Respuesta inmune a infecciones virales
ABSTRACT: Viral infections induce natural and acquired immune responses. The immune response terminates many viral infections before much damage have been done, resulting in mild or even subclinical infections. However, in some situations, and depending on both, the viral agent and the host, the imm...
- Autores:
-
Rugeles López, María Teresa
- Tipo de recurso:
- Review article
- Fecha de publicación:
- 1998
- Institución:
- Universidad de Antioquia
- Repositorio:
- Repositorio UdeA
- Idioma:
- spa
- OAI Identifier:
- oai:bibliotecadigital.udea.edu.co:10495/7217
- Acceso en línea:
- http://hdl.handle.net/10495/7217
- Palabra clave:
- Enfermedades virales
Respuesta inmune
- Rights
- openAccess
- License
- https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/
| Summary: | ABSTRACT: Viral infections induce natural and acquired immune responses. The immune response terminates many viral infections before much damage have been done, resulting in mild or even subclinical infections. However, in some situations, and depending on both, the viral agent and the host, the immune system is not able to control the initial infection. Some viruses are lethal for particular hosts, other establish persistent infections and sometimes the immune response is actually harmful, causing tissue damage in vital organs (immunopathogenic processes). The most important components of the innate immunity to control viral infections are: natural barriers, that prevent entrance of virus, natural killer cells (NK) which lyse the infected cells directly releasing cytolytic granules or by the mechanism of ADCC and the interferons, which exert the antiviral effect by multiple mechanisms such as interfering with viral replication and increasing antigen presentation. Both, the production of antibodies bind the virus, neutralizing and opsonizing them, enhancing phagocytosis and promoting the destruction of virus particles or virus infected cells through the complement or through the mechanism of ADCC. CD8+ T lymphocytes are the most important cytotoxic cells in viral infections. Their function is dependent on help from CD4+ T cells, which also potentiate production of antibodies mainly through soluble factors such as cytokines. The antibodies are the control key elements during reinfections, since they continue to be synthesized during several years post primary infections. Memory T lymphocytes are generated very soon after primary infection but their persistence is variable and depend on the type of viral infection. |
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