Morphological Characterization of Spiral Arms in Disk Galaxies from the IllustrisTNG50 Simulation and their Relation to the Properties of their Host Dark Matter Halos
We investigate the link between spiral structure and dark-matter halo properties in disk galaxies from the IllustrisTNG50 (ΛCDM) simulation. Disks were selected with kinematic filters; gas and stars were isolated, the mean density profile was computed, and the techniques of Barros Ramírez (2020) wer...
- Autores:
-
Certuche Grueso, Daniel Heraldo
- Tipo de recurso:
- Trabajo de grado de pregrado
- Fecha de publicación:
- 2025
- Institución:
- Universidad de Antioquia
- Repositorio:
- Repositorio UdeA
- Idioma:
- eng
- OAI Identifier:
- oai:bibliotecadigital.udea.edu.co:10495/47724
- Acceso en línea:
- https://hdl.handle.net/10495/47724
- Palabra clave:
- Astronomía
Astronomy
Galaxias
Galaxies
Spiral Galaxies
Cosmological Simulations
Disk Dynamics
Morphological Characterization
- Rights
- openAccess
- License
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/
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| dc.title.eng.fl_str_mv |
Morphological Characterization of Spiral Arms in Disk Galaxies from the IllustrisTNG50 Simulation and their Relation to the Properties of their Host Dark Matter Halos |
| title |
Morphological Characterization of Spiral Arms in Disk Galaxies from the IllustrisTNG50 Simulation and their Relation to the Properties of their Host Dark Matter Halos |
| spellingShingle |
Morphological Characterization of Spiral Arms in Disk Galaxies from the IllustrisTNG50 Simulation and their Relation to the Properties of their Host Dark Matter Halos Astronomía Astronomy Galaxias Galaxies Spiral Galaxies Cosmological Simulations Disk Dynamics Morphological Characterization |
| title_short |
Morphological Characterization of Spiral Arms in Disk Galaxies from the IllustrisTNG50 Simulation and their Relation to the Properties of their Host Dark Matter Halos |
| title_full |
Morphological Characterization of Spiral Arms in Disk Galaxies from the IllustrisTNG50 Simulation and their Relation to the Properties of their Host Dark Matter Halos |
| title_fullStr |
Morphological Characterization of Spiral Arms in Disk Galaxies from the IllustrisTNG50 Simulation and their Relation to the Properties of their Host Dark Matter Halos |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Morphological Characterization of Spiral Arms in Disk Galaxies from the IllustrisTNG50 Simulation and their Relation to the Properties of their Host Dark Matter Halos |
| title_sort |
Morphological Characterization of Spiral Arms in Disk Galaxies from the IllustrisTNG50 Simulation and their Relation to the Properties of their Host Dark Matter Halos |
| dc.creator.fl_str_mv |
Certuche Grueso, Daniel Heraldo |
| dc.contributor.advisor.none.fl_str_mv |
Muñoz Cuartas, Juan Carlos |
| dc.contributor.author.none.fl_str_mv |
Certuche Grueso, Daniel Heraldo |
| dc.contributor.researchgroup.none.fl_str_mv |
Grupo de Física y Astrofísica Computacional (FACOM) |
| dc.subject.lemb.none.fl_str_mv |
Astronomía Astronomy Galaxias Galaxies |
| topic |
Astronomía Astronomy Galaxias Galaxies Spiral Galaxies Cosmological Simulations Disk Dynamics Morphological Characterization |
| dc.subject.proposal.eng.fl_str_mv |
Spiral Galaxies Cosmological Simulations Disk Dynamics Morphological Characterization |
| description |
We investigate the link between spiral structure and dark-matter halo properties in disk galaxies from the IllustrisTNG50 (ΛCDM) simulation. Disks were selected with kinematic filters; gas and stars were isolated, the mean density profile was computed, and the techniques of Barros Ramírez (2020) were adapted to characterize the spiral arms. An automated algorithm in polar coordinates, combining density-based clustering and graph theory, located arms defined as overdensities in the gas mass, and then quantified their width, length, and pitch angle. We show that these methods effectively identify spirals in isolated disks. We find that arm width increases with galactocentric radius, with a tracer-dependent gradient (gas is more sensitive). The pitch angle correlates positively with the galaxy’s mass components and negatively with subhalo concentration, suggesting that spiral geometry responds to the mass distribution and to the assembly history. Taken together, these results support the transient nature of spiral patterns and disk–halo coevolution, and represent a first step toward obtaining metrics that are comparable between simulations and observations. [Tomado de la introducción] |
| publishDate |
2025 |
| dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv |
2025-10-14T15:51:17Z |
| dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv |
2025 |
| dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv |
2027 |
| dc.type.none.fl_str_mv |
Trabajo de grado - Pregrado |
| dc.type.coar.none.fl_str_mv |
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_7a1f |
| dc.type.redcol.none.fl_str_mv |
http://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/TP |
| dc.type.content.none.fl_str_mv |
Text |
| dc.type.coarversion.none.fl_str_mv |
http://purl.org/coar/version/c_b1a7d7d4d402bcce |
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info:eu-repo/semantics/bachelorThesis |
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info:eu-repo/semantics/draft |
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http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_7a1f |
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draft |
| dc.identifier.uri.none.fl_str_mv |
https://hdl.handle.net/10495/47724 |
| url |
https://hdl.handle.net/10495/47724 |
| dc.language.iso.none.fl_str_mv |
eng |
| language |
eng |
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M. G. Abadi et al. “Simulations of Galaxy Formation in a Λ Cold Dark Matter Universe. II. The Fine Structure of Simulated Galactic Disks”. In: The Astrophysical Journal 597.1 (2003), pp. 21–34. DOI: 10.1086/378316. Brandon Allgood et al. “The shape of dark matter haloes: dependence on mass, redshift, radius and formation”. In: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Soci- ety 367.4 (2006), pp. 1781–1796. David Felipe Barros-Ramirez and Juan Carlos Muñoz-Cuartas. “Star formation in disk galaxies and its relation with spiral structure in numerical simulations”. In: arXiv e-prints (2022), arXiv–2204. Rainer Beck et al. “Galactic magnetism: recent developments and perspectives”. In: Annual review of astronomy and astrophysics 34.1 (1996), pp. 155–206. Sidney Van den Bergh. Galaxy morphology and classification. Cambridge University Press, 1998. James Binney and Scott Tremaine. Galactic dynamics. Princeton university press, 2011. Bradley W Carroll and Dale A Ostlie. An introduction to modern astrophysics. Cam- bridge University Press, 2017. JL Caswell and RF Haynes. “Southern H II regions. an extensive study of radio recombination line emission”. In: Astronomy and Astrophysics (ISSN 0004-6361), vol. 171, no. 1-2, Jan. 1987, p. 261-276. 171 (1987), pp. 261–276. Thomas H. Cormen et al. Introduction to Algorithms. 2nd. The MIT Press, 2001. ISBN: 0262032937. URL: http://www.amazon.com/Introduction- Algorithms- Thomas-H-Cormen/dp/0262032937%3FSubscriptionId%3D13CT5CVB80YFWJEPWS02% 26tag%3Dws%26linkCode%3Dxm2%26camp%3D2025%26creative%3D165953%26creativeASIN%3D0262032937. J. H. Croston et al. “XMM-Newton observations of the hot-gas atmospheres of 3C 66B and 3C 449”. In: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 346.4 (Dec. 2003), pp. 1041–1054. ISSN: 0035-8711. DOI: 10 . 1111 / j . 1365 - 2966 . 2003 . 07165 . x. eprint: https : / / academic . oup . com / mnras / article - pdf / 346 / 4 / 1041/18646083/346- 4- 1041.pdf. 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DOI: 10. 1111/j. 1365- 2966.2007 .11720.x. eprint: https: //academic. oup.com / mnras / article - pdf / 378 / 1 / 55 / 3960691 / mnras0378 - 0055 . pdf. URL: https : //doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2966.2007.11720.x. Ariyeh H Maller and Avishai Dekel. “Towards a resolution of the galactic spin cri- sis: mergers, feedback and spin segregation”. In: Monthly Notices of the Royal As- tronomical Society 335.2 (2002), pp. 487–498. H. J. Mo, Shude Mao, and Simon D. M. White. “The formation of galactic discs”. In: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 295.2 (Apr. 1998), pp. 319– 336. ISSN: 0035-8711. DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-8711.1998.01227.x. eprint: https: //academic.oup.com/mnras/article-pdf/295/2/319/3099899/295-2-319.pdf. URL: https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-8711.1998.01227.x. HJ Mo, Shude Mao, and Simon DM White. “The formation of galactic discs”. In: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 295.2 (1998), pp. 319–336. Edward F Moore. “The shortest path through a maze”. 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Nelson et al. “First results from the IllustrisTNG simulations: the galaxy colour bimodality”. In: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 475.1 (Nov. 2017), pp. 624–647. DOI: 10 . 1093 / mnras / stx3040. arXiv: arXiv : 1707 . 03395 [astro-ph.CO]. URL: https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stx3040. Dylan Nelson et al. “First results from the TNG50 simulation: galactic outflows driven by supernovae and black hole feedback”. In: 490.3 (Dec. 2019), pp. 3234– 3261. DOI: 10.1093/mnras/stz2306. arXiv: 1902.05554 [astro-ph.GA]. Annalisa Pillepich et al. “First results from the TNG50 simulation: the evolution of stellar and gaseous discs across cosmic time”. In: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 490.3 (2019), pp. 3196–3233. Annalisa Pillepich et al. “First results from the TNG50 simulation: the evolution of stellar and gaseous discs across cosmic time”. In: 490.3 (Dec. 2019), pp. 3196– 3233. DOI: 10.1093/mnras/stz2338. arXiv: 1902.05553 [astro-ph.GA]. 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Cano Gómez. “NGC 5236’s stars as tracers of arms and arm widths in spiral galaxies”. In: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters 514.1 (2022), pp. L22–L26. E. Silva-Villa and S. S. Larsen. “A study of the cluster formation history in M83 using the luminosity function and mass function”. In: Astronomy & Astrophysics 537 (2012), A145. Yoshiaki Sofue and Vera Rubin. “Rotation curves of spiral galaxies”. In: Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics 39.1 (2001), pp. 137–174. Rachel S Somerville and Romeel Davé. “Physical models of galaxy formation in a cosmological framework”. In: Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics 53.1 (2015), pp. 51–113. Jesper Sommer-Larsen, Sergio Gelato, and Henrik Vedel. “Formation of disk galax- ies: feedback and the angular momentum problem”. In: The Astrophysical Journal 519.2 (1999), p. 501. Volker Springel. “Moving-mesh hydrodynamics with the AREPO code”. 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In: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 444.2 (2014), pp. 1518–1547. Risa H Wechsler and Jeremy L Tinker. “The connection between galaxies and their dark matter halos”. In: Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics 56.1 (2018), pp. 435–487. Rainer Weinberger et al. “Simulating galaxy formation with black hole driven ther- mal and kinetic feedback”. In: 465.3 (Mar. 2017), pp. 3291–3308. DOI: 10.1093/ mnras/stw2944. arXiv: 1607.03486 [astro-ph.GA]. |
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Muñoz Cuartas, Juan CarlosCertuche Grueso, Daniel HeraldoGrupo de Física y Astrofísica Computacional (FACOM)2025-10-14T15:51:17Z20272025https://hdl.handle.net/10495/47724We investigate the link between spiral structure and dark-matter halo properties in disk galaxies from the IllustrisTNG50 (ΛCDM) simulation. Disks were selected with kinematic filters; gas and stars were isolated, the mean density profile was computed, and the techniques of Barros Ramírez (2020) were adapted to characterize the spiral arms. An automated algorithm in polar coordinates, combining density-based clustering and graph theory, located arms defined as overdensities in the gas mass, and then quantified their width, length, and pitch angle. We show that these methods effectively identify spirals in isolated disks. We find that arm width increases with galactocentric radius, with a tracer-dependent gradient (gas is more sensitive). The pitch angle correlates positively with the galaxy’s mass components and negatively with subhalo concentration, suggesting that spiral geometry responds to the mass distribution and to the assembly history. Taken together, these results support the transient nature of spiral patterns and disk–halo coevolution, and represent a first step toward obtaining metrics that are comparable between simulations and observations. [Tomado de la introducción]COL0038262PregradoAstrónomo77 páginasapplication/pdfengUniversidad de AntioquiaAstronomíaDepartamento de Ciencias BásicasMedellín, ColombiaFacultad de Ciencias Exactas y NaturalesCampus Medellín - Ciudad Universitariahttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessAttribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 Internationalhttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2Morphological Characterization of Spiral Arms in Disk Galaxies from the IllustrisTNG50 Simulation and their Relation to the Properties of their Host Dark Matter HalosTrabajo de grado - Pregradohttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_7a1fhttp://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/TPTexthttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_b1a7d7d4d402bcceinfo:eu-repo/semantics/bachelorThesisinfo:eu-repo/semantics/draftM. G. Abadi et al. “Simulations of Galaxy Formation in a Λ Cold Dark Matter Universe. II. The Fine Structure of Simulated Galactic Disks”. In: The Astrophysical Journal 597.1 (2003), pp. 21–34. DOI: 10.1086/378316.Brandon Allgood et al. “The shape of dark matter haloes: dependence on mass, redshift, radius and formation”. In: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Soci- ety 367.4 (2006), pp. 1781–1796.David Felipe Barros-Ramirez and Juan Carlos Muñoz-Cuartas. “Star formation in disk galaxies and its relation with spiral structure in numerical simulations”. In: arXiv e-prints (2022), arXiv–2204.Rainer Beck et al. “Galactic magnetism: recent developments and perspectives”. In: Annual review of astronomy and astrophysics 34.1 (1996), pp. 155–206.Sidney Van den Bergh. Galaxy morphology and classification. Cambridge University Press, 1998.James Binney and Scott Tremaine. Galactic dynamics. Princeton university press, 2011.Bradley W Carroll and Dale A Ostlie. An introduction to modern astrophysics. 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