu.co/index.php/mvz/article/view/2992 |
| dc.identifier.uri.none.fl_str_mv |
http://hdl.handle.net/10495/25622 |
| dc.identifier.eissn.none.fl_str_mv |
1900-9607 |
| dc.identifier.url.spa.fl_str_mv |
https://revistas.ces.edu.co/index.php/mvz/article/view/2992 |
| identifier_str_mv |
Acevedo-Garcés, Y. A., Álvarez-Cardona, J., Vargas-Valencia, V., Hernández-Castro, C., García-Montoya, G. M., & Soto-Calderón, I. D. (2014). Valoración clínica y parasitológica del tití gris (Primates: Cebidae: Saguinus leucopus) en dos poblaciones naturalespresentes en San Carlos y San Rafael (Antioquia, Colombia). CES Medicina Veterinaria Y Zootecnia, 9(1), 68–83. Recuperado a partir de https://revistas.ces.edu.co/index.php/mvz/article/view/2992 1900-9607 |
| url |
http://hdl.handle.net/10495/25622 https://revistas.ces.edu.co/index.php/mvz/article/view/2992 |
| dc.language.iso.spa.fl_str_mv |
spa |
| language |
spa |
| dc.relation.ispartofjournalabbrev.spa.fl_str_mv |
Ces. Med. Vet. Zoote. |
| dc.relation.citationendpage.spa.fl_str_mv |
83 |
| dc.relation.citationissue.spa.fl_str_mv |
1 |
| dc.relation.citationstartpage.spa.fl_str_mv |
68 |
| dc.relation.citationvolume.spa.fl_str_mv |
9 |
| dc.relation.ispartofjournal.spa.fl_str_mv |
Revista Ces Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia |
| dc.rights.uri.*.fl_str_mv |
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/2.5/co/ |
| dc.rights.uri.spa.fl_str_mv |
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/ |
| dc.rights.accessrights.spa.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
| dc.rights.coar.spa.fl_str_mv |
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2 |
| rights_invalid_str_mv |
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/2.5/co/ https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/ http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2 |
| eu_rights_str_mv |
openAccess |
| dc.format.extent.spa.fl_str_mv |
16 |
| dc.format.mimetype.spa.fl_str_mv |
application/pdf |
| dc.publisher.spa.fl_str_mv |
Universidad CES, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia |
| dc.publisher.place.spa.fl_str_mv |
Medellín, Colombia |
| institution |
Universidad de Antioquia |
| bitstream.url.fl_str_mv |
https://bibliotecadigital.udea.edu.co/bitstreams/9258d407-922e-4148-b06c-12115ead382d/download https://bibliotecadigital.udea.edu.co/bitstreams/198b56eb-1a38-4848-a9b7-7aba596ee755/download https://bibliotecadigital.udea.edu.co/bitstreams/7bc9f441-d1ed-4f3a-87e5-6b76336310d8/download https://bibliotecadigital.udea.edu.co/bitstreams/3128b1fd-0845-41f2-b411-bcc8741de54c/download https://bibliotecadigital.udea.edu.co/bitstreams/dba91fa6-7891-42cd-8c07-ff62fc78fd5b/download |
| bitstream.checksum.fl_str_mv |
9f7cf7f5e2fa6605483addd10a0d6cee 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 d44635831538d9a2371171efa47bdb28 b90afa1105a2d57c0e60fedeb38ebb80 e516fb70e5bd17b51275818c62d9f296 |
| bitstream.checksumAlgorithm.fl_str_mv |
MD5 MD5 MD5 MD5 MD5 |
| repository.name.fl_str_mv |
Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad de Antioquia |
| repository.mail.fl_str_mv |
aplicacionbibliotecadigitalbiblioteca@udea.edu.co |
| _version_ |
1851052229836931072 |
| spelling |
Acevedo Garcés, Yuliet AndreaÁlvarez Cardona, JohnatanVargas Valencia, VanesaHernández Castro, CarolinaGarcía Montoya, Gisela MaríaSoto Calderón, Iván DaríoGenética Molecular (GENMOL)Grupo de Investigación en Agrociencias Biodiversidad y Territorio GAMMAGrupo de Parasitología Universidad de Antioquia2022-01-25T20:42:24Z2022-01-25T20:42:24Z2014Acevedo-Garcés, Y. A., Álvarez-Cardona, J., Vargas-Valencia, V., Hernández-Castro, C., García-Montoya, G. M., & Soto-Calderón, I. D. (2014). Valoración clínica y parasitológica del tití gris (Primates: Cebidae: Saguinus leucopus) en dos poblaciones naturalespresentes en San Carlos y San Rafael (Antioquia, Colombia). CES Medicina Veterinaria Y Zootecnia, 9(1), 68–83. Recuperado a partir de https://revistas.ces.edu.co/index.php/mvz/article/view/2992http://hdl.handle.net/10495/256221900-9607https://revistas.ces.edu.co/index.php/mvz/article/view/2992ABSTRACT: While much of the natural history of Neotropical primates has been revealed through studies conducted in captive individuals, environmental factors may impose ecological and physiological differences in free-range populations. For the white-footed tamarin (Saguinus leucopus), a primate endemic to Northwest Colombia, physiological parameters that have been assessed in captivity still remain to be measured in free-range populations. In order to diagnose the health status of this species in a natural environment, we assessed several external traits, measured hematological and blood-chemistry values, and characterized the parasite community of two natural populations. Despite the identification of eleven different parasite taxa and wide distribution of filaria and Trypanosoma spp., we faieled to detect signs of poor health condition. Substantial differences were found between captive and free-range tamarin populations in the composition of their parasite communities. Likewise, hematological and blood-chemistry profiles differed between free-range populations and even between neighboring social groups, suggesting a role of environmental factors in the physiological response. However, none of the physiological parameters varied as a response to parasite infection. Our results revealed a high diversity of parasites and elevated rates of parasitic infections in natural populations of S. leucopus, that do not seem to be associated with indicators of health conditions. Future studies should emphasize on ecological, genetic and demographic factors that determine the health conditions of S. leucopus in the wild. Lastly, geographic variation of physiological profiles and parasite distribution, as well as epidemiological differences between captive and wild populations, should be incorporated in rehabilitation plans of captive tamarins in order to restrict the transmission of infectious agents between populations.RESUMEN: El estudio de individuos en cautiverio de primates Neotropicales ha permitido conocer aspectos básicos de su historia natural. Sin embargo las condiciones medioambientales pueden determinar diferencias ecológicas y fisiológicas en poblaciones silvestres. En el caso del tití gris (Saguinus leucopus), primate endémico del noroccidente colombiano, diferentes parámetros fisiológicos han sido evaluados en cautiverio. Con el fin de diagnosticar el estado de salud en condiciones naturales, se evaluaron varias características externas y parámetros fisiológicos, así como la comunidad de parásitos de dos poblaciones naturales. Aunque en general no se detectaron signos de deterioro en las condiciones generales de salud, se identificaron once taxones de parásitos entre helmintos y protozoos, algunos con alta prevalencia (filarias y Trypanosoma spp). Las comunidades de parásitos en cautiverio y en estado silvestre muestran diferencias notables. Igualmente, se identificó una aparente variación entre poblaciones silvestres e incluso entre grupos sociales circundantes con respecto a los perfiles hematológicos y de química sanguínea, que sugiere diferencias en la respuesta fisiológica ante condiciones medioambientales. Ninguna de dichas variables fisiológicas pareció estar relacionada con los parásitos encontrados. Los resultados revelaron una amplia diversidad de parásitos y una elevada tasa de infecciones parasitarias en poblaciones naturales de S. leucopus, que parecen no estar asociadas con indicadores de la condición de salud. Futuros estudios deberán enfatizar en aspectos ecológicos, genéticos y demográficos que determinen las condiciones de salud de S. leucopus en su medio natural. Se recomienda que la rehabilitación de individuos en cautiverio tenga presente posibles diferencias en variables fisiológicas y epidemiológicas entre poblaciones naturales y grupos en cautiverio con el fin de restringir la transmisión de agentes infecciosos entre poblaciones.COL0006723COL0007506COL000677916application/pdfspaUniversidad CES, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y ZootecniaMedellín, Colombiahttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/2.5/co/https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2Valoración clínica y parasitológica del tití gris (Primates: Cebidae: Saguinus leucopus) en dos poblaciones naturalespresentes en San Carlos y San Rafael (Antioquia, Colombia)Clinical and parasitological evaluation of White-footed Tamarins (Primates: Cebidae: Saguinusleucopus) from two free-range populations located in San Carlos and San Rafael (Antioquia, Colombia)Artículo de investigaciónhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1https://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/ARThttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85info:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionEnterobiusHematologíaHematologyHelmintiasisHelminthiasisSaguinus leucopusTrypanosoma sppCes. Med. Vet. Zoote.831689Revista Ces Medicina Veterinaria y ZootecniaPublicationCC-LICENSElicense_rdflicense_rdfapplication/rdf+xml; charset=utf-8817https://bibliotecadigital.udea.edu.co/bitstreams/9258d407-922e-4148-b06c-12115ead382d/download9f7cf7f5e2fa6605483addd10a0d6ceeMD52falseAnonymousREADLICENSElicense.txtlicense.txttext/plain; charset=utf-81748https://bibliotecadigital.udea.edu.co/bitstreams/198b56eb-1a38-4848-a9b7-7aba596ee755/download8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33MD53falseAnonymousREADORIGINALAcevedoYuliet_2014_ValoracionClinicaParasitologicaTiti .pdfAcevedoYuliet_2014_ValoracionClinicaParasitologicaTiti .pdfArtículo de investigaciónapplication/pdf1978762https://bibliotecadigital.udea.edu.co/bitstreams/7bc9f441-d1ed-4f3a-87e5-6b76336310d8/downloadd44635831538d9a2371171efa47bdb28MD51trueAnonymousREADTEXTAcevedoYuliet_2014_ValoracionClinicaParasitologicaTiti .pdf.txtAcevedoYuliet_2014_ValoracionClinicaParasitologicaTiti .pdf.txtExtracted texttext/plain53237https://bibliotecadigital.udea.edu.co/bitstreams/3128b1fd-0845-41f2-b411-bcc8741de54c/downloadb90afa1105a2d57c0e60fedeb38ebb80MD54falseAnonymousREADTHUMBNAILAcevedoYuliet_2014_ValoracionClinicaParasitologicaTiti .pdf.jpgAcevedoYuliet_2014_ValoracionClinicaParasitologicaTiti .pdf.jpgGenerated Thumbnailimage/jpeg17592https://bibliotecadigital.udea.edu.co/bitstreams/dba91fa6-7891-42cd-8c07-ff62fc78fd5b/downloade516fb70e5bd17b51275818c62d9f296MD55falseAnonymousREAD10495/25622oai:bibliotecadigital.udea.edu.co:10495/256222025-03-26 18:59:00.074http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/2.5/co/open.accesshttps://bibliotecadigital.udea.edu.coRepositorio Institucional de la Universidad de Antioquiaaplicacionbibliotecadigitalbiblioteca@udea.edu.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 |
