Anthropometry, body shape in early-life and risk of premenopausal breast cancer among Latin American women results from the PRECAMA study
ABSTRACT: Cumulating evidence in Caucasian women suggests a positive association between height and premenopausal breast cancer risk and a negative association with overall adiposity; however data from Latin America are scarce. We investigated the associations between excess adiposity, body shape ev...
- Autores:
-
Bedoya Berrío, Gabriel de Jesús
Sánchez Vásquez, Gloria
Borrero Franco, Mauricio
Torres Mejía, Gabriela
Ángeles Llerenas, Angélica
Alvarado Cabrero, Isabel
His, Mathilde
Biessy, Carine
Porras, Carolina
Rodríguez, Ana Cecilia
Garmendia, Maria Luisa
Olivier, Magali
Porter, Peggy L
Lin, MingGang
Gunter, Marc J
Romieu, Isabelle
Rinaldi, Sabina
Tejeda, Jenny
Navarro, Edgar
Jaramillo, Roberto
Rodas Cortes, Yorlany
Ángel, Alberto
Andres Ossa, Carlos
Arias, William H
Cock Rada, Alicia María
Echeverri, Carolina
Herazo, Fernando
Díaz Yunez, Israel
Hernández, Ángel
Cortes, Bernal
González, Paula
Ocampo, Rebecca
Guillen, Diego
Moyano, Leonor
Soto, José Luis
Donato, Elizabeth
Guenthoer, Jamie
Donn, Thomas
Wirtala, Kelly
Loucks, Hailey
- Tipo de recurso:
- Article of investigation
- Fecha de publicación:
- 2020
- Institución:
- Universidad de Antioquia
- Repositorio:
- Repositorio UdeA
- Idioma:
- eng
- OAI Identifier:
- oai:bibliotecadigital.udea.edu.co:10495/41110
- Acceso en línea:
- https://hdl.handle.net/10495/41110
- Palabra clave:
- Adiposity
Adiposidad
Body Mass Index
Índice de Masa Corporal
Breast Neoplasms
Neoplasias de la Mama
Case-Control Studies
Estudios de Casos y Controles
Obesity, Abdominal
Obesidad Abdominal
Premenopause
Premenopausia
Risk Factors
Factores de Riesgo
Waist Circumference
Circunferencia de la Cintura
https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D050154
https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D015992
https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D001943
https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D016022
https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D056128
https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D017697
https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D012307
https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D055105
- Rights
- openAccess
- License
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/co/
| id |
UDEA2_84c0b8ccc9775b5b7c7486aa5bb667c8 |
|---|---|
| oai_identifier_str |
oai:bibliotecadigital.udea.edu.co:10495/41110 |
| network_acronym_str |
UDEA2 |
| network_name_str |
Repositorio UdeA |
| repository_id_str |
|
| dc.title.spa.fl_str_mv |
Anthropometry, body shape in early-life and risk of premenopausal breast cancer among Latin American women results from the PRECAMA study |
| title |
Anthropometry, body shape in early-life and risk of premenopausal breast cancer among Latin American women results from the PRECAMA study |
| spellingShingle |
Anthropometry, body shape in early-life and risk of premenopausal breast cancer among Latin American women results from the PRECAMA study Adiposity Adiposidad Body Mass Index Índice de Masa Corporal Breast Neoplasms Neoplasias de la Mama Case-Control Studies Estudios de Casos y Controles Obesity, Abdominal Obesidad Abdominal Premenopause Premenopausia Risk Factors Factores de Riesgo Waist Circumference Circunferencia de la Cintura https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D050154 https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D015992 https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D001943 https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D016022 https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D056128 https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D017697 https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D012307 https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D055105 |
| title_short |
Anthropometry, body shape in early-life and risk of premenopausal breast cancer among Latin American women results from the PRECAMA study |
| title_full |
Anthropometry, body shape in early-life and risk of premenopausal breast cancer among Latin American women results from the PRECAMA study |
| title_fullStr |
Anthropometry, body shape in early-life and risk of premenopausal breast cancer among Latin American women results from the PRECAMA study |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Anthropometry, body shape in early-life and risk of premenopausal breast cancer among Latin American women results from the PRECAMA study |
| title_sort |
Anthropometry, body shape in early-life and risk of premenopausal breast cancer among Latin American women results from the PRECAMA study |
| dc.creator.fl_str_mv |
Bedoya Berrío, Gabriel de Jesús Sánchez Vásquez, Gloria Borrero Franco, Mauricio Torres Mejía, Gabriela Ángeles Llerenas, Angélica Alvarado Cabrero, Isabel His, Mathilde Biessy, Carine Porras, Carolina Rodríguez, Ana Cecilia Garmendia, Maria Luisa Olivier, Magali Porter, Peggy L Lin, MingGang Gunter, Marc J Romieu, Isabelle Rinaldi, Sabina Tejeda, Jenny Navarro, Edgar Jaramillo, Roberto Rodas Cortes, Yorlany Ángel, Alberto Andres Ossa, Carlos Arias, William H Cock Rada, Alicia María Echeverri, Carolina Herazo, Fernando Díaz Yunez, Israel Hernández, Ángel Cortes, Bernal González, Paula Ocampo, Rebecca Guillen, Diego Moyano, Leonor Soto, José Luis Donato, Elizabeth Guenthoer, Jamie Donn, Thomas Wirtala, Kelly Loucks, Hailey |
| dc.contributor.author.none.fl_str_mv |
Bedoya Berrío, Gabriel de Jesús Sánchez Vásquez, Gloria Borrero Franco, Mauricio Torres Mejía, Gabriela Ángeles Llerenas, Angélica Alvarado Cabrero, Isabel His, Mathilde Biessy, Carine Porras, Carolina Rodríguez, Ana Cecilia Garmendia, Maria Luisa Olivier, Magali Porter, Peggy L Lin, MingGang Gunter, Marc J Romieu, Isabelle Rinaldi, Sabina Tejeda, Jenny Navarro, Edgar Jaramillo, Roberto Rodas Cortes, Yorlany Ángel, Alberto Andres Ossa, Carlos Arias, William H Cock Rada, Alicia María Echeverri, Carolina Herazo, Fernando Díaz Yunez, Israel Hernández, Ángel Cortes, Bernal González, Paula Ocampo, Rebecca Guillen, Diego Moyano, Leonor Soto, José Luis Donato, Elizabeth Guenthoer, Jamie Donn, Thomas Wirtala, Kelly Loucks, Hailey |
| dc.contributor.researchgroup.spa.fl_str_mv |
Genética Molecular (GENMOL) Infección y Cáncer |
| dc.subject.decs.none.fl_str_mv |
Adiposity Adiposidad Body Mass Index Índice de Masa Corporal Breast Neoplasms Neoplasias de la Mama Case-Control Studies Estudios de Casos y Controles Obesity, Abdominal Obesidad Abdominal Premenopause Premenopausia Risk Factors Factores de Riesgo Waist Circumference Circunferencia de la Cintura |
| topic |
Adiposity Adiposidad Body Mass Index Índice de Masa Corporal Breast Neoplasms Neoplasias de la Mama Case-Control Studies Estudios de Casos y Controles Obesity, Abdominal Obesidad Abdominal Premenopause Premenopausia Risk Factors Factores de Riesgo Waist Circumference Circunferencia de la Cintura https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D050154 https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D015992 https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D001943 https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D016022 https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D056128 https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D017697 https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D012307 https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D055105 |
| dc.subject.meshuri.none.fl_str_mv |
https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D050154 https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D015992 https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D001943 https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D016022 https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D056128 https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D017697 https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D012307 https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D055105 |
| description |
ABSTRACT: Cumulating evidence in Caucasian women suggests a positive association between height and premenopausal breast cancer risk and a negative association with overall adiposity; however data from Latin America are scarce. We investigated the associations between excess adiposity, body shape evolution across life, and risk of premenopausal breast cancer among 406 cases (women aged 20-45) and 406 matched population-based controls from Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, and Mexico. Negative associations between adult adiposity and breast cancer risk were observed in adjusted models (body mass index (BMI): Odds ratio (OR) per 1 kg/m2 = 0.93; 95% confidence interval = 0.89-0.96; waist circumference (WC): OR per 10 cm = 0.81 (0.69-0.96); hip circumference (HC): OR per 10 cm = 0.80 (0.67-0.95)). Height and leg length were not associated with risk. In normal weight women (18.5 ≤ BMI < 25), women with central obesity (WC > 88 cm) had an increased risk compared to women with normal WC (OR = 3.60(1.47-8.79)). Residuals of WC over BMI showed positive associations when adjusted for BMI (OR per 10 cm = 1.38 (0.98-1.94)). Body shape at younger ages and body shape evolution were not associated with risk. No heterogeneity was observed by receptor status. In this population of Latin American premenopausal women, different fat distributions in adulthood were differentially associated with risk of breast cancer. |
| publishDate |
2020 |
| dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv |
2020 |
| dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv |
2024-08-12T15:03:14Z |
| dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv |
2024-08-12T15:03:14Z |
| dc.type.spa.fl_str_mv |
Artículo de investigación |
| dc.type.coar.spa.fl_str_mv |
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1 |
| dc.type.redcol.spa.fl_str_mv |
https://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/ART |
| dc.type.coarversion.spa.fl_str_mv |
http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85 |
| dc.type.driver.spa.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
| dc.type.version.spa.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
| format |
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1 |
| status_str |
publishedVersion |
| dc.identifier.citation.spa.fl_str_mv |
His M, Biessy C, Torres-Mejía G, Ángeles-Llerenas A, Alvarado-Cabrero I, Sánchez GI, Borrero M, Porras C, Rodriguez AC, Garmendia ML, Olivier M, Porter PL, Lin M, Gunter MJ, Romieu I, Rinaldi S; PRECAMA team. Anthropometry, body shape in early-life and risk of premenopausal breast cancer among Latin American women: results from the PRECAMA study. Sci Rep. 2020 Feb 10;10(1):2294. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-59056-6. |
| dc.identifier.uri.none.fl_str_mv |
https://hdl.handle.net/10495/41110 |
| dc.identifier.doi.none.fl_str_mv |
10.1038/s41598-020-59056-6 |
| dc.identifier.eissn.none.fl_str_mv |
2045-2322 |
| identifier_str_mv |
His M, Biessy C, Torres-Mejía G, Ángeles-Llerenas A, Alvarado-Cabrero I, Sánchez GI, Borrero M, Porras C, Rodriguez AC, Garmendia ML, Olivier M, Porter PL, Lin M, Gunter MJ, Romieu I, Rinaldi S; PRECAMA team. Anthropometry, body shape in early-life and risk of premenopausal breast cancer among Latin American women: results from the PRECAMA study. Sci Rep. 2020 Feb 10;10(1):2294. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-59056-6. 10.1038/s41598-020-59056-6 2045-2322 |
| url |
https://hdl.handle.net/10495/41110 |
| dc.language.iso.spa.fl_str_mv |
eng |
| language |
eng |
| dc.relation.ispartofjournalabbrev.spa.fl_str_mv |
Sci. Rep. |
| dc.relation.citationendpage.spa.fl_str_mv |
12 |
| dc.relation.citationissue.spa.fl_str_mv |
1 |
| dc.relation.citationstartpage.spa.fl_str_mv |
1 |
| dc.relation.citationvolume.spa.fl_str_mv |
10 |
| dc.relation.ispartofjournal.spa.fl_str_mv |
Scientific Reports |
| dc.rights.uri.*.fl_str_mv |
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/co/ |
| dc.rights.uri.spa.fl_str_mv |
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ |
| dc.rights.accessrights.spa.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
| dc.rights.coar.spa.fl_str_mv |
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2 |
| rights_invalid_str_mv |
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/co/ https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2 |
| eu_rights_str_mv |
openAccess |
| dc.format.extent.spa.fl_str_mv |
12 páginas |
| dc.format.mimetype.spa.fl_str_mv |
application/pdf |
| dc.publisher.spa.fl_str_mv |
Nature Publishing Group |
| dc.publisher.place.spa.fl_str_mv |
Londres, Inglaterra |
| institution |
Universidad de Antioquia |
| bitstream.url.fl_str_mv |
https://bibliotecadigital.udea.edu.co/bitstreams/538ed2c7-5712-4bf3-8e69-b7b73f6f4025/download https://bibliotecadigital.udea.edu.co/bitstreams/9e5e899f-c3de-439c-bd23-b8d33f6c2485/download https://bibliotecadigital.udea.edu.co/bitstreams/379be560-5b3b-4290-b21d-316ccce09163/download https://bibliotecadigital.udea.edu.co/bitstreams/1e5ddeba-fc19-4675-938d-7d15166009f1/download https://bibliotecadigital.udea.edu.co/bitstreams/dd497729-9be4-45d7-8f7d-17aedd7817f1/download |
| bitstream.checksum.fl_str_mv |
afa9ce8b51828639a3a6b4b3c029d639 1646d1f6b96dbbbc38035efc9239ac9c 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 2342b303eee3874ffbc681db2808b809 c6be5b026ffb4f89a7da7a48aabe6d1a |
| bitstream.checksumAlgorithm.fl_str_mv |
MD5 MD5 MD5 MD5 MD5 |
| repository.name.fl_str_mv |
Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad de Antioquia |
| repository.mail.fl_str_mv |
aplicacionbibliotecadigitalbiblioteca@udea.edu.co |
| _version_ |
1851052215210344448 |
| spelling |
Bedoya Berrío, Gabriel de JesúsSánchez Vásquez, GloriaBorrero Franco, MauricioTorres Mejía, GabrielaÁngeles Llerenas, AngélicaAlvarado Cabrero, IsabelHis, MathildeBiessy, CarinePorras, CarolinaRodríguez, Ana CeciliaGarmendia, Maria LuisaOlivier, MagaliPorter, Peggy LLin, MingGangGunter, Marc JRomieu, IsabelleRinaldi, SabinaTejeda, JennyNavarro, EdgarJaramillo, RobertoRodas Cortes, YorlanyÁngel, AlbertoAndres Ossa, CarlosArias, William HCock Rada, Alicia MaríaEcheverri, CarolinaHerazo, FernandoDíaz Yunez, IsraelHernández, ÁngelCortes, BernalGonzález, PaulaOcampo, RebeccaGuillen, DiegoMoyano, LeonorSoto, José LuisDonato, ElizabethGuenthoer, JamieDonn, ThomasWirtala, KellyLoucks, HaileyGenética Molecular (GENMOL)Infección y Cáncer2024-08-12T15:03:14Z2024-08-12T15:03:14Z2020His M, Biessy C, Torres-Mejía G, Ángeles-Llerenas A, Alvarado-Cabrero I, Sánchez GI, Borrero M, Porras C, Rodriguez AC, Garmendia ML, Olivier M, Porter PL, Lin M, Gunter MJ, Romieu I, Rinaldi S; PRECAMA team. Anthropometry, body shape in early-life and risk of premenopausal breast cancer among Latin American women: results from the PRECAMA study. Sci Rep. 2020 Feb 10;10(1):2294. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-59056-6.https://hdl.handle.net/10495/4111010.1038/s41598-020-59056-62045-2322ABSTRACT: Cumulating evidence in Caucasian women suggests a positive association between height and premenopausal breast cancer risk and a negative association with overall adiposity; however data from Latin America are scarce. We investigated the associations between excess adiposity, body shape evolution across life, and risk of premenopausal breast cancer among 406 cases (women aged 20-45) and 406 matched population-based controls from Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, and Mexico. Negative associations between adult adiposity and breast cancer risk were observed in adjusted models (body mass index (BMI): Odds ratio (OR) per 1 kg/m2 = 0.93; 95% confidence interval = 0.89-0.96; waist circumference (WC): OR per 10 cm = 0.81 (0.69-0.96); hip circumference (HC): OR per 10 cm = 0.80 (0.67-0.95)). Height and leg length were not associated with risk. In normal weight women (18.5 ≤ BMI < 25), women with central obesity (WC > 88 cm) had an increased risk compared to women with normal WC (OR = 3.60(1.47-8.79)). Residuals of WC over BMI showed positive associations when adjusted for BMI (OR per 10 cm = 1.38 (0.98-1.94)). Body shape at younger ages and body shape evolution were not associated with risk. No heterogeneity was observed by receptor status. In this population of Latin American premenopausal women, different fat distributions in adulthood were differentially associated with risk of breast cancer.Universidad de Antioquia. Vicerrectoría de investigación. Comité para el Desarrollo de la Investigación - CODIColombia. Ministerio de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación - MincienciasInternational Agency For Research on CancerOrganización Panamericana de la SaludUniversidad de Antioquia. Grupo Infección y CáncerCOL0006723COL001232812 páginasapplication/pdfengNature Publishing GroupLondres, Inglaterrahttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/co/https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2Anthropometry, body shape in early-life and risk of premenopausal breast cancer among Latin American women results from the PRECAMA studyArtículo de investigaciónhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1https://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/ARThttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85info:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionAdiposityAdiposidadBody Mass IndexÍndice de Masa CorporalBreast NeoplasmsNeoplasias de la MamaCase-Control StudiesEstudios de Casos y ControlesObesity, AbdominalObesidad AbdominalPremenopausePremenopausiaRisk FactorsFactores de RiesgoWaist CircumferenceCircunferencia de la Cinturahttps://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D050154https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D015992https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D001943https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D016022https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D056128https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D017697https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D012307https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D055105Sci. Rep.121110Scientific ReportsCODI grants CPT-1801, SIIU-2019–25272 and Estrategia de Sostenibilidad 2013–2014Minciencias 1115–569–348899RoR:03bp5hc83RoR:03fd5ne08RoR:00v452281RoR:008kev776PublicationORIGINALBedoyaGabriel_2020_Anthropometry_PRECAMA_Study.pdfBedoyaGabriel_2020_Anthropometry_PRECAMA_Study.pdfArtículo de investigaciónapplication/pdf1147668https://bibliotecadigital.udea.edu.co/bitstreams/538ed2c7-5712-4bf3-8e69-b7b73f6f4025/downloadafa9ce8b51828639a3a6b4b3c029d639MD51trueAnonymousREADCC-LICENSElicense_rdflicense_rdfapplication/rdf+xml; charset=utf-8927https://bibliotecadigital.udea.edu.co/bitstreams/9e5e899f-c3de-439c-bd23-b8d33f6c2485/download1646d1f6b96dbbbc38035efc9239ac9cMD52falseAnonymousREADLICENSElicense.txtlicense.txttext/plain; charset=utf-81748https://bibliotecadigital.udea.edu.co/bitstreams/379be560-5b3b-4290-b21d-316ccce09163/download8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33MD53falseAnonymousREADTEXTBedoyaGabriel_2020_Anthropometry_PRECAMA_Study.pdf.txtBedoyaGabriel_2020_Anthropometry_PRECAMA_Study.pdf.txtExtracted texttext/plain61214https://bibliotecadigital.udea.edu.co/bitstreams/1e5ddeba-fc19-4675-938d-7d15166009f1/download2342b303eee3874ffbc681db2808b809MD54falseAnonymousREADTHUMBNAILBedoyaGabriel_2020_Anthropometry_PRECAMA_Study.pdf.jpgBedoyaGabriel_2020_Anthropometry_PRECAMA_Study.pdf.jpgGenerated Thumbnailimage/jpeg16591https://bibliotecadigital.udea.edu.co/bitstreams/dd497729-9be4-45d7-8f7d-17aedd7817f1/downloadc6be5b026ffb4f89a7da7a48aabe6d1aMD55falseAnonymousREAD10495/41110oai:bibliotecadigital.udea.edu.co:10495/411102025-03-26 18:43:48.219http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/co/open.accesshttps://bibliotecadigital.udea.edu.coRepositorio Institucional de la Universidad de Antioquiaaplicacionbibliotecadigitalbiblioteca@udea.edu.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 |
