Performance of GEM detectors for the future upgrades of the CMS forward muon system

The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) is undergoing a series of upgrades toward the high-luminosity era, known as HL-LHC, with the main objective of increasing the collision rate and, consequently, the volume of significant data. This enhancement aims to enrich the study of fundamental interactions in particle physics. The Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS), one of the experiments located at the collision points, is also upgrading its sub-detectors to prepare for the high particle fluxes expected during the HL-LHC era. Among these sub-detectors are the Gas Electron Multipliers (GEMs), which have been selected to equip the GE1/1, GE2/1, and ME0 stations of the CMS muon endcap. The CMS community chose GEM technology due to its intrinsic rate capability, aging resistance, low discharge probability, and high temporal and spatial resolution—all of which are crucial for operating in the high particle flux environment anticipated in these stations. During the LHC LS2 shutdown upgrade, the CMS GEM collaboration installed the GE1/1 station, which covers the pseudorapidity region 1.55 < η < 2.18. Each of the two endcap disks of the GE1/1 station is segmented into 36 super-chambers distributed along the azimuthal φ direction. A super-chamber consists of two trapezoidal chambers, each based on a triple-GEM design. Each chamber contains a GE1/1 triple-GEM detector with integrated readout electronics. Similarly, the GE2/1 station is being prepared for future upgrades to cover the range 1.6 < η < 2.45. Finally the future ME0 station will cover the range 2.0 < η < 2.8. The general topic of this thesis is the detailed study of the GE1/1, GE2/1, and ME0 GEM detectors and chambers (the detector, along with the front-end electronics and mechanics required for installation in CMS). The work presented here is the result of three years of internship at the CMS GEM QA/QC laboratory at CERN in Geneva, where the author contributed to the quality assessment (QA) and quality control (QC) of the mass-produced GE1/1 and GE2/1 chambers, as well as the research and development (R&D) phase of the ME0 detectors. The contributions presented in this thesis are related to the GE1/1 chamber assembly and QA/QC, with procedures to optimize those processes and the development of data acquisition (DAQ) and control software for the optimization of the related tasks. Moreover, it is presented the GE2/1 detector assembly and the DAQ software adapted to the requirements of the GE2/1 mass production. Finally, the R& D phase of ME0, with the rate capability and discharge propagation studies is presented to validate its operation under the CMS high luminosity conditions.

• Autores: Ramírez García, Luis Felipe
• Tipo de recurso: Doctoral thesis
• Fecha de publicación: 2024
• Institución: Universidad de Antioquia
• Repositorio: Repositorio UdeA
• Idioma: eng
• OAI Identifier: oai:bibliotecadigital.udea.edu.co:10495/45716
• Acceso en línea: https://hdl.handle.net/10495/45716
• Palabra clave: Gran Colisionador de Hadrones; Large Hadron Collider (France and Switzerland); Aceleración de partículas; Particle acceleration; Multiplicadores fotoeléctricos; Photoelectric multipliers; Física nuclear - Instrumentos; Nuclear physics - Instruments; 1. Ciencias Naturales::1C. Ciencias físicas::1C03. Física de partículas y campos; 1. Ciencias Naturales::1C. Ciencias físicas::1C04. Física nuclear; Solenoide compacto de muones; http://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh85074708; http://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh93001513; http://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh85101162; http://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh85093026
• Rights: openAccess
• License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/