Detección de paramyxovirus en murciélagos del departamento de Córdoba, Colombia

Este estudio tuvo como objetivo detectar la presencia de paramyxovirus en murciélagos del departamento de Córdoba, Colombia. Se analizaron muestras de 100 individuos pertenecientes a 11 especies de la familia Phyllostomidae, recolectadas en zonas urbanas, periurbanas y rurales. Se emplearon técnicas...

Full description

Autores:
Gómez Navarro, Nayerlys
Tipo de recurso:
Trabajo de grado de pregrado
Fecha de publicación:
2025
Institución:
Universidad de Córdoba
Repositorio:
Repositorio Institucional Unicórdoba
Idioma:
spa
OAI Identifier:
oai:repositorio.unicordoba.edu.co:ucordoba/9544
Acceso en línea:
https://repositorio.unicordoba.edu.co/handle/ucordoba/9544
https://repositorio.unicordoba.edu.co/
Palabra clave:
RT-PCR
Zoonosis
Fauna silvestre
Vigilancia epidemiológica
Virus emergentes
RT-PCR
Zoonosis
Wildlife
Epidemiological Surveillance
Emerging viruses
Rights
openAccess
License
Copyright Universidad de Córdoba, 2025
id UCORDOBA2_1a624229a0a728370f69b2b358e2768e
oai_identifier_str oai:repositorio.unicordoba.edu.co:ucordoba/9544
network_acronym_str UCORDOBA2
network_name_str Repositorio Institucional Unicórdoba
repository_id_str
dc.title.spa.fl_str_mv Detección de paramyxovirus en murciélagos del departamento de Córdoba, Colombia
title Detección de paramyxovirus en murciélagos del departamento de Córdoba, Colombia
spellingShingle Detección de paramyxovirus en murciélagos del departamento de Córdoba, Colombia
RT-PCR
Zoonosis
Fauna silvestre
Vigilancia epidemiológica
Virus emergentes
RT-PCR
Zoonosis
Wildlife
Epidemiological Surveillance
Emerging viruses
title_short Detección de paramyxovirus en murciélagos del departamento de Córdoba, Colombia
title_full Detección de paramyxovirus en murciélagos del departamento de Córdoba, Colombia
title_fullStr Detección de paramyxovirus en murciélagos del departamento de Córdoba, Colombia
title_full_unstemmed Detección de paramyxovirus en murciélagos del departamento de Córdoba, Colombia
title_sort Detección de paramyxovirus en murciélagos del departamento de Córdoba, Colombia
dc.creator.fl_str_mv Gómez Navarro, Nayerlys
dc.contributor.advisor.none.fl_str_mv Echeverri de la Hoz, Daniel Mauricio
Martínez Bravo, Caty Milena
dc.contributor.author.none.fl_str_mv Gómez Navarro, Nayerlys
dc.contributor.jury.none.fl_str_mv Pérez Cogollo, Luis Carlos
Calderón Rangel, Alfonso
dc.subject.proposal.spa.fl_str_mv RT-PCR
Zoonosis
Fauna silvestre
Vigilancia epidemiológica
Virus emergentes
topic RT-PCR
Zoonosis
Fauna silvestre
Vigilancia epidemiológica
Virus emergentes
RT-PCR
Zoonosis
Wildlife
Epidemiological Surveillance
Emerging viruses
dc.subject.keywords.eng.fl_str_mv RT-PCR
Zoonosis
Wildlife
Epidemiological Surveillance
Emerging viruses
description Este estudio tuvo como objetivo detectar la presencia de paramyxovirus en murciélagos del departamento de Córdoba, Colombia. Se analizaron muestras de 100 individuos pertenecientes a 11 especies de la familia Phyllostomidae, recolectadas en zonas urbanas, periurbanas y rurales. Se emplearon técnicas de biología molecular, utilizando RT-PCR semianidada dirigida al gen L del virus. La detección se confirmó por electroforesis en gel de agarosa. Se identificó un caso positivo en una hembra adulta de Phyllostomus discolor capturada en una zona rural del municipio de Chimá. Esta especie, de hábitos omnívoros y amplia capacidad de movimiento, podría haber facilitado su exposición al virus en distintos entornos. A pesar de la baja frecuencia, este hallazgo representa el primer reporte de paramyxovirus en murciélagos en Colombia. Los resultados destacan la necesidad de fortalecer la vigilancia epidemiológica de virus emergentes en fauna silvestre, ampliar el esfuerzo de muestreo y aplicar herramientas moleculares más sensibles. Además, se sugiere explorar el rol ecológico de los murciélagos en la diseminación viral, especialmente en ecosistemas compartidos con otras especies como las aves migratorias.
publishDate 2025
dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv 2025-09-03T16:31:21Z
dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv 2025-09-03T16:31:21Z
dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv 2025-09-02
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv Trabajo de grado - Pregrado
dc.type.driver.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/bachelorThesis
dc.type.coar.none.fl_str_mv http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_7a1f
dc.type.version.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion
dc.type.content.none.fl_str_mv Text
format http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_7a1f
status_str acceptedVersion
dc.identifier.uri.none.fl_str_mv https://repositorio.unicordoba.edu.co/handle/ucordoba/9544
dc.identifier.instname.none.fl_str_mv Universidad de Córdoba
dc.identifier.reponame.none.fl_str_mv Repositorio Universidad de Córdoba
dc.identifier.repourl.none.fl_str_mv https://repositorio.unicordoba.edu.co/
url https://repositorio.unicordoba.edu.co/handle/ucordoba/9544
https://repositorio.unicordoba.edu.co/
identifier_str_mv Universidad de Córdoba
Repositorio Universidad de Córdoba
dc.language.iso.none.fl_str_mv spa
language spa
dc.relation.references.none.fl_str_mv Almida, F. T., Veloz, N. S., & Puig, I. D. C. R. (2022). Estudio sobre convivencia entre población humana y murciélagos en la Universidad de Granma (Original). Redel. Revista Granmense de Desarrollo Local, 6(4), 383-405.
Amarasinghe, G. K., Bào, Y., Basler, C. F., Bavari, S., Beer, M., Bejerman, N., Blasdell, K. R., Bochnowski, A., Briese, T., Bukreyev, A., Calisher, C. H., Chandran, K., Collins, P. L., Dietzgen, R. G., Dolnik, O., Dürrwald, R., Dye, J. M., Easton, A. J., Ebihara, H., … Kuhn, J. H. (2017). Taxonomy of the order Mononegavirales: update 2017. Archives of Virology, 162(8). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-017-3311-7
Anderson, S. C., & Ruxton, G. D. (2020). The evolution of flight in bats: a novel hypothesis. In Mammal Review (Vol. 50, Issue 4). https://doi.org/10.1111/mam.12211
Ayolabi, C. I., Olusola, B. A., Lawal, A. A., Chibuike, A. D., & Nzekwue, B. N. (2022). Detection of novel paramyxoviruses in Chaerephon bat species in Nigeria and phylogenetics of paramyxoviruses co-evolution with bats in Africa. Zoonoses and Public Health, 69(2). https://doi.org/10.1111/zph.12900
Beena, V., & Saikumar, G. (2019). Emerging horizon for bat borne viral zoonoses. In VirusDisease (Vol. 30, Issue 3). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13337-019-00548-z
Calisher, C. H., Childs, J. E., Field, H. E., Holmes, K. V., & Schountz, T. (2006). Bats: Important reservoir hosts of emerging viruses. In Clinical Microbiology Reviews (Vol. 19, Issue 3). https://doi.org/10.1128/CMR.00017-06
Chan, J. F. W., To, K. K. W., Tse, H., Jin, D. Y., & Yuen, K. Y. (2013). Interspecies transmission and emergence of novel viruses: Lessons from bats and birds. In Trends in Microbiology (Vol. 21, Issue 10). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tim.2013.05.005
Chang, A., & Dutch, R. E. (2012). Paramyxovirus fusion and entry: Multiple Paths to a common end. In Viruses (Vol. 4, Issue 4). https://doi.org/10.3390/v4040613
Cox, R., & Plemper, R. K. (2015). The paramyxovirus polymerase complex as a target for next-generation anti-paramyxovirus therapeutics. In Frontiers in Microbiology (Vol. 6, Issue MAY). https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2015.00459
Darcissac, E., Donato, D., de Thoisy, B., Lacoste, V., & Lavergne, A. (2021). Paramyxovirus circulation in bat species from French Guiana. Infection, Genetics and Evolution, 90. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.meegid.2021.104769
de Souza, W. M., Fumagalli, M. J., Carrera, J. P., de Araujo, J., Cardoso, J. F., de Carvalho, C., Durigon, E. L., Queiroz, L. H., Faria, N. R., Murcia, P. R., & Figueiredo, L. T. M. (2021). Paramyxoviruses from neotropical bats suggest a novel genus and nephrotropism. Infection, Genetics and Evolution, 95, 105041. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.MEEGID.2021.105041
Dutheil, F., Clinchamps, M., & Bouillon-Minois, J. B. (2021). Bats, pathogens, and species richness. Pathogens, 10(2). https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10020098
Esquivel, D. A., Aya-Cuero, C. A., Peña, S., Velásquez-Guarín, D., & Ramírez-Chaves, H. E. (2020). Bats (Chiroptera) in the department of Tolima, Colombia: diversity in a humid tropical forest and updated species list for Department. Boletin Cientifico Del Centro de Museos, 24(2). https://doi.org/10.17151/bccm.2020.24.2.6
Glinski, Z., & Ciolek, J. (2020). Bats as reservoir and vector of viruses pathogenic for humans and animals. Zycie Weterynaryjne, 95(1).
Gorbunova, V., Seluanov, A., & Kennedy, B. K. (2020). The World Goes Bats: Living Longer and Tolerating Viruses. In Cell Metabolism (Vol. 32, Issue 1). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmet.2020.06.013
Gupta, P., Singh, M. P., Goyal, K., Tripti, P., Ansari, M. I., Obli Rajendran, V., Dhama, K., & Malik, Y. S. (2021). Bats and viruses: a death-defying friendship. In VirusDisease (Vol. 32, Issue 3). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13337-021-00716-0
Hernández, E. Y. M., & López, Z. I. V. (2019). La otra cara de los murciélagos. Revista Mesoamericana de Biodiversidad y Cambio Climático, 3(6), 46-49.
Han, H. J., Wen, H. ling, Zhou, C. M., Chen, F. F., Luo, L. M., Liu, J. wei, & Yu, X. J. (2015). Bats as reservoirs of severe emerging infectious diseases. In Virus Research (Vol. 205). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.virusres.2015.05.006
Karen, S. H., Gabriela, S. M., Bruno, M. G., Maria, S., Lenin, M. H., & Daniel, G. B. (2016). Prevalence of paramyxoviruses in bats in six areas of madre de dios and puno, Peru with two levels of anthropogenic disturbance. Revista de Investigaciones Veterinarias Del Peru, 27(2). https://doi.org/10.15381/rivep.v27i2.11640
Kłys, G., Ziembik, Z., & Makuchowska-Fryc, J. (2024). Bat Hibernation: In Groups or Individually? Applied Sciences (Switzerland), 14(5). https://doi.org/10.3390/app14052125
Kummer, S., & Kranz, D. C. (2022). Henipaviruses—A constant threat to livestock and humans. In PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases (Vol. 16, Issue 2). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0010157
Kuzmin, I. V., Bozick, B., Guagliardo, S. A., Kunkel, R., Shak, J. R., Tong, S., & Rupprecht, C. E. (2011). Bats, emerging infectious diseases, and the rabies paradigm revisited. In Emerging Health Threats Journal (Vol. 4, Issue 1). https://doi.org/10.3402/ehtj.v4i0.7159
Lawson, E. T., Ayivor, J. S., Ohemeng, F., & Ntiamoa-Baidu, Y. (2019). Avoiding bites and scratches? Understanding the public health implication of human–bat interactions in Ghana. Zoonoses and Public Health, 66(1). https://doi.org/10.1111/zph.12540
Letko, M., Seifert, S. N., Olival, K. J., Plowright, R. K., & Munster, V. J. (2020). Bat-borne virus diversity, spillover and emergence. In Nature Reviews Microbiology (Vol. 18, Issue 8, pp. 461–471). Nature Research. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41579-020-0394-z
MacLachlan, N. J., & Dubovi, E. J. (2017). Paramyxoviridae and Pneumoviridae. Fenner’s Veterinary Virology, 327–356. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-800946-8.00017-9
Malta, L. (2017). Detección molecular de rhabdovirus y pneumovirus en murciélagos del Uruguay.
Mendenhall, C. D., Karp, D. S., Meyer, C. F. J., Hadly, E. A., & Daily, G. C. (2014). Predicting biodiversity change and averting collapse in agricultural landscapes. Nature, 509(7499). https://doi.org/10.1038/nature13139
Moratelli, R., & Calisher, C. H. (2015). Bats and zoonotic viruses: Can we confidently link bats with emerging deadly viruses? Memorias Do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, 110(1). https://doi.org/10.1590/0074-02760150048
Murillo-García, O. E., & Bedoya-Durán, M. J. (2014). Distribución y abundancia de murciélagos en bosques con diferente grado de intervención en el Parque Nacional Natural Gorgona (Colombia). Revista de Biología Tropical, 62. https://doi.org/10.15517/rbt.v62i0.16367
Nojiri, T., Wilson, L. A. B., López-Aguirre, C., Tu, V. T., Kuratani, S., Ito, K., Higashiyama, H., Son, N. T., Fukui, D., Sadier, A., Sears, K. E., Endo, H., Kamihori, S., & Koyabu, D. (2021). Embryonic evidence uncovers convergent origins of laryngeal echolocation in bats. Current Biology, 31(7). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2020.12.043
Peel, A. J., Wells, K., Giles, J., Boyd, V., Burroughs, A., Edson, D., Crameri, G., Baker, M. L., Field, H., Wang, L. F., McCallum, H., Plowright, R. K., & Clark, N. (2019). Synchronous shedding of multiple bat paramyxoviruses coincides with peak periods of Hendra virus spillover. Emerging Microbes and Infections, 8(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/22221751.2019.1661217
Quarleri, J., Galvan, V., & Delpino, M. V. (2022). Henipaviruses: an expanding global public health concern? GeroScience, 44(5). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11357-022-00670-9
Ramírez-Fráncel, L. A., García-Herrera, L. V., Losada-Prado, S., Reinoso-Flórez, G., Sánchez-Hernández, A., Estrada-Villegas, S., Lim, B. K., & Guevara, G. (2022). Bats and their vital ecosystem services: a global review. In Integrative Zoology (Vol. 17, Issue 1, pp. 2–23). John Wiley and Sons Inc. https://doi.org/10.1111/1749-4877.12552
Rima, B., Balkema-Buschmann, A., Dundon, W. G., Duprex, P., Easton, A., Fouchier, R., Kurath, G., Lamb, R., Lee, B., Rota, P., & Wang, L. (2019). ICTV Virus Taxonomy Profile: Paramyxoviridae. Journal of General Virology, 100(12). https://doi.org/10.1099/jgv.0.001328
Rizzo, F., Edenborough, K. M., Toffoli, R., Culasso, P., Zoppi, S., Dondo, A., Robetto, S., Rosati, S., Lander, A., Kurth, A., Orusa, R., Bertolotti, L., & Mandola, M. L. (2017). Coronavirus and paramyxovirus in bats from Northwest Italy. BMC Veterinary Research, 13(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-017-1307-x
Rocha, R., Ovaskainen, O., López-Baucells, A., Farneda, F. Z., Sampaio, E. M., Bobrowiec, P. E. D., Cabeza, M., Palmeirim, J. M., & Meyer, C. F. J. (2018). Secondary forest regeneration benefits old-growth specialist bats in a fragmented tropical landscape. Scientific Reports, 8(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-21999-2
Sasaki, M., Setiyono, A., Handharyani, E., Rahmadani, I., Taha, S., Adiani, S., Subangkit, M., Sawa, H., Nakamura, I., & Kimura, T. (2012). Molecular detection of a novel paramyxovirus in fruit bats from Indonesia. Virology Journal, 9. https://doi.org/10.1186/1743-422X-9-240
Subudhi, S., Rapin, N., & Misra, V. (2019). Immune system modulation and viral persistence in bats: Understanding viral spillover. In Viruses (Vol. 11, Issue 2). https://doi.org/10.3390/v11020192
Tachack, E. B., Oviedo-Socarrás, T., Pastrana, M. O., Pérez-Cogollo, L. C., Benavides, Y. H., Pinto, C. R., & Garay, O. V. (2022). Status of gastrointestinal nematode infections and associated epidemiological factors in sheep from Córdoba, Colombia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, 54(3). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11250-022-03170-2
Tizzano, M. A. CAPÍTULO 5 Paramixovirus. Patogenicidad microbiana en Medicina Veterinaria, 61.
Tong, S., Chern, S. W. W., Li, Y., Pallansch, M. A., & Anderson, L. J. (2008). Sensitive and broadly reactive reverse transcription-PCR assays to detect novel paramyxoviruses. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 46(8). https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.00192-08
Wang, L. F., & Anderson, D. E. (2019). Viruses in bats and potential spillover to animals and humans. In Current Opinion in Virology (Vol. 34). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coviro.2018.12.007
Weatherman, S., Feldmann, H., & de Wit, E. (2018). Transmission of henipaviruses. In Current Opinion in Virology (Vol. 28). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coviro.2017.09.004
Wells, H. (2016). Whole-Genome Sequencing And Phylogenetic Analysis Of Novel Paramyxoviruses Discovered In Bats From Brazil. Public Health Theses. https://elischolar.library.yale.edu/ysphtdl/1318
Wild, T. F. (2009). Henipaviruses: A new family of emerging Paramyxoviruses. In Pathologie Biologie (Vol. 57, Issue 2). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.patbio.2008.04.006
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv Copyright Universidad de Córdoba, 2025
dc.rights.uri.none.fl_str_mv https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
dc.rights.license.none.fl_str_mv Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)
dc.rights.accessrights.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.rights.coar.none.fl_str_mv http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
rights_invalid_str_mv Copyright Universidad de Córdoba, 2025
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.format.mimetype.none.fl_str_mv application/pdf
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv Universidad de Córdoba
dc.publisher.faculty.none.fl_str_mv Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia
dc.publisher.place.none.fl_str_mv Berástegui, Córdoba, Colombia
dc.publisher.program.none.fl_str_mv Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia
publisher.none.fl_str_mv Universidad de Córdoba
institution Universidad de Córdoba
bitstream.url.fl_str_mv https://dspace8-unicordoba.metabuscador.org/bitstreams/8c61d697-271c-47d7-88cd-f6feb8304afe/download
https://dspace8-unicordoba.metabuscador.org/bitstreams/51e5c271-f96b-4071-adf5-d2cd21c0505b/download
https://dspace8-unicordoba.metabuscador.org/bitstreams/d53b9eb7-9a0d-4ffb-a2a1-4ee449335fcb/download
https://dspace8-unicordoba.metabuscador.org/bitstreams/13da0a7e-869a-4264-9f69-da2573595a46/download
https://dspace8-unicordoba.metabuscador.org/bitstreams/ccf33bae-ba13-4a1a-98b0-4e204d2ecaa4/download
https://dspace8-unicordoba.metabuscador.org/bitstreams/80395f22-488f-4bbc-958c-277d351c140a/download
https://dspace8-unicordoba.metabuscador.org/bitstreams/172193bb-a83c-4154-8ec1-12ecd62f2e68/download
bitstream.checksum.fl_str_mv 73a5432e0b76442b22b026844140d683
21cc6e5f092bc51add851b112f958caf
20f244c50683ef6e17b2c3c1c0868414
a11ea82b7678cde08587c879c4fe3018
906232d409babc59c2a030a9fdc3a6ba
c4bb59758dc00a036030a85d67d9564c
53cf25f29fa5ede705f04c92e24f3b8d
bitstream.checksumAlgorithm.fl_str_mv MD5
MD5
MD5
MD5
MD5
MD5
MD5
repository.name.fl_str_mv Repositorio institucional Universidad de Córdoba
repository.mail.fl_str_mv bdigital@metabiblioteca.com
_version_ 1849968423433404416
spelling Echeverri de la Hoz, Daniel MauricioMartínez Bravo, Caty MilenaGómez Navarro, NayerlysPérez Cogollo, Luis CarlosCalderón Rangel, Alfonso2025-09-03T16:31:21Z2025-09-03T16:31:21Z2025-09-02https://repositorio.unicordoba.edu.co/handle/ucordoba/9544Universidad de CórdobaRepositorio Universidad de Córdobahttps://repositorio.unicordoba.edu.co/Este estudio tuvo como objetivo detectar la presencia de paramyxovirus en murciélagos del departamento de Córdoba, Colombia. Se analizaron muestras de 100 individuos pertenecientes a 11 especies de la familia Phyllostomidae, recolectadas en zonas urbanas, periurbanas y rurales. Se emplearon técnicas de biología molecular, utilizando RT-PCR semianidada dirigida al gen L del virus. La detección se confirmó por electroforesis en gel de agarosa. Se identificó un caso positivo en una hembra adulta de Phyllostomus discolor capturada en una zona rural del municipio de Chimá. Esta especie, de hábitos omnívoros y amplia capacidad de movimiento, podría haber facilitado su exposición al virus en distintos entornos. A pesar de la baja frecuencia, este hallazgo representa el primer reporte de paramyxovirus en murciélagos en Colombia. Los resultados destacan la necesidad de fortalecer la vigilancia epidemiológica de virus emergentes en fauna silvestre, ampliar el esfuerzo de muestreo y aplicar herramientas moleculares más sensibles. Además, se sugiere explorar el rol ecológico de los murciélagos en la diseminación viral, especialmente en ecosistemas compartidos con otras especies como las aves migratorias.This study aimed to detect the presence of paramyxovirus in bats from the department of Córdoba, Colombia. Samples from 100 individuals belonging to 11 species of the Phyllostomidae family were analyzed, collected in urban, peri-urban, and rural areas. Molecular biology techniques were used, employing semi-nested RT-PCR targeting the L gene of the virus. Detection was confirmed by agarose gel electrophoresis. One positive case was identified in an adult female Phyllostomus discolor captured in a rural area of the municipality of Chimá. This species, with omnivorous habits and high mobility, could have facilitated its exposure to the virus in different environments. Despite the low frequency, this finding represents the first report of paramyxovirus in bats in Colombia. The results highlight the need to strengthen the epidemiological surveillance of emerging viruses in wildlife, expand sampling efforts, and apply more sensitive molecular tools. In addition, it is suggested to explore the ecological role of bats in viral dissemination, especially in ecosystems shared with other species such as migratory birds.1. Introducción .................132. Objetivos........................162.1 Objetivo general ...................................162.2 Objetivos específicos ..................................163. Marco Teórico.............................173.1 Murciélagos .....................................173.2 Murciélagos en el mantenimiento de virus .................183.3 Paramixovirus ...................203.3.1 Clasificación y Taxonomía....................203.3.2 Genoma y virión ……………..203.3.3 Sistema inmune del murciélago contra los paramixovirus ..........223.4 Antecedentes .......................223.4.1 Paramixovirus en murciélagos del viejo mundo..................223.4.2 Paramixovirus en murciélagos del nuevo mundo ............234. Metodología................................. 264.1 Localización .........................264.2 Tipo de estudio ...............................264.3 Componentes éticos.....................264.4 Procedimiento para la obtención de muestras..........264.5 Metodología para el cumplimiento del objetivo específico 2.2.1 ..... 274.5.1 Caracterización de la población de estudio ...............274.6 Metodología para el cumplimiento del objetivo específico 2.2.2 .............284.6.1 Extraccion de material genético................284.6.2 Detección molecular...................294.7 Metodología para el cumplimiento del objetivo específico 2.2.3 .....304.7.1 Distribución geográfica de los murciélagos positivos a paramixovirus….305. Resultados.......................315.1 Resultados relacionados con el cumplimiento del objetivo específico número 2.2.1..........................315.1.1 Caracterización de la población de estudio..............315.2 Resultados relacionados con el cumplimiento del objetivo específico número 2.2.2.......................................355.2.1 Extracción de material genético......................355.2.2 Detección molecular.........................355.3 Resultados relacionados con el cumplimiento del objetivo específico número 2.2.3.................................365.3.1 Distribución geográfica del murciélago positivo a paramixovirus......366. Discusión .................................397. Conclusiones ...................438. Recomendaciones..............................439. Referencias bibliográficas...............................44PregradoMédico(a) Veterinario(a) y ZootecniaTrabajos de Investigación y/o Extensiónapplication/pdfspaUniversidad de CórdobaFacultad de Medicina Veterinaria y ZootecniaBerástegui, Córdoba, ColombiaMedicina Veterinaria y ZootecniaCopyright Universidad de Córdoba, 2025https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2Detección de paramyxovirus en murciélagos del departamento de Córdoba, ColombiaTrabajo de grado - Pregradoinfo:eu-repo/semantics/bachelorThesishttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_7a1finfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersionTextAlmida, F. T., Veloz, N. S., & Puig, I. D. C. R. (2022). Estudio sobre convivencia entre población humana y murciélagos en la Universidad de Granma (Original). Redel. Revista Granmense de Desarrollo Local, 6(4), 383-405.Amarasinghe, G. K., Bào, Y., Basler, C. F., Bavari, S., Beer, M., Bejerman, N., Blasdell, K. R., Bochnowski, A., Briese, T., Bukreyev, A., Calisher, C. H., Chandran, K., Collins, P. L., Dietzgen, R. G., Dolnik, O., Dürrwald, R., Dye, J. M., Easton, A. J., Ebihara, H., … Kuhn, J. H. (2017). Taxonomy of the order Mononegavirales: update 2017. Archives of Virology, 162(8). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-017-3311-7Anderson, S. C., & Ruxton, G. D. (2020). The evolution of flight in bats: a novel hypothesis. In Mammal Review (Vol. 50, Issue 4). https://doi.org/10.1111/mam.12211Ayolabi, C. I., Olusola, B. A., Lawal, A. A., Chibuike, A. D., & Nzekwue, B. N. (2022). Detection of novel paramyxoviruses in Chaerephon bat species in Nigeria and phylogenetics of paramyxoviruses co-evolution with bats in Africa. Zoonoses and Public Health, 69(2). https://doi.org/10.1111/zph.12900Beena, V., & Saikumar, G. (2019). Emerging horizon for bat borne viral zoonoses. In VirusDisease (Vol. 30, Issue 3). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13337-019-00548-zCalisher, C. H., Childs, J. E., Field, H. E., Holmes, K. V., & Schountz, T. (2006). Bats: Important reservoir hosts of emerging viruses. In Clinical Microbiology Reviews (Vol. 19, Issue 3). https://doi.org/10.1128/CMR.00017-06Chan, J. F. W., To, K. K. W., Tse, H., Jin, D. Y., & Yuen, K. Y. (2013). Interspecies transmission and emergence of novel viruses: Lessons from bats and birds. In Trends in Microbiology (Vol. 21, Issue 10). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tim.2013.05.005Chang, A., & Dutch, R. E. (2012). Paramyxovirus fusion and entry: Multiple Paths to a common end. In Viruses (Vol. 4, Issue 4). https://doi.org/10.3390/v4040613Cox, R., & Plemper, R. K. (2015). The paramyxovirus polymerase complex as a target for next-generation anti-paramyxovirus therapeutics. In Frontiers in Microbiology (Vol. 6, Issue MAY). https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2015.00459Darcissac, E., Donato, D., de Thoisy, B., Lacoste, V., & Lavergne, A. (2021). Paramyxovirus circulation in bat species from French Guiana. Infection, Genetics and Evolution, 90. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.meegid.2021.104769de Souza, W. M., Fumagalli, M. J., Carrera, J. P., de Araujo, J., Cardoso, J. F., de Carvalho, C., Durigon, E. L., Queiroz, L. H., Faria, N. R., Murcia, P. R., & Figueiredo, L. T. M. (2021). Paramyxoviruses from neotropical bats suggest a novel genus and nephrotropism. Infection, Genetics and Evolution, 95, 105041. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.MEEGID.2021.105041Dutheil, F., Clinchamps, M., & Bouillon-Minois, J. B. (2021). Bats, pathogens, and species richness. Pathogens, 10(2). https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10020098Esquivel, D. A., Aya-Cuero, C. A., Peña, S., Velásquez-Guarín, D., & Ramírez-Chaves, H. E. (2020). Bats (Chiroptera) in the department of Tolima, Colombia: diversity in a humid tropical forest and updated species list for Department. Boletin Cientifico Del Centro de Museos, 24(2). https://doi.org/10.17151/bccm.2020.24.2.6Glinski, Z., & Ciolek, J. (2020). Bats as reservoir and vector of viruses pathogenic for humans and animals. Zycie Weterynaryjne, 95(1).Gorbunova, V., Seluanov, A., & Kennedy, B. K. (2020). The World Goes Bats: Living Longer and Tolerating Viruses. In Cell Metabolism (Vol. 32, Issue 1). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmet.2020.06.013Gupta, P., Singh, M. P., Goyal, K., Tripti, P., Ansari, M. I., Obli Rajendran, V., Dhama, K., & Malik, Y. S. (2021). Bats and viruses: a death-defying friendship. In VirusDisease (Vol. 32, Issue 3). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13337-021-00716-0Hernández, E. Y. M., & López, Z. I. V. (2019). La otra cara de los murciélagos. Revista Mesoamericana de Biodiversidad y Cambio Climático, 3(6), 46-49.Han, H. J., Wen, H. ling, Zhou, C. M., Chen, F. F., Luo, L. M., Liu, J. wei, & Yu, X. J. (2015). Bats as reservoirs of severe emerging infectious diseases. In Virus Research (Vol. 205). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.virusres.2015.05.006Karen, S. H., Gabriela, S. M., Bruno, M. G., Maria, S., Lenin, M. H., & Daniel, G. B. (2016). Prevalence of paramyxoviruses in bats in six areas of madre de dios and puno, Peru with two levels of anthropogenic disturbance. Revista de Investigaciones Veterinarias Del Peru, 27(2). https://doi.org/10.15381/rivep.v27i2.11640Kłys, G., Ziembik, Z., & Makuchowska-Fryc, J. (2024). Bat Hibernation: In Groups or Individually? Applied Sciences (Switzerland), 14(5). https://doi.org/10.3390/app14052125Kummer, S., & Kranz, D. C. (2022). Henipaviruses—A constant threat to livestock and humans. In PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases (Vol. 16, Issue 2). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0010157Kuzmin, I. V., Bozick, B., Guagliardo, S. A., Kunkel, R., Shak, J. R., Tong, S., & Rupprecht, C. E. (2011). Bats, emerging infectious diseases, and the rabies paradigm revisited. In Emerging Health Threats Journal (Vol. 4, Issue 1). https://doi.org/10.3402/ehtj.v4i0.7159Lawson, E. T., Ayivor, J. S., Ohemeng, F., & Ntiamoa-Baidu, Y. (2019). Avoiding bites and scratches? Understanding the public health implication of human–bat interactions in Ghana. Zoonoses and Public Health, 66(1). https://doi.org/10.1111/zph.12540Letko, M., Seifert, S. N., Olival, K. J., Plowright, R. K., & Munster, V. J. (2020). Bat-borne virus diversity, spillover and emergence. In Nature Reviews Microbiology (Vol. 18, Issue 8, pp. 461–471). Nature Research. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41579-020-0394-zMacLachlan, N. J., & Dubovi, E. J. (2017). Paramyxoviridae and Pneumoviridae. Fenner’s Veterinary Virology, 327–356. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-800946-8.00017-9Malta, L. (2017). Detección molecular de rhabdovirus y pneumovirus en murciélagos del Uruguay.Mendenhall, C. D., Karp, D. S., Meyer, C. F. J., Hadly, E. A., & Daily, G. C. (2014). Predicting biodiversity change and averting collapse in agricultural landscapes. Nature, 509(7499). https://doi.org/10.1038/nature13139Moratelli, R., & Calisher, C. H. (2015). Bats and zoonotic viruses: Can we confidently link bats with emerging deadly viruses? Memorias Do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, 110(1). https://doi.org/10.1590/0074-02760150048Murillo-García, O. E., & Bedoya-Durán, M. J. (2014). Distribución y abundancia de murciélagos en bosques con diferente grado de intervención en el Parque Nacional Natural Gorgona (Colombia). Revista de Biología Tropical, 62. https://doi.org/10.15517/rbt.v62i0.16367Nojiri, T., Wilson, L. A. B., López-Aguirre, C., Tu, V. T., Kuratani, S., Ito, K., Higashiyama, H., Son, N. T., Fukui, D., Sadier, A., Sears, K. E., Endo, H., Kamihori, S., & Koyabu, D. (2021). Embryonic evidence uncovers convergent origins of laryngeal echolocation in bats. Current Biology, 31(7). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2020.12.043Peel, A. J., Wells, K., Giles, J., Boyd, V., Burroughs, A., Edson, D., Crameri, G., Baker, M. L., Field, H., Wang, L. F., McCallum, H., Plowright, R. K., & Clark, N. (2019). Synchronous shedding of multiple bat paramyxoviruses coincides with peak periods of Hendra virus spillover. Emerging Microbes and Infections, 8(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/22221751.2019.1661217Quarleri, J., Galvan, V., & Delpino, M. V. (2022). Henipaviruses: an expanding global public health concern? GeroScience, 44(5). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11357-022-00670-9Ramírez-Fráncel, L. A., García-Herrera, L. V., Losada-Prado, S., Reinoso-Flórez, G., Sánchez-Hernández, A., Estrada-Villegas, S., Lim, B. K., & Guevara, G. (2022). Bats and their vital ecosystem services: a global review. In Integrative Zoology (Vol. 17, Issue 1, pp. 2–23). John Wiley and Sons Inc. https://doi.org/10.1111/1749-4877.12552Rima, B., Balkema-Buschmann, A., Dundon, W. G., Duprex, P., Easton, A., Fouchier, R., Kurath, G., Lamb, R., Lee, B., Rota, P., & Wang, L. (2019). ICTV Virus Taxonomy Profile: Paramyxoviridae. Journal of General Virology, 100(12). https://doi.org/10.1099/jgv.0.001328Rizzo, F., Edenborough, K. M., Toffoli, R., Culasso, P., Zoppi, S., Dondo, A., Robetto, S., Rosati, S., Lander, A., Kurth, A., Orusa, R., Bertolotti, L., & Mandola, M. L. (2017). Coronavirus and paramyxovirus in bats from Northwest Italy. BMC Veterinary Research, 13(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-017-1307-xRocha, R., Ovaskainen, O., López-Baucells, A., Farneda, F. Z., Sampaio, E. M., Bobrowiec, P. E. D., Cabeza, M., Palmeirim, J. M., & Meyer, C. F. J. (2018). Secondary forest regeneration benefits old-growth specialist bats in a fragmented tropical landscape. Scientific Reports, 8(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-21999-2Sasaki, M., Setiyono, A., Handharyani, E., Rahmadani, I., Taha, S., Adiani, S., Subangkit, M., Sawa, H., Nakamura, I., & Kimura, T. (2012). Molecular detection of a novel paramyxovirus in fruit bats from Indonesia. Virology Journal, 9. https://doi.org/10.1186/1743-422X-9-240Subudhi, S., Rapin, N., & Misra, V. (2019). Immune system modulation and viral persistence in bats: Understanding viral spillover. In Viruses (Vol. 11, Issue 2). https://doi.org/10.3390/v11020192Tachack, E. B., Oviedo-Socarrás, T., Pastrana, M. O., Pérez-Cogollo, L. C., Benavides, Y. H., Pinto, C. R., & Garay, O. V. (2022). Status of gastrointestinal nematode infections and associated epidemiological factors in sheep from Córdoba, Colombia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, 54(3). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11250-022-03170-2Tizzano, M. A. CAPÍTULO 5 Paramixovirus. Patogenicidad microbiana en Medicina Veterinaria, 61.Tong, S., Chern, S. W. W., Li, Y., Pallansch, M. A., & Anderson, L. J. (2008). Sensitive and broadly reactive reverse transcription-PCR assays to detect novel paramyxoviruses. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 46(8). https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.00192-08Wang, L. F., & Anderson, D. E. (2019). Viruses in bats and potential spillover to animals and humans. In Current Opinion in Virology (Vol. 34). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coviro.2018.12.007Weatherman, S., Feldmann, H., & de Wit, E. (2018). Transmission of henipaviruses. In Current Opinion in Virology (Vol. 28). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coviro.2017.09.004Wells, H. (2016). Whole-Genome Sequencing And Phylogenetic Analysis Of Novel Paramyxoviruses Discovered In Bats From Brazil. Public Health Theses. https://elischolar.library.yale.edu/ysphtdl/1318Wild, T. F. (2009). Henipaviruses: A new family of emerging Paramyxoviruses. In Pathologie Biologie (Vol. 57, Issue 2). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.patbio.2008.04.006RT-PCRZoonosisFauna silvestreVigilancia epidemiológicaVirus emergentesRT-PCRZoonosisWildlifeEpidemiological SurveillanceEmerging virusesPublicationLICENSElicense.txtlicense.txttext/plain; charset=utf-815543https://dspace8-unicordoba.metabuscador.org/bitstreams/8c61d697-271c-47d7-88cd-f6feb8304afe/download73a5432e0b76442b22b026844140d683MD51falseAnonymousREADORIGINALGómezNavarroNayerlys.pdfGómezNavarroNayerlys.pdfapplication/pdf1937334https://dspace8-unicordoba.metabuscador.org/bitstreams/51e5c271-f96b-4071-adf5-d2cd21c0505b/download21cc6e5f092bc51add851b112f958cafMD53trueAnonymousREADFormato de autorización.pdfapplication/pdf649490https://dspace8-unicordoba.metabuscador.org/bitstreams/d53b9eb7-9a0d-4ffb-a2a1-4ee449335fcb/download20f244c50683ef6e17b2c3c1c0868414MD54falseTEXTGómezNavarroNayerlys.pdf.txtGómezNavarroNayerlys.pdf.txtExtracted texttext/plain78223https://dspace8-unicordoba.metabuscador.org/bitstreams/13da0a7e-869a-4264-9f69-da2573595a46/downloada11ea82b7678cde08587c879c4fe3018MD55falseAnonymousREADFormato de autorización.pdf.txtFormato de autorización.pdf.txtExtracted texttext/plain4492https://dspace8-unicordoba.metabuscador.org/bitstreams/ccf33bae-ba13-4a1a-98b0-4e204d2ecaa4/download906232d409babc59c2a030a9fdc3a6baMD57falseTHUMBNAILGómezNavarroNayerlys.pdf.jpgGómezNavarroNayerlys.pdf.jpgGenerated Thumbnailimage/jpeg5652https://dspace8-unicordoba.metabuscador.org/bitstreams/80395f22-488f-4bbc-958c-277d351c140a/downloadc4bb59758dc00a036030a85d67d9564cMD56falseAnonymousREADFormato de autorización.pdf.jpgFormato de autorización.pdf.jpgGenerated Thumbnailimage/jpeg14134https://dspace8-unicordoba.metabuscador.org/bitstreams/172193bb-a83c-4154-8ec1-12ecd62f2e68/download53cf25f29fa5ede705f04c92e24f3b8dMD58falseucordoba/9544oai:dspace8-unicordoba.metabuscador.org:ucordoba/95442025-09-04 03:01:15.788https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/Copyright Universidad de Córdoba, 2025open.accesshttps://dspace8-unicordoba.metabuscador.orgRepositorio institucional Universidad de Córdobabdigital@metabiblioteca.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