European Position Paper on Rhinosinusitis and Nasal Polyps 2020
ABSTRACT: The European Position Paper on Rhinosinusitis and Nasal Polyps 2020 is the update of similar evidence based position papers published in 2005 and 2007 and 2012. The core objective of the EPOS2020 guideline is to provide revised, up-to-date and clear evidence-based recommendations and integ...
- Autores:
-
Bedoya Gutiérrez, Juan David
Lund, V. J.
Hopkins, C.
Hellings, P.W.
Kern, R.
Reitsma, S.
Toppila Salmi, S.
Bernal, Sprekelsen M.
Mullol, J.
Alobid, I.
Anselmo Lima, W. T.
Bachert, C.
Baroody, F.
von, Buchwald C.
Cervin, A.
Cohen, N.
Constantinidis, J.
De Gabory, L.
Desrosiers, M.
Diamant, Z.
Douglas, R. G.
Gevaert, P. H.
Hafner, A.
Harvey, R. J.
Joos, G. F.
Kalogjera, L.
Knill, A.
Kocks, J. H.
Landis, B. N.
Limpens, J.
Lebeer, S.
Lourenco, O.
Meco, C.
Matricardi, P. M.
O'Mahony, L.
Philpott, C. M.
Ryan, D.
Schlosser, R.
Senior, B.
Smith, T. L.
Teeling, T.
Tomazic, P. V.
Wang, D. Y.
Wang, D.
Zhang, L.
Agius, A. M.
Ahlstrom, C. Emanuelsson
Alabri, R.
Albu, S.
Alhabash, S.
Aleksic, A.
Aloulah, M.
Al-Qudah, M.
Alsaleh, S.
Baban, M. A.
Baudoin, T.
Balvers, T.
Battaglia, P.
Beule, A.
Bofares, K. M.
Braverman, I.
Brozek Madry, E.
Richard, B.
Callejas, C.
Carrie, S.
Caulley, L.
Chussi, D.
de Corso, E.
Coste, A.
El Hadi, U.
Elfarouk, A.
Eloy, P. H.
Farrokhi, S.
Felisati, G.
Ferrari, M. D.
Fishchuk, R.
Grayson, W.
Goncalves, P. M.
Grdinic, B.
Grgic, V.
Hamizan, A. W.
Heinichen, J. V.
Husain, S.
Ping, T. I.
Ivaska, J.
Jakimovska, F.
Jovancevic, L.
Kakande, E.
Kamel, R.
Fokkens, W. J.
- Tipo de recurso:
- Article of investigation
- Fecha de publicación:
- 2020
- Institución:
- Universidad de Antioquia
- Repositorio:
- Repositorio UdeA
- Idioma:
- eng
- OAI Identifier:
- oai:bibliotecadigital.udea.edu.co:10495/45392
- Acceso en línea:
- https://hdl.handle.net/10495/45392
- Palabra clave:
- Enfermedad Aguda
Acute Disease
Enfermedad Crónica
Chronic Disease
Pólipos Nasales
Nasal Polyps
Rinitis
Rhinitis
Sinusitis
https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D000208
https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D002908
https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D009298
https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D012220
https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D012852
- Rights
- openAccess
- License
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.5/co/
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| dc.title.spa.fl_str_mv |
European Position Paper on Rhinosinusitis and Nasal Polyps 2020 |
| title |
European Position Paper on Rhinosinusitis and Nasal Polyps 2020 |
| spellingShingle |
European Position Paper on Rhinosinusitis and Nasal Polyps 2020 Enfermedad Aguda Acute Disease Enfermedad Crónica Chronic Disease Pólipos Nasales Nasal Polyps Rinitis Rhinitis Sinusitis https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D000208 https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D002908 https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D009298 https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D012220 https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D012852 |
| title_short |
European Position Paper on Rhinosinusitis and Nasal Polyps 2020 |
| title_full |
European Position Paper on Rhinosinusitis and Nasal Polyps 2020 |
| title_fullStr |
European Position Paper on Rhinosinusitis and Nasal Polyps 2020 |
| title_full_unstemmed |
European Position Paper on Rhinosinusitis and Nasal Polyps 2020 |
| title_sort |
European Position Paper on Rhinosinusitis and Nasal Polyps 2020 |
| dc.creator.fl_str_mv |
Bedoya Gutiérrez, Juan David Lund, V. J. Hopkins, C. Hellings, P.W. Kern, R. Reitsma, S. Toppila Salmi, S. Bernal, Sprekelsen M. Mullol, J. Alobid, I. Anselmo Lima, W. T. Bachert, C. Baroody, F. von, Buchwald C. Cervin, A. Cohen, N. Constantinidis, J. De Gabory, L. Desrosiers, M. Diamant, Z. Douglas, R. G. Gevaert, P. H. Hafner, A. Harvey, R. J. Joos, G. F. Kalogjera, L. Knill, A. Kocks, J. H. Landis, B. N. Limpens, J. Lebeer, S. Lourenco, O. Meco, C. Matricardi, P. M. O'Mahony, L. Philpott, C. M. Ryan, D. Schlosser, R. Senior, B. Smith, T. L. Teeling, T. Tomazic, P. V. Wang, D. Y. Wang, D. Zhang, L. Agius, A. M. Ahlstrom, C. Emanuelsson Alabri, R. Albu, S. Alhabash, S. Aleksic, A. Aloulah, M. Al-Qudah, M. Alsaleh, S. Baban, M. A. Baudoin, T. Balvers, T. Battaglia, P. Beule, A. Bofares, K. M. Braverman, I. Brozek Madry, E. Richard, B. Callejas, C. Carrie, S. Caulley, L. Chussi, D. de Corso, E. Coste, A. El Hadi, U. Elfarouk, A. Eloy, P. H. Farrokhi, S. Felisati, G. Ferrari, M. D. Fishchuk, R. Grayson, W. Goncalves, P. M. Grdinic, B. Grgic, V. Hamizan, A. W. Heinichen, J. V. Husain, S. Ping, T. I. Ivaska, J. Jakimovska, F. Jovancevic, L. Kakande, E. Kamel, R. Fokkens, W. J. |
| dc.contributor.author.none.fl_str_mv |
Bedoya Gutiérrez, Juan David Lund, V. J. Hopkins, C. Hellings, P.W. Kern, R. Reitsma, S. Toppila Salmi, S. Bernal, Sprekelsen M. Mullol, J. Alobid, I. Anselmo Lima, W. T. Bachert, C. Baroody, F. von, Buchwald C. Cervin, A. Cohen, N. Constantinidis, J. De Gabory, L. Desrosiers, M. Diamant, Z. Douglas, R. G. Gevaert, P. H. Hafner, A. Harvey, R. J. Joos, G. F. Kalogjera, L. Knill, A. Kocks, J. H. Landis, B. N. Limpens, J. Lebeer, S. Lourenco, O. Meco, C. Matricardi, P. M. O'Mahony, L. Philpott, C. M. Ryan, D. Schlosser, R. Senior, B. Smith, T. L. Teeling, T. Tomazic, P. V. Wang, D. Y. Wang, D. Zhang, L. Agius, A. M. Ahlstrom, C. Emanuelsson Alabri, R. Albu, S. Alhabash, S. Aleksic, A. Aloulah, M. Al-Qudah, M. Alsaleh, S. Baban, M. A. Baudoin, T. Balvers, T. Battaglia, P. Beule, A. Bofares, K. M. Braverman, I. Brozek Madry, E. Richard, B. Callejas, C. Carrie, S. Caulley, L. Chussi, D. de Corso, E. Coste, A. El Hadi, U. Elfarouk, A. Eloy, P. H. Farrokhi, S. Felisati, G. Ferrari, M. D. Fishchuk, R. Grayson, W. Goncalves, P. M. Grdinic, B. Grgic, V. Hamizan, A. W. Heinichen, J. V. Husain, S. Ping, T. I. Ivaska, J. Jakimovska, F. Jovancevic, L. Kakande, E. Kamel, R. Fokkens, W. J. |
| dc.contributor.researchgroup.spa.fl_str_mv |
Grupo de investigación en Otorrinolaringología GIORL |
| dc.subject.decs.none.fl_str_mv |
Enfermedad Aguda Acute Disease Enfermedad Crónica Chronic Disease Pólipos Nasales Nasal Polyps Rinitis Rhinitis Sinusitis |
| topic |
Enfermedad Aguda Acute Disease Enfermedad Crónica Chronic Disease Pólipos Nasales Nasal Polyps Rinitis Rhinitis Sinusitis https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D000208 https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D002908 https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D009298 https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D012220 https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D012852 |
| dc.subject.meshuri.none.fl_str_mv |
https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D000208 https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D002908 https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D009298 https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D012220 https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D012852 |
| description |
ABSTRACT: The European Position Paper on Rhinosinusitis and Nasal Polyps 2020 is the update of similar evidence based position papers published in 2005 and 2007 and 2012. The core objective of the EPOS2020 guideline is to provide revised, up-to-date and clear evidence-based recommendations and integrated care pathways in ARS and CRS. EPOS2020 provides an update on the literature published and studies undertaken in the eight years since the EPOS2012 position paper was published and addresses areas not extensively covered in EPOS2012 such as paediatric CRS and sinus surgery. EPOS2020 also involves new stakeholders, including pharmacists and patients, and addresses new target users who have become more involved in the management and treatment of rhinosinusitis since the publication of the last EPOS document, including pharmacists, nurses, specialised care givers and indeed patients themselves, who employ increasing self-management of their condition using over the counter treatments. The document provides suggestions for future research in this area and offers updated guidance for definitions and outcome measurements in research in different settings. EPOS2020 contains chapters on definitions and classification where we have defined a large number of terms and indicated preferred terms. A new classification of CRS into primary and secondary CRS and further division into localized and diffuse disease, based on anatomic distribution is proposed. There are extensive chapters on epidemiology and predisposing factors, inflammatory mechanisms, (differential) diagnosis of facial pain, allergic rhinitis, genetics, cystic fibrosis, aspirin exacerbated respiratory disease, immunodeficiencies, allergic fungal rhinosinusitis and the relationship between upper and lower airways. The chapters on paediatric acute and chronic rhinosinusitis are totally rewritten. All available evidence for the management of acute rhinosinusitis and chronic rhinosinusitis with or without nasal polyps in adults and children is systematically reviewed and integrated care pathways based on the evidence are proposed. Despite considerable increases in the amount of quality publications in recent years, a large number of practical clinical questions remain. It was agreed that the best way to address these was to conduct a Delphi exercise . The results have been integrated into the respective sections. Last but not least, advice for patients and pharmacists and a new list of research needs are included. |
| publishDate |
2020 |
| dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv |
2020 |
| dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv |
2025-03-08T17:12:14Z |
| dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv |
2025-03-08T17:12:14Z |
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Artículo de investigación |
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0300-0729 |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10495/45392 |
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10.4193/Rhin20.600 |
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1996-8604 |
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0300-0729 10.4193/Rhin20.600 1996-8604 |
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eng |
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eng |
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Rhinology |
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484 |
| dc.relation.citationissue.spa.fl_str_mv |
suplemento 29 |
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1 |
| dc.relation.citationvolume.spa.fl_str_mv |
58 |
| dc.relation.ispartofjournal.spa.fl_str_mv |
Rhinology |
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http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.5/co/ |
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International Rhinologic Society |
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Leiden, Países Bajos |
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Universidad de Antioquia |
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Bedoya Gutiérrez, Juan DavidLund, V. J.Hopkins, C.Hellings, P.W.Kern, R.Reitsma, S.Toppila Salmi, S.Bernal, Sprekelsen M.Mullol, J.Alobid, I.Anselmo Lima, W. T.Bachert, C.Baroody, F.von, Buchwald C.Cervin, A.Cohen, N.Constantinidis, J.De Gabory, L.Desrosiers, M.Diamant, Z.Douglas, R. G.Gevaert, P. H.Hafner, A.Harvey, R. J.Joos, G. F.Kalogjera, L.Knill, A.Kocks, J. H.Landis, B. N.Limpens, J.Lebeer, S.Lourenco, O.Meco, C.Matricardi, P. M.O'Mahony, L.Philpott, C. M.Ryan, D.Schlosser, R.Senior, B.Smith, T. L.Teeling, T.Tomazic, P. V.Wang, D. Y.Wang, D.Zhang, L.Agius, A. M.Ahlstrom, C. EmanuelssonAlabri, R.Albu, S.Alhabash, S.Aleksic, A.Aloulah, M.Al-Qudah, M.Alsaleh, S.Baban, M. A.Baudoin, T.Balvers, T.Battaglia, P.Beule, A.Bofares, K. M.Braverman, I.Brozek Madry, E.Richard, B.Callejas, C.Carrie, S.Caulley, L.Chussi, D.de Corso, E.Coste, A.El Hadi, U.Elfarouk, A.Eloy, P. H.Farrokhi, S.Felisati, G.Ferrari, M. D.Fishchuk, R.Grayson, W.Goncalves, P. M.Grdinic, B.Grgic, V.Hamizan, A. W.Heinichen, J. V.Husain, S.Ping, T. I.Ivaska, J.Jakimovska, F.Jovancevic, L.Kakande, E.Kamel, R.Fokkens, W. J.Grupo de investigación en Otorrinolaringología GIORL2025-03-08T17:12:14Z2025-03-08T17:12:14Z20200300-0729https://hdl.handle.net/10495/4539210.4193/Rhin20.6001996-8604ABSTRACT: The European Position Paper on Rhinosinusitis and Nasal Polyps 2020 is the update of similar evidence based position papers published in 2005 and 2007 and 2012. The core objective of the EPOS2020 guideline is to provide revised, up-to-date and clear evidence-based recommendations and integrated care pathways in ARS and CRS. EPOS2020 provides an update on the literature published and studies undertaken in the eight years since the EPOS2012 position paper was published and addresses areas not extensively covered in EPOS2012 such as paediatric CRS and sinus surgery. EPOS2020 also involves new stakeholders, including pharmacists and patients, and addresses new target users who have become more involved in the management and treatment of rhinosinusitis since the publication of the last EPOS document, including pharmacists, nurses, specialised care givers and indeed patients themselves, who employ increasing self-management of their condition using over the counter treatments. The document provides suggestions for future research in this area and offers updated guidance for definitions and outcome measurements in research in different settings. EPOS2020 contains chapters on definitions and classification where we have defined a large number of terms and indicated preferred terms. A new classification of CRS into primary and secondary CRS and further division into localized and diffuse disease, based on anatomic distribution is proposed. There are extensive chapters on epidemiology and predisposing factors, inflammatory mechanisms, (differential) diagnosis of facial pain, allergic rhinitis, genetics, cystic fibrosis, aspirin exacerbated respiratory disease, immunodeficiencies, allergic fungal rhinosinusitis and the relationship between upper and lower airways. The chapters on paediatric acute and chronic rhinosinusitis are totally rewritten. All available evidence for the management of acute rhinosinusitis and chronic rhinosinusitis with or without nasal polyps in adults and children is systematically reviewed and integrated care pathways based on the evidence are proposed. Despite considerable increases in the amount of quality publications in recent years, a large number of practical clinical questions remain. It was agreed that the best way to address these was to conduct a Delphi exercise . The results have been integrated into the respective sections. Last but not least, advice for patients and pharmacists and a new list of research needs are included.COL0211869484 páginasapplication/pdfengInternational Rhinologic SocietyLeiden, Países Bajoshttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.5/co/https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2European Position Paper on Rhinosinusitis and Nasal Polyps 2020Artículo de investigaciónhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1https://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/ARThttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85info:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionEnfermedad AgudaAcute DiseaseEnfermedad CrónicaChronic DiseasePólipos NasalesNasal PolypsRinitisRhinitisSinusitishttps://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D000208https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D002908https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D009298https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D012220https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D012852Rhinology484suplemento 29158RhinologyPublicationORIGINALBedoyaJuan_2020_European_Rhinosinusitis_Nasal.pdfBedoyaJuan_2020_European_Rhinosinusitis_Nasal.pdfArtículo de investigaciónapplication/pdf27891829https://bibliotecadigital.udea.edu.co/bitstreams/fe530191-631e-4d15-be69-8ce5fb3cc2d5/downloade56ad125cbdf49e625eb77a669068a60MD51trueAnonymousREADCC-LICENSElicense_rdflicense_rdfapplication/rdf+xml; charset=utf-8823https://bibliotecadigital.udea.edu.co/bitstreams/91b3a990-4697-4456-ba8a-cd5211a536a8/downloadb88b088d9957e670ce3b3fbe2eedbc13MD52falseAnonymousREADLICENSElicense.txtlicense.txttext/plain; charset=utf-81748https://bibliotecadigital.udea.edu.co/bitstreams/fe873e89-8e38-45cd-bde0-31459d0d285e/download8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33MD53falseAnonymousREADTEXTBedoyaJuan_2020_European_Rhinosinusitis_Nasal.pdf.txtBedoyaJuan_2020_European_Rhinosinusitis_Nasal.pdf.txtExtracted texttext/plain100847https://bibliotecadigital.udea.edu.co/bitstreams/bca42f61-4f12-400d-b7e2-817179b7cad8/download91356754eaa40c3ef83493caf35c19c2MD54falseAnonymousREADTHUMBNAILBedoyaJuan_2020_European_Rhinosinusitis_Nasal.pdf.jpgBedoyaJuan_2020_European_Rhinosinusitis_Nasal.pdf.jpgGenerated Thumbnailimage/jpeg15065https://bibliotecadigital.udea.edu.co/bitstreams/3a4b2b12-44a4-4a3d-9f21-4ddf245f8d6d/downloadf9a994197797bfa5577957910af179adMD55falseAnonymousREAD10495/45392oai:bibliotecadigital.udea.edu.co:10495/453922025-03-26 22:46:13.762http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.5/co/open.accesshttps://bibliotecadigital.udea.edu.coRepositorio Institucional de la Universidad de Antioquiaaplicacionbibliotecadigitalbiblioteca@udea.edu.coTk9URTogUExBQ0UgWU9VUiBPV04gTElDRU5TRSBIRVJFClRoaXMgc2FtcGxlIGxpY2Vuc2UgaXMgcHJvdmlkZWQgZm9yIGluZm9ybWF0aW9uYWwgcHVycG9zZXMgb25seS4KCk5PTi1FWENMVVNJVkUgRElTVFJJQlVUSU9OIExJQ0VOU0UKCkJ5IHNpZ25pbmcgYW5kIHN1Ym1pdHRpbmcgdGhpcyBsaWNlbnNlLCB5b3UgKHRoZSBhdXRob3Iocykgb3IgY29weXJpZ2h0Cm93bmVyKSBncmFudHMgdG8gRFNwYWNlIFVuaXZlcnNpdHkgKERTVSkgdGhlIG5vbi1leGNsdXNpdmUgcmlnaHQgdG8gcmVwcm9kdWNlLAp0cmFuc2xhdGUgKGFzIGRlZmluZWQgYmVsb3cpLCBhbmQvb3IgZGlzdHJpYnV0ZSB5b3VyIHN1Ym1pc3Npb24gKGluY2x1ZGluZwp0aGUgYWJzdHJhY3QpIHdvcmxkd2lkZSBpbiBwcmludCBhbmQgZWxlY3Ryb25pYyBmb3JtYXQgYW5kIGluIGFueSBtZWRpdW0sCmluY2x1ZGluZyBidXQgbm90IGxpbWl0ZWQgdG8gYXVkaW8gb3IgdmlkZW8uCgpZb3UgYWdyZWUgdGhhdCBEU1UgbWF5LCB3aXRob3V0IGNoYW5naW5nIHRoZSBjb250ZW50LCB0cmFuc2xhdGUgdGhlCnN1Ym1pc3Npb24gdG8gYW55IG1lZGl1bSBvciBmb3JtYXQgZm9yIHRoZSBwdXJwb3NlIG9mIHByZXNlcnZhdGlvbi4KCllvdSBhbHNvIGFncmVlIHRoYXQgRFNVIG1heSBrZWVwIG1vcmUgdGhhbiBvbmUgY29weSBvZiB0aGlzIHN1Ym1pc3Npb24gZm9yCnB1cnBvc2VzIG9mIHNlY3VyaXR5LCBiYWNrLXVwIGFuZCBwcmVzZXJ2YXRpb24uCgpZb3UgcmVwcmVzZW50IHRoYXQgdGhlIHN1Ym1pc3Npb24gaXMgeW91ciBvcmlnaW5hbCB3b3JrLCBhbmQgdGhhdCB5b3UgaGF2ZQp0aGUgcmlnaHQgdG8gZ3JhbnQgdGhlIHJpZ2h0cyBjb250YWluZWQgaW4gdGhpcyBsaWNlbnNlLiBZb3UgYWxzbyByZXByZXNlbnQKdGhhdCB5b3VyIHN1Ym1pc3Npb24gZG9lcyBub3QsIHRvIHRoZSBiZXN0IG9mIHlvdXIga25vd2xlZGdlLCBpbmZyaW5nZSB1cG9uCmFueW9uZSdzIGNvcHlyaWdodC4KCklmIHRoZSBzdWJtaXNzaW9uIGNvbnRhaW5zIG1hdGVyaWFsIGZvciB3aGljaCB5b3UgZG8gbm90IGhvbGQgY29weXJpZ2h0LAp5b3UgcmVwcmVzZW50IHRoYXQgeW91IGhhdmUgb2J0YWluZWQgdGhlIHVucmVzdHJpY3RlZCBwZXJtaXNzaW9uIG9mIHRoZQpjb3B5cmlnaHQgb3duZXIgdG8gZ3JhbnQgRFNVIHRoZSByaWdodHMgcmVxdWlyZWQgYnkgdGhpcyBsaWNlbnNlLCBhbmQgdGhhdApzdWNoIHRoaXJkLXBhcnR5IG93bmVkIG1hdGVyaWFsIGlzIGNsZWFybHkgaWRlbnRpZmllZCBhbmQgYWNrbm93bGVkZ2VkCndpdGhpbiB0aGUgdGV4dCBvciBjb250ZW50IG9mIHRoZSBzdWJtaXNzaW9uLgoKSUYgVEhFIFNVQk1JU1NJT04gSVMgQkFTRUQgVVBPTiBXT1JLIFRIQVQgSEFTIEJFRU4gU1BPTlNPUkVEIE9SIFNVUFBPUlRFRApCWSBBTiBBR0VOQ1kgT1IgT1JHQU5JWkFUSU9OIE9USEVSIFRIQU4gRFNVLCBZT1UgUkVQUkVTRU5UIFRIQVQgWU9VIEhBVkUKRlVMRklMTEVEIEFOWSBSSUdIVCBPRiBSRVZJRVcgT1IgT1RIRVIgT0JMSUdBVElPTlMgUkVRVUlSRUQgQlkgU1VDSApDT05UUkFDVCBPUiBBR1JFRU1FTlQuCgpEU1Ugd2lsbCBjbGVhcmx5IGlkZW50aWZ5IHlvdXIgbmFtZShzKSBhcyB0aGUgYXV0aG9yKHMpIG9yIG93bmVyKHMpIG9mIHRoZQpzdWJtaXNzaW9uLCBhbmQgd2lsbCBub3QgbWFrZSBhbnkgYWx0ZXJhdGlvbiwgb3RoZXIgdGhhbiBhcyBhbGxvd2VkIGJ5IHRoaXMKbGljZW5zZSwgdG8geW91ciBzdWJtaXNzaW9uLgo= |
