Caracterización de glicanos terminales asociados a vesículas extracelulares de placentas y sus efectos funcionales en células HUVEC

Durante la gestación humana las vesículas extracelulares (VEs) producidas por la placenta participan en la comunicación materno-fetal, representando un reto para comprender su rol fisiológico y/o fisiopatológico en el embarazo. Aunque se ha evidenciado que las VEs contienen glicanos en su superficie...

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Autores:
Buitrago Orozco, Lizeth Catalina
Tipo de recurso:
Fecha de publicación:
2025
Institución:
Universidad de Antioquia
Repositorio:
Repositorio UdeA
Idioma:
spa
OAI Identifier:
oai:bibliotecadigital.udea.edu.co:10495/48274
Acceso en línea:
https://hdl.handle.net/10495/48274
Palabra clave:
Vesículas extracelulares
Extracellular vesicles
Trofoblastos
Trophoblasts
Polisacáridos
Polysaccharides
Ácido N-acetilneuramínico
N-acetylneuraminic acid
Fucosa
Fucose
Endotelio
Endothelium
Células endoteliales de la vena umbilical humana
Human umbilical vein endothelial cells
Embarazo
Pregnancy
https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D000067128
https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D014327
https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D011134
https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D019158
https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D005643
https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D004727
https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D061307
https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D011247
ODS 3: Salud y bienestar. Garantizar una vida sana y promover el bienestar de todos a todas las edades
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openAccess
License
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/
id UDEA2_979be9b774e1346754d02eb96c016736
oai_identifier_str oai:bibliotecadigital.udea.edu.co:10495/48274
network_acronym_str UDEA2
network_name_str Repositorio UdeA
repository_id_str
dc.title.spa.fl_str_mv Caracterización de glicanos terminales asociados a vesículas extracelulares de placentas y sus efectos funcionales en células HUVEC
title Caracterización de glicanos terminales asociados a vesículas extracelulares de placentas y sus efectos funcionales en células HUVEC
spellingShingle Caracterización de glicanos terminales asociados a vesículas extracelulares de placentas y sus efectos funcionales en células HUVEC
Vesículas extracelulares
Extracellular vesicles
Trofoblastos
Trophoblasts
Polisacáridos
Polysaccharides
Ácido N-acetilneuramínico
N-acetylneuraminic acid
Fucosa
Fucose
Endotelio
Endothelium
Células endoteliales de la vena umbilical humana
Human umbilical vein endothelial cells
Embarazo
Pregnancy
https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D000067128
https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D014327
https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D011134
https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D019158
https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D005643
https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D004727
https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D061307
https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D011247
ODS 3: Salud y bienestar. Garantizar una vida sana y promover el bienestar de todos a todas las edades
title_short Caracterización de glicanos terminales asociados a vesículas extracelulares de placentas y sus efectos funcionales en células HUVEC
title_full Caracterización de glicanos terminales asociados a vesículas extracelulares de placentas y sus efectos funcionales en células HUVEC
title_fullStr Caracterización de glicanos terminales asociados a vesículas extracelulares de placentas y sus efectos funcionales en células HUVEC
title_full_unstemmed Caracterización de glicanos terminales asociados a vesículas extracelulares de placentas y sus efectos funcionales en células HUVEC
title_sort Caracterización de glicanos terminales asociados a vesículas extracelulares de placentas y sus efectos funcionales en células HUVEC
dc.creator.fl_str_mv Buitrago Orozco, Lizeth Catalina
dc.contributor.advisor.none.fl_str_mv Bueno Sánchez, Julio César
Quintana Castillo, Juan Carlos
dc.contributor.author.none.fl_str_mv Buitrago Orozco, Lizeth Catalina
dc.contributor.researchgroup.none.fl_str_mv Grupo Reproducción
dc.contributor.jury.none.fl_str_mv Pérez Cardona, David José
Estrada Mira, Sergio
dc.subject.decs.none.fl_str_mv Vesículas extracelulares
Extracellular vesicles
Trofoblastos
Trophoblasts
Polisacáridos
Polysaccharides
Ácido N-acetilneuramínico
N-acetylneuraminic acid
Fucosa
Fucose
Endotelio
Endothelium
Células endoteliales de la vena umbilical humana
Human umbilical vein endothelial cells
Embarazo
Pregnancy
topic Vesículas extracelulares
Extracellular vesicles
Trofoblastos
Trophoblasts
Polisacáridos
Polysaccharides
Ácido N-acetilneuramínico
N-acetylneuraminic acid
Fucosa
Fucose
Endotelio
Endothelium
Células endoteliales de la vena umbilical humana
Human umbilical vein endothelial cells
Embarazo
Pregnancy
https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D000067128
https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D014327
https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D011134
https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D019158
https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D005643
https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D004727
https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D061307
https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D011247
ODS 3: Salud y bienestar. Garantizar una vida sana y promover el bienestar de todos a todas las edades
dc.subject.meshuri.none.fl_str_mv https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D000067128
https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D014327
https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D011134
https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D019158
https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D005643
https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D004727
https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D061307
https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D011247
dc.subject.ods.none.fl_str_mv ODS 3: Salud y bienestar. Garantizar una vida sana y promover el bienestar de todos a todas las edades
description Durante la gestación humana las vesículas extracelulares (VEs) producidas por la placenta participan en la comunicación materno-fetal, representando un reto para comprender su rol fisiológico y/o fisiopatológico en el embarazo. Aunque se ha evidenciado que las VEs contienen glicanos en su superficie y que estos participan en su captación por células blanco, aún no son claros los mecanismos de participación de los glicanos en la internalización de VEs y existe poca información sobre el perfil de glicanos presente en la superficie de VEs trofoblásticas. En esta investigación se aislaron y caracterizaron VEs trofoblásticas medianas y grandes, mediante histocultivos de vellosidades placentarias y encontramos que estas contienen los glicanos terminales α-manosa, β-galactosa, α-fucosa y ácido siálico α2-3 y α2-6. Particularmente, se evidenció una asociación entre el ácido siálico α2-3 y la carga superficial negativa, sugiriendo un posible efecto electrostático en las interacciones célula-vesícula. Posteriormente, se evaluó el efecto del ácido sia α2-3 y α-fucosa en la captación y la permeabilidad endotelial en células HUVEC, previamente tratadas con TNF-α para inducir la producción de moléculas de adhesión y sometidas a bloqueo competitivo con ácido siálico o fucosa. Encontramos que las VEs con alto contenido de sia α2-3 presentan menor captación, posiblemente por repulsión electrostática entre el sia α2-3 y el glicocálix endotelial. En conjunto, estos hallazgos aportan evidencia sobre el papel potencial de los glicanos terminales de VEs trofoblásticas en su interacción con células endoteliales, resaltando tanto su valor como marcadores estructurales como su contribución funcional sobre el endotelio materno.
publishDate 2025
dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv 2025-11-19T19:52:50Z
dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv 2025
dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv 2027-11-19
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv Trabajo de grado - Maestría
dc.type.redcol.none.fl_str_mv http://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/TM
dc.type.content.none.fl_str_mv Text
dc.type.coarversion.none.fl_str_mv http://purl.org/coar/version/c_b1a7d7d4d402bcce
dc.type.driver.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis
dc.type.version.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/draft
status_str draft
dc.identifier.citation.none.fl_str_mv Buitrago Orozco L. Caracterización de glicanos terminales asociados a vesículas extracelulares de placentas y sus efectos funcionales en células HUVEC [Tesis de maestría]. Medellín, Colombia. Universidad de Antioquia; 2025.
dc.identifier.uri.none.fl_str_mv https://hdl.handle.net/10495/48274
identifier_str_mv Buitrago Orozco L. Caracterización de glicanos terminales asociados a vesículas extracelulares de placentas y sus efectos funcionales en células HUVEC [Tesis de maestría]. Medellín, Colombia. Universidad de Antioquia; 2025.
url https://hdl.handle.net/10495/48274
dc.language.iso.none.fl_str_mv spa
language spa
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dc.format.extent.none.fl_str_mv 61 páginas
dc.format.mimetype.none.fl_str_mv application/pdf
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv Universidad de Antioquia
dc.publisher.program.none.fl_str_mv Maestría en Ciencias Básicas Biomédicas
dc.publisher.department.none.fl_str_mv Departamento de Ciencias Básicas
dc.publisher.place.none.fl_str_mv Medellín, Colombia
dc.publisher.faculty.none.fl_str_mv Corporación Académica Ciencias Básicas Biomédicas
dc.publisher.branch.none.fl_str_mv Campus en el Área de la salud
publisher.none.fl_str_mv Universidad de Antioquia
institution Universidad de Antioquia
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spelling Bueno Sánchez, Julio CésarQuintana Castillo, Juan CarlosBuitrago Orozco, Lizeth CatalinaGrupo ReproducciónPérez Cardona, David JoséEstrada Mira, Sergio2025-11-19T19:52:50Z2027-11-192025Buitrago Orozco L. Caracterización de glicanos terminales asociados a vesículas extracelulares de placentas y sus efectos funcionales en células HUVEC [Tesis de maestría]. Medellín, Colombia. Universidad de Antioquia; 2025.https://hdl.handle.net/10495/48274Durante la gestación humana las vesículas extracelulares (VEs) producidas por la placenta participan en la comunicación materno-fetal, representando un reto para comprender su rol fisiológico y/o fisiopatológico en el embarazo. Aunque se ha evidenciado que las VEs contienen glicanos en su superficie y que estos participan en su captación por células blanco, aún no son claros los mecanismos de participación de los glicanos en la internalización de VEs y existe poca información sobre el perfil de glicanos presente en la superficie de VEs trofoblásticas. En esta investigación se aislaron y caracterizaron VEs trofoblásticas medianas y grandes, mediante histocultivos de vellosidades placentarias y encontramos que estas contienen los glicanos terminales α-manosa, β-galactosa, α-fucosa y ácido siálico α2-3 y α2-6. Particularmente, se evidenció una asociación entre el ácido siálico α2-3 y la carga superficial negativa, sugiriendo un posible efecto electrostático en las interacciones célula-vesícula. Posteriormente, se evaluó el efecto del ácido sia α2-3 y α-fucosa en la captación y la permeabilidad endotelial en células HUVEC, previamente tratadas con TNF-α para inducir la producción de moléculas de adhesión y sometidas a bloqueo competitivo con ácido siálico o fucosa. Encontramos que las VEs con alto contenido de sia α2-3 presentan menor captación, posiblemente por repulsión electrostática entre el sia α2-3 y el glicocálix endotelial. En conjunto, estos hallazgos aportan evidencia sobre el papel potencial de los glicanos terminales de VEs trofoblásticas en su interacción con células endoteliales, resaltando tanto su valor como marcadores estructurales como su contribución funcional sobre el endotelio materno.During human pregnancy, extracellular vesicles (EVs) produced by the placenta participate in maternal–fetal communication, posing a challenge for understanding their physiological and/or pathophysiological roles in gestation. Although EVs have been shown to contain surface glycans that participate in their uptake by target cells, the mechanisms by which glycans contribute to EV internalization remain unclear, and little information is available regarding the glycan profile present on the surface of trophoblastic EVs. In this study, medium and large trophoblastic EVs were isolated and characterized from placental villous explants, and we found that they contain the terminal glycans α-mannose, β-galactose, α-fucose, and sialic acid α2-3 and α2-6. Notably, an association was observed between α2-3-linked sialic acid and negative surface charge, suggesting a possible electrostatic effect in cell–vesicle interactions. Subsequently, the effect of α2-3-linked sialic acid and α-fucose on EV uptake and endothelial permeability was evaluated in HUVEC cells previously treated with TNF-α to induce the expression of adhesion molecules and subjected to competitive blocking with sialic acid or fucose. We found that EVs with a high content of α2-3 sialic acid exhibited reduced uptake, possibly due to electrostatic repulsion between α2-3 sialic acid and the endothelial glycocalyx. Taken together, these findings provide evidence for the potential role of terminal glycans in trophoblastic EVs in their interaction with endothelial cells, highlighting both their value as structural markers and their functional contribution to the maternal endothelium.GlicobiologíaCOL0007631MaestríaMagíster en Ciencias Básicas Biomédicas61 páginasapplication/pdfspaUniversidad de AntioquiaMaestría en Ciencias Básicas BiomédicasDepartamento de Ciencias BásicasMedellín, ColombiaCorporación Académica Ciencias Básicas BiomédicasCampus en el Área de la saludhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessAttribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 Internationalhttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2Caracterización de glicanos terminales asociados a vesículas extracelulares de placentas y sus efectos funcionales en células HUVECTrabajo de grado - Maestríahttp://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/TMTexthttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_b1a7d7d4d402bcceinfo:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesisinfo:eu-repo/semantics/draftNoyola-Martínez N, Halhali A, Barrera D. 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