Multimolecular signaling complexes enable Syk-mediated signaling of CD36 internalization

ABSTRACT: CD36 is a versatile receptor known to play a central role in the development of atherosclerosis, the pathogenesis of malaria, and the removal of apoptotic cells. Remarkably, the short cytosolically exposed regions of CD36 lack identifiable motifs, which has hampered elucidation of its mode...

Full description

Autores:
Castaño Monsalve, Diana María
Heit, Bryan
Kim, Hani
Cosio, Gabriela
Collins, Richard
Lowell, Clifford A.
Kain, Kevin C.
Trimble, William S.
Gristein, Sergio
Tipo de recurso:
Article of investigation
Fecha de publicación:
2013
Institución:
Universidad de Antioquia
Repositorio:
Repositorio UdeA
Idioma:
eng
OAI Identifier:
oai:bibliotecadigital.udea.edu.co:10495/39573
Acceso en línea:
https://hdl.handle.net/10495/39573
Palabra clave:
Proteínas Adaptadoras Transductoras de Señales
Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing
Western Blotting
Blotting, Western
Antígenos CD36
CD36 Antigens
Metabolismo
Metabolism
Endocitosis
Endocytosis
Inmunoprecipitación
Immunoprecipitation
Péptidos y Proteínas de Señalización Intracelular
Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins
Macrófagos Peritoneales
Macrophages, Peritoneal
Fosforilación
Phosphorylation
Proteínas Tirosina Quinasas
Protein-Tyrosine Kinases
ARN Interferente Pequeño
RNA, Small Interfering
Receptores de IgG
Receptors, IgG
Transducción de Señal
Signal Transduction
Quinasa Syk
Syk Kinase
Tetraspanina 28
Tetraspanin 28
Tetraspanina 29
Tetraspanin 29
https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D048868
https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D015153
https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D018955
https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D008660
https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D004705
https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D047468
https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D047908
https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D017737
https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D010766
https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D011505
https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D034741
https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D017452
https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D015398
https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D000072377
https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D060225
https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D060245
Rights
openAccess
License
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
id UDEA2_b17d6dd3ac3614c7bca983b5ce2c30cb
oai_identifier_str oai:bibliotecadigital.udea.edu.co:10495/39573
network_acronym_str UDEA2
network_name_str Repositorio UdeA
repository_id_str
dc.title.spa.fl_str_mv Multimolecular signaling complexes enable Syk-mediated signaling of CD36 internalization
title Multimolecular signaling complexes enable Syk-mediated signaling of CD36 internalization
spellingShingle Multimolecular signaling complexes enable Syk-mediated signaling of CD36 internalization
Proteínas Adaptadoras Transductoras de Señales
Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing
Western Blotting
Blotting, Western
Antígenos CD36
CD36 Antigens
Metabolismo
Metabolism
Endocitosis
Endocytosis
Inmunoprecipitación
Immunoprecipitation
Péptidos y Proteínas de Señalización Intracelular
Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins
Macrófagos Peritoneales
Macrophages, Peritoneal
Fosforilación
Phosphorylation
Proteínas Tirosina Quinasas
Protein-Tyrosine Kinases
ARN Interferente Pequeño
RNA, Small Interfering
Receptores de IgG
Receptors, IgG
Transducción de Señal
Signal Transduction
Quinasa Syk
Syk Kinase
Tetraspanina 28
Tetraspanin 28
Tetraspanina 29
Tetraspanin 29
https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D048868
https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D015153
https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D018955
https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D008660
https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D004705
https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D047468
https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D047908
https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D017737
https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D010766
https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D011505
https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D034741
https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D017452
https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D015398
https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D000072377
https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D060225
https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D060245
title_short Multimolecular signaling complexes enable Syk-mediated signaling of CD36 internalization
title_full Multimolecular signaling complexes enable Syk-mediated signaling of CD36 internalization
title_fullStr Multimolecular signaling complexes enable Syk-mediated signaling of CD36 internalization
title_full_unstemmed Multimolecular signaling complexes enable Syk-mediated signaling of CD36 internalization
title_sort Multimolecular signaling complexes enable Syk-mediated signaling of CD36 internalization
dc.creator.fl_str_mv Castaño Monsalve, Diana María
Heit, Bryan
Kim, Hani
Cosio, Gabriela
Collins, Richard
Lowell, Clifford A.
Kain, Kevin C.
Trimble, William S.
Gristein, Sergio
dc.contributor.author.none.fl_str_mv Castaño Monsalve, Diana María
Heit, Bryan
Kim, Hani
Cosio, Gabriela
Collins, Richard
Lowell, Clifford A.
Kain, Kevin C.
Trimble, William S.
Gristein, Sergio
dc.contributor.researchgroup.spa.fl_str_mv Grupo de Inmunología Celular e Inmunogenética
dc.subject.decs.none.fl_str_mv Proteínas Adaptadoras Transductoras de Señales
Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing
Western Blotting
Blotting, Western
Antígenos CD36
CD36 Antigens
Metabolismo
Metabolism
Endocitosis
Endocytosis
Inmunoprecipitación
Immunoprecipitation
Péptidos y Proteínas de Señalización Intracelular
Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins
Macrófagos Peritoneales
Macrophages, Peritoneal
Fosforilación
Phosphorylation
Proteínas Tirosina Quinasas
Protein-Tyrosine Kinases
ARN Interferente Pequeño
RNA, Small Interfering
Receptores de IgG
Receptors, IgG
Transducción de Señal
Signal Transduction
Quinasa Syk
Syk Kinase
Tetraspanina 28
Tetraspanin 28
Tetraspanina 29
Tetraspanin 29
topic Proteínas Adaptadoras Transductoras de Señales
Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing
Western Blotting
Blotting, Western
Antígenos CD36
CD36 Antigens
Metabolismo
Metabolism
Endocitosis
Endocytosis
Inmunoprecipitación
Immunoprecipitation
Péptidos y Proteínas de Señalización Intracelular
Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins
Macrófagos Peritoneales
Macrophages, Peritoneal
Fosforilación
Phosphorylation
Proteínas Tirosina Quinasas
Protein-Tyrosine Kinases
ARN Interferente Pequeño
RNA, Small Interfering
Receptores de IgG
Receptors, IgG
Transducción de Señal
Signal Transduction
Quinasa Syk
Syk Kinase
Tetraspanina 28
Tetraspanin 28
Tetraspanina 29
Tetraspanin 29
https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D048868
https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D015153
https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D018955
https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D008660
https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D004705
https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D047468
https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D047908
https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D017737
https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D010766
https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D011505
https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D034741
https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D017452
https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D015398
https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D000072377
https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D060225
https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D060245
dc.subject.meshuri.none.fl_str_mv https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D048868
https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D015153
https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D018955
https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D008660
https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D004705
https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D047468
https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D047908
https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D017737
https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D010766
https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D011505
https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D034741
https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D017452
https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D015398
https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D000072377
https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D060225
https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D060245
description ABSTRACT: CD36 is a versatile receptor known to play a central role in the development of atherosclerosis, the pathogenesis of malaria, and the removal of apoptotic cells. Remarkably, the short cytosolically exposed regions of CD36 lack identifiable motifs, which has hampered elucidation of its mode of signaling. Using a combination of phosphoprotein isolation, mass spectrometry, superresolution imaging, and gene silencing, we have determined that the receptor induces ligand internalization through a heteromeric complex consisting of CD36, β1 and/or β2 integrins, and the tetraspanins CD9 and/or CD81. This receptor complex serves to link CD36 to the adaptor FcRγ, which bears an immunoreceptor tyrosine activation motif. By coupling to FcRγ, CD36 is able to engage Src-family kinases and Syk, which in turn drives the internalization of CD36 and its bound ligands.
publishDate 2013
dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv 2013
dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv 2024-06-03T11:53:17Z
dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv 2024-06-03T11:53:17Z
dc.type.spa.fl_str_mv Artículo de investigación
dc.type.coar.spa.fl_str_mv http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1
dc.type.redcol.spa.fl_str_mv https://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/ART
dc.type.driver.spa.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
dc.type.version.spa.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion
format http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1
status_str acceptedVersion
dc.identifier.citation.spa.fl_str_mv Heit B, Kim H, Cosío G, Castaño D, Collins R, Lowell CA, Kain KC, Trimble WS, Grinstein S. Multimolecular signaling complexes enable Syk-mediated signaling of CD36 internalization. Dev Cell. 2013 Feb 25;24(4):372-83. doi: 10.1016/j.devcel.2013.01.007.
dc.identifier.issn.none.fl_str_mv 1534-5807
dc.identifier.uri.none.fl_str_mv https://hdl.handle.net/10495/39573
dc.identifier.doi.none.fl_str_mv 10.1016/j.devcel.2013.01.007
dc.identifier.eissn.none.fl_str_mv 1878-1551
identifier_str_mv Heit B, Kim H, Cosío G, Castaño D, Collins R, Lowell CA, Kain KC, Trimble WS, Grinstein S. Multimolecular signaling complexes enable Syk-mediated signaling of CD36 internalization. Dev Cell. 2013 Feb 25;24(4):372-83. doi: 10.1016/j.devcel.2013.01.007.
1534-5807
10.1016/j.devcel.2013.01.007
1878-1551
url https://hdl.handle.net/10495/39573
dc.language.iso.spa.fl_str_mv eng
language eng
dc.relation.ispartofjournalabbrev.spa.fl_str_mv Dev. Cell.
dc.relation.citationendpage.spa.fl_str_mv 26
dc.relation.citationissue.spa.fl_str_mv 4
dc.relation.citationstartpage.spa.fl_str_mv 1
dc.relation.citationvolume.spa.fl_str_mv 24
dc.relation.ispartofjournal.spa.fl_str_mv Developmental Cell
dc.rights.uri.spa.fl_str_mv https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
dc.rights.uri.*.fl_str_mv http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.5/co/
dc.rights.accessrights.spa.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.rights.coar.spa.fl_str_mv http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
rights_invalid_str_mv https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.5/co/
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.format.extent.spa.fl_str_mv 26 páginas
dc.format.mimetype.spa.fl_str_mv application/pdf
dc.publisher.spa.fl_str_mv Cell Press
Elsevier
dc.publisher.place.spa.fl_str_mv Cambridge, Estados Unidos
institution Universidad de Antioquia
bitstream.url.fl_str_mv https://bibliotecadigital.udea.edu.co/bitstreams/bbdbe3ee-a60a-401f-a107-c41bfb7fe885/download
https://bibliotecadigital.udea.edu.co/bitstreams/7f105d2a-3e00-4c34-a023-10533cd0285a/download
https://bibliotecadigital.udea.edu.co/bitstreams/dcc16667-5f23-483a-9b72-226558db757b/download
https://bibliotecadigital.udea.edu.co/bitstreams/1057e84a-bc9f-4c9b-b530-fcb687c2458c/download
https://bibliotecadigital.udea.edu.co/bitstreams/19431ab5-81f2-4c47-8564-55259b3f6e2b/download
bitstream.checksum.fl_str_mv 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33
e3c0a37f94e2d827a0b0253048c2c584
b88b088d9957e670ce3b3fbe2eedbc13
ce7a72400449728e7352f78d80877d87
9d8127e62d1f333b0a5f28b4c0df7d4d
bitstream.checksumAlgorithm.fl_str_mv MD5
MD5
MD5
MD5
MD5
repository.name.fl_str_mv Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad de Antioquia
repository.mail.fl_str_mv aplicacionbibliotecadigitalbiblioteca@udea.edu.co
_version_ 1851052440413011968
spelling Castaño Monsalve, Diana MaríaHeit, BryanKim, HaniCosio, GabrielaCollins, RichardLowell, Clifford A.Kain, Kevin C.Trimble, William S.Gristein, SergioGrupo de Inmunología Celular e Inmunogenética2024-06-03T11:53:17Z2024-06-03T11:53:17Z2013Heit B, Kim H, Cosío G, Castaño D, Collins R, Lowell CA, Kain KC, Trimble WS, Grinstein S. Multimolecular signaling complexes enable Syk-mediated signaling of CD36 internalization. Dev Cell. 2013 Feb 25;24(4):372-83. doi: 10.1016/j.devcel.2013.01.007.1534-5807https://hdl.handle.net/10495/3957310.1016/j.devcel.2013.01.0071878-1551ABSTRACT: CD36 is a versatile receptor known to play a central role in the development of atherosclerosis, the pathogenesis of malaria, and the removal of apoptotic cells. Remarkably, the short cytosolically exposed regions of CD36 lack identifiable motifs, which has hampered elucidation of its mode of signaling. Using a combination of phosphoprotein isolation, mass spectrometry, superresolution imaging, and gene silencing, we have determined that the receptor induces ligand internalization through a heteromeric complex consisting of CD36, β1 and/or β2 integrins, and the tetraspanins CD9 and/or CD81. This receptor complex serves to link CD36 to the adaptor FcRγ, which bears an immunoreceptor tyrosine activation motif. By coupling to FcRγ, CD36 is able to engage Src-family kinases and Syk, which in turn drives the internalization of CD36 and its bound ligands.COL000863926 páginasapplication/pdfengCell PressElsevierCambridge, Estados Unidoshttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.5/co/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2Multimolecular signaling complexes enable Syk-mediated signaling of CD36 internalizationArtículo de investigaciónhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1https://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/ARTinfo:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersionProteínas Adaptadoras Transductoras de SeñalesAdaptor Proteins, Signal TransducingWestern BlottingBlotting, WesternAntígenos CD36CD36 AntigensMetabolismoMetabolismEndocitosisEndocytosisInmunoprecipitaciónImmunoprecipitationPéptidos y Proteínas de Señalización IntracelularIntracellular Signaling Peptides and ProteinsMacrófagos PeritonealesMacrophages, PeritonealFosforilaciónPhosphorylationProteínas Tirosina QuinasasProtein-Tyrosine KinasesARN Interferente PequeñoRNA, Small InterferingReceptores de IgGReceptors, IgGTransducción de SeñalSignal TransductionQuinasa SykSyk KinaseTetraspanina 28Tetraspanin 28Tetraspanina 29Tetraspanin 29https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D048868https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D015153https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D018955https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D008660https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D004705https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D047468https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D047908https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D017737https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D010766https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D011505https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D034741https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D017452https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D015398https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D000072377https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D060225https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D060245Dev. Cell.264124Developmental CellPublicationLICENSElicense.txtlicense.txttext/plain; charset=utf-81748https://bibliotecadigital.udea.edu.co/bitstreams/bbdbe3ee-a60a-401f-a107-c41bfb7fe885/download8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33MD53falseAnonymousREADORIGINALCastañoGloria_2013_Multimolecular_Signaling_Complexes.pdfCastañoGloria_2013_Multimolecular_Signaling_Complexes.pdfArtículo de investigaciónapplication/pdf2712271https://bibliotecadigital.udea.edu.co/bitstreams/7f105d2a-3e00-4c34-a023-10533cd0285a/downloade3c0a37f94e2d827a0b0253048c2c584MD51trueAnonymousREADCC-LICENSElicense_rdflicense_rdfapplication/rdf+xml; charset=utf-8823https://bibliotecadigital.udea.edu.co/bitstreams/dcc16667-5f23-483a-9b72-226558db757b/downloadb88b088d9957e670ce3b3fbe2eedbc13MD52falseAnonymousREADTEXTCastañoGloria_2013_Multimolecular_Signaling_Complexes.pdf.txtCastañoGloria_2013_Multimolecular_Signaling_Complexes.pdf.txtExtracted texttext/plain71408https://bibliotecadigital.udea.edu.co/bitstreams/1057e84a-bc9f-4c9b-b530-fcb687c2458c/downloadce7a72400449728e7352f78d80877d87MD54falseAnonymousREADTHUMBNAILCastañoGloria_2013_Multimolecular_Signaling_Complexes.pdf.jpgCastañoGloria_2013_Multimolecular_Signaling_Complexes.pdf.jpgGenerated Thumbnailimage/jpeg15251https://bibliotecadigital.udea.edu.co/bitstreams/19431ab5-81f2-4c47-8564-55259b3f6e2b/download9d8127e62d1f333b0a5f28b4c0df7d4dMD55falseAnonymousREAD10495/39573oai:bibliotecadigital.udea.edu.co:10495/395732025-03-26 22:24:08.047https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/open.accesshttps://bibliotecadigital.udea.edu.coRepositorio Institucional de la Universidad de Antioquiaaplicacionbibliotecadigitalbiblioteca@udea.edu.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