Experiencias Tempranas Adversas y Polimorfismo 5-HTTLPR Relacionados con Susceptibilidad a Trastornos Externalizantes y Delincuencia en Adolescentes de la Ciudad de Medellín : El Papel de los Sistemas BIS Y BAS Como Mediadores y Moderadores

Introducción: Existe evidencia suficiente para sugerir que los sistemas de Inhibición (BIS) y de Activación (BAS) actúan como factores transdiagnósticos influyendo en la vulnerabilidad a desarrollar Trastornos Externalizantes (TE) y Delincuencia Juvenil (DJ). Paralelamente, la literatura señala que...

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Autores:
Alejo Castillo, Edgar Gerardo
Tipo de recurso:
Doctoral thesis
Fecha de publicación:
2025
Institución:
Universidad de San Buenaventura
Repositorio:
Repositorio USB
Idioma:
spa
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oai:bibliotecadigital.usb.edu.co:10819/24681
Acceso en línea:
https://hdl.handle.net/10819/24681
Palabra clave:
150 - Psicología::152 - Percepción sensorial, movimiento, emociones, impulsos fisiológicos
Adolescencia
Aprendizaje
Criminalidad
Experiencias Adversas Tempranas
Delincuencia Juvenil
Sistema BIS
Sistema BAS
Control Inhibitorio
5-HTTLPR
Trastornos Externalizantes
Early Adverse Experiences
Juvenile Delinquency
BIS system
BAS system
Inhibitory Control
Externalizing Disorders
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id SANBUENAV2_efdc5fedf94c185de959b6b2c118a642
oai_identifier_str oai:bibliotecadigital.usb.edu.co:10819/24681
network_acronym_str SANBUENAV2
network_name_str Repositorio USB
repository_id_str
dc.title.spa.fl_str_mv Experiencias Tempranas Adversas y Polimorfismo 5-HTTLPR Relacionados con Susceptibilidad a Trastornos Externalizantes y Delincuencia en Adolescentes de la Ciudad de Medellín : El Papel de los Sistemas BIS Y BAS Como Mediadores y Moderadores
title Experiencias Tempranas Adversas y Polimorfismo 5-HTTLPR Relacionados con Susceptibilidad a Trastornos Externalizantes y Delincuencia en Adolescentes de la Ciudad de Medellín : El Papel de los Sistemas BIS Y BAS Como Mediadores y Moderadores
spellingShingle Experiencias Tempranas Adversas y Polimorfismo 5-HTTLPR Relacionados con Susceptibilidad a Trastornos Externalizantes y Delincuencia en Adolescentes de la Ciudad de Medellín : El Papel de los Sistemas BIS Y BAS Como Mediadores y Moderadores
150 - Psicología::152 - Percepción sensorial, movimiento, emociones, impulsos fisiológicos
Adolescencia
Aprendizaje
Criminalidad
Experiencias Adversas Tempranas
Delincuencia Juvenil
Sistema BIS
Sistema BAS
Control Inhibitorio
5-HTTLPR
Trastornos Externalizantes
Early Adverse Experiences
Juvenile Delinquency
BIS system
BAS system
Inhibitory Control
Externalizing Disorders
title_short Experiencias Tempranas Adversas y Polimorfismo 5-HTTLPR Relacionados con Susceptibilidad a Trastornos Externalizantes y Delincuencia en Adolescentes de la Ciudad de Medellín : El Papel de los Sistemas BIS Y BAS Como Mediadores y Moderadores
title_full Experiencias Tempranas Adversas y Polimorfismo 5-HTTLPR Relacionados con Susceptibilidad a Trastornos Externalizantes y Delincuencia en Adolescentes de la Ciudad de Medellín : El Papel de los Sistemas BIS Y BAS Como Mediadores y Moderadores
title_fullStr Experiencias Tempranas Adversas y Polimorfismo 5-HTTLPR Relacionados con Susceptibilidad a Trastornos Externalizantes y Delincuencia en Adolescentes de la Ciudad de Medellín : El Papel de los Sistemas BIS Y BAS Como Mediadores y Moderadores
title_full_unstemmed Experiencias Tempranas Adversas y Polimorfismo 5-HTTLPR Relacionados con Susceptibilidad a Trastornos Externalizantes y Delincuencia en Adolescentes de la Ciudad de Medellín : El Papel de los Sistemas BIS Y BAS Como Mediadores y Moderadores
title_sort Experiencias Tempranas Adversas y Polimorfismo 5-HTTLPR Relacionados con Susceptibilidad a Trastornos Externalizantes y Delincuencia en Adolescentes de la Ciudad de Medellín : El Papel de los Sistemas BIS Y BAS Como Mediadores y Moderadores
dc.creator.fl_str_mv Alejo Castillo, Edgar Gerardo
dc.contributor.advisor.none.fl_str_mv Cuartas Arias, Jorge Mauricio
dc.contributor.author.none.fl_str_mv Alejo Castillo, Edgar Gerardo
dc.contributor.researchgroup.none.fl_str_mv Grupo de Investigación Psicología y Neurociencias (Medellín)
dc.subject.ddc.none.fl_str_mv 150 - Psicología::152 - Percepción sensorial, movimiento, emociones, impulsos fisiológicos
topic 150 - Psicología::152 - Percepción sensorial, movimiento, emociones, impulsos fisiológicos
Adolescencia
Aprendizaje
Criminalidad
Experiencias Adversas Tempranas
Delincuencia Juvenil
Sistema BIS
Sistema BAS
Control Inhibitorio
5-HTTLPR
Trastornos Externalizantes
Early Adverse Experiences
Juvenile Delinquency
BIS system
BAS system
Inhibitory Control
Externalizing Disorders
dc.subject.other.none.fl_str_mv Adolescencia
Aprendizaje
Criminalidad
dc.subject.proposal.spa.fl_str_mv Experiencias Adversas Tempranas
Delincuencia Juvenil
Sistema BIS
Sistema BAS
Control Inhibitorio
5-HTTLPR
Trastornos Externalizantes
dc.subject.proposal.eng.fl_str_mv Early Adverse Experiences
Juvenile Delinquency
BIS system
BAS system
Inhibitory Control
Externalizing Disorders
description Introducción: Existe evidencia suficiente para sugerir que los sistemas de Inhibición (BIS) y de Activación (BAS) actúan como factores transdiagnósticos influyendo en la vulnerabilidad a desarrollar Trastornos Externalizantes (TE) y Delincuencia Juvenil (DJ). Paralelamente, la literatura señala que las Experiencias Tempranas Adversas (ETI) explican en un alto porcentaje el desarrollo de TE y DJ, lo cual motiva la hipótesis de que BIS y BAS podrían mediar entre determinantes genéticos y TE y a la vez moderar la relación entre ETI y la aparición de TE y DJ. Adicionalmente, se considera que el polimorfismo 5-HTTLPR en el gen SLC6A4, podría modificar la susceptibilidad individual vía BIS y BAS al desarrollo de estos Trastornos. Objetivo: Identificar el rol mediador y moderador de BIS y BAS entre las ETI, el polimorfismo 5-HTTLPR y el desarrollo de TE y DJ, evaluando la contribución de diferentes genotipos y subtipos alélicos (con enfoque trialélico) en la expresión de fenómenos conductuales y la posible interacción con factores ambientales. Método: Se diseñó un estudio transversal comparativo con 278 adolescentes varones, entre 14 y 17 años, de los cuales 125 eran infractores juveniles y 153 estudiantes de escuelas públicas. Se empleó el ETISR-SF para valorar ETI; el YSR-ASEBA para identificar TE; el MINI módulo M para uso problemático de drogas (UPD) y el historial criminal para estimar DJ. Se midieron BIS y BAS con el SPSRQ (Sensibilidad a la Recompensa/Punición) y el JTCI (Temperamento), mientras que el polimorfismo 5-HTTLPR se determinó mediante electroforesis de agarosa en ADN obtenido por hisopado bucal. Se analizaron asociaciones y efectos de mediación/moderación, considerando tanto la clasificación trialélica (S’S’, S’L’, L’L’) como los genotipos (p. ej., LASA, LALG, SASA). Resultados y Discusión : Las ETI correlacionaron significativamente con TE (RSp=0.54; p<0.001), UPD (RSp=0.42; p<0.001) y DJ (RSp=0.50; p<0.001). Además, presentaron efectos directos sobre TE, UPD y DJ. En relación con BIS y BAS, se encontró una asociación moderada a fuerte de Sensibilidad al Refuerzo/Impulsividad (SRI) con TE (RSp=0.64; p<0.001), UPD (RSp=0.54; p<0.001) y DJ (RSp=0.52; p<0.001), y un efecto mediador de SRI en la relación entre ETI y TE, y también con UPD y TE. Búsqueda de Novedad (BN) influyó directamente en TE y UPD, pero su efecto sobre DJ fue principalmente mediado por UPD. El Discontrol Inhibitorio (DIn) tuvo efectos directos sobre TE, UPD y DJ, así como efectos mediadores entre ETI y DJ. Respecto al polimorfismo 5-HTTLPR, los portadores del alelo L’S’ mostraron mayor DJ al compararlos con S’S’ y L’L’, actuando así como factor de riesgo, mientras que SASA y LALA se asociaron con niveles más bajos de DJ. Asimismo, se evidenció un efecto de moderación de ETI sobre la relación entre 5-HTTLPR y DJ, destacando mayor influencia de LGSA ante niveles elevados de adversidad. Se observaron, además, niveles significativamente mayores de BN en portadores L’S’ frente a L’L’ y de LASA comparados con LALA, ETI moderó en la relación de LALG con BN y BN moderó la relación entre 5-HTTLPR y DJ, modificando el efecto de LALG, LASA y SASA, mostrando mayores niveles de DJ comparados con LALA. Por último, el aumento de SC se relacionó con menores niveles de DJ en L’S’, sugiriendo un papel protector cuando la sensibilidad al castigo es alta. Conclusiones: Los hallazgos confirman la relevancia de BIS y BAS como mediadores y moderadores en la relación entre ETI, 5-HTTLPR y las conductas externalizantes, evidenciando la necesidad de considerar los efectos del alelo LG comparado con el alelo S de 5-HTTLPR en relación con los fenotipos estudiados.
publishDate 2025
dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv 2025-05-13T17:58:24Z
dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv 2025-05-13T17:58:24Z
dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv 2025
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv Trabajo de grado - Doctorado
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dc.publisher.branch.none.fl_str_mv Medellín
dc.publisher.faculty.none.fl_str_mv Facultad de Psicología
dc.publisher.place.none.fl_str_mv Medellín
dc.publisher.program.none.fl_str_mv Doctorado en Psicología
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spelling Cuartas Arias, Jorge MauricioAlejo Castillo, Edgar GerardoGrupo de Investigación Psicología y Neurociencias (Medellín)2025-05-13T17:58:24Z2025-05-13T17:58:24Z2025Introducción: Existe evidencia suficiente para sugerir que los sistemas de Inhibición (BIS) y de Activación (BAS) actúan como factores transdiagnósticos influyendo en la vulnerabilidad a desarrollar Trastornos Externalizantes (TE) y Delincuencia Juvenil (DJ). Paralelamente, la literatura señala que las Experiencias Tempranas Adversas (ETI) explican en un alto porcentaje el desarrollo de TE y DJ, lo cual motiva la hipótesis de que BIS y BAS podrían mediar entre determinantes genéticos y TE y a la vez moderar la relación entre ETI y la aparición de TE y DJ. Adicionalmente, se considera que el polimorfismo 5-HTTLPR en el gen SLC6A4, podría modificar la susceptibilidad individual vía BIS y BAS al desarrollo de estos Trastornos. Objetivo: Identificar el rol mediador y moderador de BIS y BAS entre las ETI, el polimorfismo 5-HTTLPR y el desarrollo de TE y DJ, evaluando la contribución de diferentes genotipos y subtipos alélicos (con enfoque trialélico) en la expresión de fenómenos conductuales y la posible interacción con factores ambientales. Método: Se diseñó un estudio transversal comparativo con 278 adolescentes varones, entre 14 y 17 años, de los cuales 125 eran infractores juveniles y 153 estudiantes de escuelas públicas. Se empleó el ETISR-SF para valorar ETI; el YSR-ASEBA para identificar TE; el MINI módulo M para uso problemático de drogas (UPD) y el historial criminal para estimar DJ. Se midieron BIS y BAS con el SPSRQ (Sensibilidad a la Recompensa/Punición) y el JTCI (Temperamento), mientras que el polimorfismo 5-HTTLPR se determinó mediante electroforesis de agarosa en ADN obtenido por hisopado bucal. Se analizaron asociaciones y efectos de mediación/moderación, considerando tanto la clasificación trialélica (S’S’, S’L’, L’L’) como los genotipos (p. ej., LASA, LALG, SASA). Resultados y Discusión : Las ETI correlacionaron significativamente con TE (RSp=0.54; p<0.001), UPD (RSp=0.42; p<0.001) y DJ (RSp=0.50; p<0.001). Además, presentaron efectos directos sobre TE, UPD y DJ. En relación con BIS y BAS, se encontró una asociación moderada a fuerte de Sensibilidad al Refuerzo/Impulsividad (SRI) con TE (RSp=0.64; p<0.001), UPD (RSp=0.54; p<0.001) y DJ (RSp=0.52; p<0.001), y un efecto mediador de SRI en la relación entre ETI y TE, y también con UPD y TE. Búsqueda de Novedad (BN) influyó directamente en TE y UPD, pero su efecto sobre DJ fue principalmente mediado por UPD. El Discontrol Inhibitorio (DIn) tuvo efectos directos sobre TE, UPD y DJ, así como efectos mediadores entre ETI y DJ. Respecto al polimorfismo 5-HTTLPR, los portadores del alelo L’S’ mostraron mayor DJ al compararlos con S’S’ y L’L’, actuando así como factor de riesgo, mientras que SASA y LALA se asociaron con niveles más bajos de DJ. Asimismo, se evidenció un efecto de moderación de ETI sobre la relación entre 5-HTTLPR y DJ, destacando mayor influencia de LGSA ante niveles elevados de adversidad. Se observaron, además, niveles significativamente mayores de BN en portadores L’S’ frente a L’L’ y de LASA comparados con LALA, ETI moderó en la relación de LALG con BN y BN moderó la relación entre 5-HTTLPR y DJ, modificando el efecto de LALG, LASA y SASA, mostrando mayores niveles de DJ comparados con LALA. Por último, el aumento de SC se relacionó con menores niveles de DJ en L’S’, sugiriendo un papel protector cuando la sensibilidad al castigo es alta. Conclusiones: Los hallazgos confirman la relevancia de BIS y BAS como mediadores y moderadores en la relación entre ETI, 5-HTTLPR y las conductas externalizantes, evidenciando la necesidad de considerar los efectos del alelo LG comparado con el alelo S de 5-HTTLPR en relación con los fenotipos estudiados.Introduction: There is sufficient evidence to suggest that the Inhibition (BIS) and Activation (BAS) systems function as transdiagnostic factors that influencing the vulnerability to develop Externalizing Disorders (ED) and Juvenile Delinquency (JD). Concurrently, the literature indicates that Early Adverse Experiences (ETI) account for a high percentage the development of ED and JD, which leads to the hypothesis that BIS and BAS may mediate the relationship between genetic determinants and ED, while also moderating the relationship between ETI and the onset of ED. Additionally, it is considered that the 5-HTTLPR polymorphism in the SLC6A4 gene could modify individual susceptibility through BIS and BAS in the development of these behavioral disorders.. Objective: To identify the mediating and moderating role of BIS and BAS among ETI, the 5-HTTLPR polymorphism, and the development of ED and JD, assessing the contribution of different genotypes and allelic subtypes (using a triallelic approach) in the expression of behavioral phenomena and potential interactions with environmental factors. Method: A cross-sectional comparative study was conducted with 278 male adolescents between 14 and 17 years of age, of whom 125 were juvenile offenders and 153 were public school students. The ETISR-SF was used to evaluate ETI; the YSR-ASEBA was used to identify ED; the MINI module M to detect problematic drug use (PDU); and criminal records were reviewed to estimate JD. BIS and BAS were measured using the SPSRQ (Reward/Punishment Sensitivity) and the JTCI (Temperament), while the 5-HTTLPR polymorphism was determined through agarose gel electrophoresis of DNA obtained via buccal swab. Associations and mediation/moderation effects were analyzed, considering both the triallelic classification (S’S’, S’L’, L’L’) and specific genotypes (e.g., LASA, LALG, SASA). Results and Discussion: ETI was significantly correlated with ED (RSp=0.54; p<0.001), PDU (RSp=0.42; p<0.001), and JD (RSp=0.50; p<0.001), and also showed direct effects on ED, PDU, and JD. In relation to BIS and BAS, a moderate-to-strong association was found between Reinforcement/Impulsivity Sensitivity (RIS) and ED (RSp=0.64; p<0.001), PDU (RSp=0.54; p<0.001), and JD (RSp=0.52; p<0.001). RIS also played a mediating role in the relationship between ETI and ED, as well as between PDU and ED. Novelty Seeking (NS) had a direct influence on ED and PDU, but its effect on JD was mainly mediated by PDU. Inhibitory Dyscontrol (ID) had direct effects on ED, PDU, and JD, as well as mediating effects between EAE and JD. Regarding the 5-HTTLPR polymorphism, carriers of the L’S’ allele presented higher JD compared to S’S’ and L’L’, thus acting as a risk factor, whereas SASA and LALA were associated with lower levels of JD. Moreover, ETI was found to moderate the relationship between 5-HTTLPR and JD, particularly in LGSA carriers exposed to high levels of adversity. In addition, significantly higher levels of BN were observed in L'S' carriers compared to L'L' and the genotype LASA compared to LALA, ETI moderated the relationship between LALG with BN and BN moderated the relationship between 5-HTTLPR and DJ, modifying the effect of LALG, LASA and SASA, showing higher levels of DJ compared to LALA. Significantly higher NS levels were also observed in L’S’ carriers than in L’L’, with a moderating effect of ETI in LALG. Finally, increased Punishment Sensitivity (SC) was associated with lower JD in L’S’ carriers, indicating a protective role when sensitivity to punishment is high. Conclusions: The findings confirm the relevance of BIS and BAS as mediators and moderators in the relationship between ETI, 5-HTTLPR and ED, underscoring the need to consider the effects of the LG allele compared to the S allele of 5-HTTLPR in relation to the phenotypes studied.DoctoradoDoctor en PsicologíaSedes::Medellín423 páginasapplication/pdfhttps://hdl.handle.net/10819/24681spaMedellínFacultad de PsicologíaMedellínDoctorado en Psicologíainfo:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_14cbAttribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 Internationalhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/Cook, C., & Gurling, H. (1994). The D2 dopamine receptor gene and alcoholism: a genetic effect in the liability for alcoholism. 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Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 86(2), 103–126. https://doi.org/10.1037//0021-843X.86.2.103Biblioteca USB Medellín (San Benito): TG-7688t150 - Psicología::152 - Percepción sensorial, movimiento, emociones, impulsos fisiológicosAdolescenciaAprendizajeCriminalidadExperiencias Adversas TempranasDelincuencia JuvenilSistema BISSistema BASControl Inhibitorio5-HTTLPRTrastornos ExternalizantesEarly Adverse ExperiencesJuvenile DelinquencyBIS systemBAS systemInhibitory ControlExternalizing DisordersExperiencias Tempranas Adversas y Polimorfismo 5-HTTLPR Relacionados con Susceptibilidad a Trastornos Externalizantes y Delincuencia en Adolescentes de la Ciudad de Medellín : El Papel de los Sistemas BIS Y BAS Como Mediadores y ModeradoresTrabajo de grado - Doctoradohttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_db06Textinfo:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesishttp://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/TDinfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersionComunidad Científica y AcadémicaPublicationORIGINALAdversidad_Polimorfismo_5-HTTLPR_Alejo_2025.pdfAdversidad_Polimorfismo_5-HTTLPR_Alejo_2025.pdfapplication/pdf32978097https://bibliotecadigital.usb.edu.co/bitstreams/3dbd8d39-f4ac-4523-82a7-12aa6f6de3bc/download1de7b6b0ebc1a6eb894d63c8562d88e1MD51Formato_Autorizacion_Publicacion_EdgarAlejo_Repositorio_USBCol (1).pdfFormato_Autorizacion_Publicacion_EdgarAlejo_Repositorio_USBCol (1).pdfapplication/pdf1077838https://bibliotecadigital.usb.edu.co/bitstreams/ecfc9e91-6f23-4af0-a23b-12ec43a1ff8d/download63ec362b031650e0ec5dd01fb283878cMD52CC-LICENSElicense_rdflicense_rdfapplication/rdf+xml; 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