Estrategias de estabilización de lodos de plantas de tratamiento de aguas residuales (PTAR) y su aplicación en el suelo
La estabilización y valorización de biosólidos generados en plantas de tratamiento de aguas residuales (PTAR) constituye una estrategia ambientalmente sostenible para la gestión de estos subproductos. Este artículo trabajo realiza un análisis bibliométrico para identificar las tendencias de investig...
- Autores:
-
Ochoa Cano, Maria Camila
- Tipo de recurso:
- Review article
- Fecha de publicación:
- 2025
- Institución:
- Universidad de Antioquia
- Repositorio:
- Repositorio UdeA
- Idioma:
- spa
- OAI Identifier:
- oai:bibliotecadigital.udea.edu.co:10495/46872
- Acceso en línea:
- https://hdl.handle.net/10495/46872
- Palabra clave:
- Tratamiento de lodos
Sludge treatment
Aguas residuales - tratamiento por proceso de lodo
Sewage - Purification - sludge process
Agricultura
Agriculture
Biosólido
Biosolids
http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_06b4fb93
- Rights
- openAccess
- License
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
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Estrategias de estabilización de lodos de plantas de tratamiento de aguas residuales (PTAR) y su aplicación en el suelo |
| title |
Estrategias de estabilización de lodos de plantas de tratamiento de aguas residuales (PTAR) y su aplicación en el suelo |
| spellingShingle |
Estrategias de estabilización de lodos de plantas de tratamiento de aguas residuales (PTAR) y su aplicación en el suelo Tratamiento de lodos Sludge treatment Aguas residuales - tratamiento por proceso de lodo Sewage - Purification - sludge process Agricultura Agriculture Biosólido Biosolids http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_06b4fb93 |
| title_short |
Estrategias de estabilización de lodos de plantas de tratamiento de aguas residuales (PTAR) y su aplicación en el suelo |
| title_full |
Estrategias de estabilización de lodos de plantas de tratamiento de aguas residuales (PTAR) y su aplicación en el suelo |
| title_fullStr |
Estrategias de estabilización de lodos de plantas de tratamiento de aguas residuales (PTAR) y su aplicación en el suelo |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Estrategias de estabilización de lodos de plantas de tratamiento de aguas residuales (PTAR) y su aplicación en el suelo |
| title_sort |
Estrategias de estabilización de lodos de plantas de tratamiento de aguas residuales (PTAR) y su aplicación en el suelo |
| dc.creator.fl_str_mv |
Ochoa Cano, Maria Camila |
| dc.contributor.advisor.none.fl_str_mv |
Castro Jiménez, Camilo César |
| dc.contributor.author.none.fl_str_mv |
Ochoa Cano, Maria Camila |
| dc.subject.lemb.none.fl_str_mv |
Tratamiento de lodos Sludge treatment Aguas residuales - tratamiento por proceso de lodo Sewage - Purification - sludge process Agricultura Agriculture |
| topic |
Tratamiento de lodos Sludge treatment Aguas residuales - tratamiento por proceso de lodo Sewage - Purification - sludge process Agricultura Agriculture Biosólido Biosolids http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_06b4fb93 |
| dc.subject.agrovoc.none.fl_str_mv |
Biosólido Biosolids |
| dc.subject.agrovocuri.none.fl_str_mv |
http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_06b4fb93 |
| description |
La estabilización y valorización de biosólidos generados en plantas de tratamiento de aguas residuales (PTAR) constituye una estrategia ambientalmente sostenible para la gestión de estos subproductos. Este artículo trabajo realiza un análisis bibliométrico para identificar las tendencias de investigación relacionadas con la estabilización y valorización de biosólidos, evaluando los principales métodos de tratamiento y su aplicación en suelos. Se revisaron estudios científicos que abordan el uso agrícola de biosólidos y su impacto en el suelo. Los resultados destacan a la digestión anaerobia como la técnica más empleada, debido a sus ventajas en la reducción de volumen, la obtención de biosólidos con características aptas para su uso y la generación de biogás como fuente de energía renovable. Los biosólidos demuestran un alto potencial para la rehabilitación de suelos degradados, como los infértiles y erosionados; sin embargo, su aplicación debe estar regulada para mitigar posibles riesgos ambientales. Se concluye que, a pesar de los beneficios evidentes, es imperativo robustecer las investigaciones en este campo, particularmente en países como Colombia, y desarrollar protocolos específicos de monitoreo y control para garantizar una aplicación segura y sostenible. |
| publishDate |
2025 |
| dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv |
2025-07-29T15:09:47Z |
| dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv |
2025 |
| dc.type.none.fl_str_mv |
Trabajo de grado - Especialización |
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http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_dcae04bc |
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http://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/COther |
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Text |
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http://purl.org/coar/version/c_b1a7d7d4d402bcce |
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info:eu-repo/semantics/other |
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info:eu-repo/semantics/draft |
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http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_dcae04bc |
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draft |
| dc.identifier.citation.none.fl_str_mv |
Ochoa Cano, MC. (2025). Estrategias de aprovechamiento de lodos provenientes de plantas de tratamiento de aguas residuales (PTAR) - 2025 [Trabajo de grado especialización]. Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia. |
| dc.identifier.uri.none.fl_str_mv |
https://hdl.handle.net/10495/46872 |
| identifier_str_mv |
Ochoa Cano, MC. (2025). Estrategias de aprovechamiento de lodos provenientes de plantas de tratamiento de aguas residuales (PTAR) - 2025 [Trabajo de grado especialización]. Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia. |
| url |
https://hdl.handle.net/10495/46872 |
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spa |
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spa |
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Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-46747-9_1 Zoghlami, R. I., Hamdi, H., Mokni-Tlili, S., Hechmi, S., Khelil, M. N., Ben Aissa, N., Moussa, M., Bousnina, H., Benzarti, S., & Jedidi, N. (2020a). Monitoring the variation of soil quality with sewage sludge application rates in absence of rhizosphere effect. International Soil and Water Conservation Research, 8(3), 245-252. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ISWCR.2020.07.007 Zoghlami, R. I., Hamdi, H., Mokni-Tlili, S., Hechmi, S., Khelil, M. N., Ben Aissa, N., Moussa, M., Bousnina, H., Benzarti, S., & Jedidi, N. (2020b). Monitoring the variation of soil quality with sewage sludge application rates in absence of rhizosphere effect. International Soil and Water Conservation Research, 8(3), 245-252. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ISWCR.2020.07.007 |
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Castro Jiménez, Camilo CésarOchoa Cano, Maria Camila2025-07-29T15:09:47Z2025Ochoa Cano, MC. (2025). Estrategias de aprovechamiento de lodos provenientes de plantas de tratamiento de aguas residuales (PTAR) - 2025 [Trabajo de grado especialización]. Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia.https://hdl.handle.net/10495/46872La estabilización y valorización de biosólidos generados en plantas de tratamiento de aguas residuales (PTAR) constituye una estrategia ambientalmente sostenible para la gestión de estos subproductos. Este artículo trabajo realiza un análisis bibliométrico para identificar las tendencias de investigación relacionadas con la estabilización y valorización de biosólidos, evaluando los principales métodos de tratamiento y su aplicación en suelos. Se revisaron estudios científicos que abordan el uso agrícola de biosólidos y su impacto en el suelo. Los resultados destacan a la digestión anaerobia como la técnica más empleada, debido a sus ventajas en la reducción de volumen, la obtención de biosólidos con características aptas para su uso y la generación de biogás como fuente de energía renovable. Los biosólidos demuestran un alto potencial para la rehabilitación de suelos degradados, como los infértiles y erosionados; sin embargo, su aplicación debe estar regulada para mitigar posibles riesgos ambientales. Se concluye que, a pesar de los beneficios evidentes, es imperativo robustecer las investigaciones en este campo, particularmente en países como Colombia, y desarrollar protocolos específicos de monitoreo y control para garantizar una aplicación segura y sostenible.The stabilization and valorization of sludge generated in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) represent an environmentally sustainable strategy for the efficient management of these byproducts. This study conducts a bibliometric analysis to identify research trends related to the stabilization and valorization of biosolids, evaluating the main treatment methods and their application in soils. Scientific studies addressing the agricultural use of biosolids and their impact on soil were reviewed. The results highlight anaerobic digestion as the most widely used technique due to its advantages in volume reduction, the production of biosolids with suitable characteristics for use, and the generation of biogas as a renewable energy source. Biosolids demonstrate significant potential for rehabilitating degraded soils, such as infertile and eroded ones; however, their application must be strictly regulated to mitigate potential environmental risks. It is concluded that, despite the evident benefits, it is imperative to strengthen research in this field, particularly in countries like Colombia, and to develop specific monitoring and control protocols to ensure safe and sustainable applicationEspecializaciónEspecialista en Gestión Ambiental32 páginasapplication/pdfspaUniversidad de AntioquiaEspecialización en Gestión AmbientalMedellín, ColombiaFacultad de IngenieríaCampus Medellín - Ciudad Universitariahttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessAttribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 Internationalhttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2Estrategias de estabilización de lodos de plantas de tratamiento de aguas residuales (PTAR) y su aplicación en el sueloTrabajo de grado - Especializaciónhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_dcae04bchttp://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/COtherTexthttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_b1a7d7d4d402bcceinfo:eu-repo/semantics/otherinfo:eu-repo/semantics/draftAdur, A. J., Narendra, K., & Devarajan, R. (2024). Plant Soil Nutrition and Carbon Sequestration Plant Soil Nutrition and Carbon Sequestration. November. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-53590-1 Ali, M., Ahmed, T., Abu-Dieyeh, M., & Al-Ghouti, M. (2021). Environmental impacts of using municipal biosolids on soil, plant and groundwater qualities. Sustainability (Switzerland), 13(15), 1-25. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13158368 Amorim Júnior, S. S. de, Pereira, M. A. de S., Lima, P. de M., Marishigue, M., Guilherme, D. de O., & Magalhães Filho, F. J. C. (2021). Evidences on the application of biosolids and the effects on chemical characteristics in infertile tropical sandy soils. Cleaner Engineering and Technology, 4. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.CLET.2021.100245 Arlo, L., Beretta, A., Szogi, A. A., & del Pino, A. (2022). Biomass production, metal and nutrient content in sorghum plants grown on soils amended with sewage sludge. Heliyon, 8(1). https://doi.org/10.1016/J.HELIYON.2021.E08658 Badaou, A. N. A. D., & Sahin, U. (2022). Effects of sewage sludge amendment and wetting–drying cycles of wastewater irrigation on structural improvement of clay soil. International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 19(7), 6453-6466. https://doi.org/10.1007/S13762-021-03585-8 Balidakis, A., Matsi, T., Karagianni, A.-G., & Ipsilantis, I. (2022). Soil Application of Sewage Sludge Treated with Clay Minerals or Biochar and Its Effect on Soil Properties and White Clover’s (Trifolium repens L.) Growth and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungal Root Colonization. Applied Sciences (Switzerland), 12(22). https://doi.org/10.3390/app122211382 Belmeskine, H., Ouameur, W. A., Dilmi, N., & Aouabed, A. (2020). The vermicomposting for agricultural valorization of sludge from Algerian wastewater treatment plant: impact on growth of snap bean Phaseolus vulgaris L. Heliyon, 6(8). https://doi.org/10.1016/J.HELIYON.2020.E04679 Boruszko, D. (2020). 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Decreto 1287 Del 10 de Julio De 2014 «Por el cual se establecen criterios para el uso de los biosólidos generados en plantas de tratamiento de aguas residuales municipales». 10-Julio-2014, 1-15. http://wsp.presidencia.gov.co/Normativa/Decretos/2014/Documents/JULIO/10/DECRETO 1287 DEL 10 DE JULIO DE 2014.pdf Moinard, V., Redondi, C., Etiévant, V., Savoie, A., Duchene, D., Pelosi, C., Houot, S., & Capowiez, Y. (2021). Short- and long-term impacts of anaerobic digestate spreading on earthworms in cropped soils. Applied Soil Ecology, 168(July). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsoil.2021.104149 Mulopo, J. (2024). A systematic overview of current advancements for chemical, material, and energy production using sewage sludge for industrial ecology and sustainability transition. Environmental Sustainability, 7(1), 5-29. https://doi.org/10.1007/S42398-023-00301-9 Neczaj, E., Grosser, A., Grobelak, A., Celary, P., & Singh, B. R. (2021). 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Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-46747-9_1 Zoghlami, R. I., Hamdi, H., Mokni-Tlili, S., Hechmi, S., Khelil, M. N., Ben Aissa, N., Moussa, M., Bousnina, H., Benzarti, S., & Jedidi, N. (2020a). Monitoring the variation of soil quality with sewage sludge application rates in absence of rhizosphere effect. International Soil and Water Conservation Research, 8(3), 245-252. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ISWCR.2020.07.007 Zoghlami, R. I., Hamdi, H., Mokni-Tlili, S., Hechmi, S., Khelil, M. N., Ben Aissa, N., Moussa, M., Bousnina, H., Benzarti, S., & Jedidi, N. (2020b). Monitoring the variation of soil quality with sewage sludge application rates in absence of rhizosphere effect. 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