El papel de la personalidad en la capacidad de amar

Introducción. El objetivo principal de este estudio fue analizar el papel de los cinco grandes rasgos de personalidad (extraversión; agradabilidad; concienciación; neuroticismo; apertura a la experiencia) en la capacidad de amar. La capacidad de amar abarca la capacidad de entablar, dedicar y manten...

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Autores:
Fonte, Carla
Pires, Sara
Ferreira, Maria José
Tipo de recurso:
Article of journal
Fecha de publicación:
2025
Institución:
Universidad de San Buenaventura
Repositorio:
Repositorio USB
Idioma:
eng
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oai:bibliotecadigital.usb.edu.co:10819/28982
Acceso en línea:
https://hdl.handle.net/10819/28982
https://doi.org/10.21500/20112084.6843
Palabra clave:
Personality
Big Five Inventory
capacity to love
Ctl-Inventory
romantic relationships
Personalidad
inventario de los cinco grandes
capacidad de amar
ctl-inventario
relaciones romanticas
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openAccess
License
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
id SANBUENAV2_eeeae07a29bfe05ef588111ccde1e3c8
oai_identifier_str oai:bibliotecadigital.usb.edu.co:10819/28982
network_acronym_str SANBUENAV2
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repository_id_str
dc.title.spa.fl_str_mv El papel de la personalidad en la capacidad de amar
dc.title.translated.spa.fl_str_mv El papel de la personalidad en la capacidad de amar
title El papel de la personalidad en la capacidad de amar
spellingShingle El papel de la personalidad en la capacidad de amar
Personality
Big Five Inventory
capacity to love
Ctl-Inventory
romantic relationships
Personalidad
inventario de los cinco grandes
capacidad de amar
ctl-inventario
relaciones romanticas
title_short El papel de la personalidad en la capacidad de amar
title_full El papel de la personalidad en la capacidad de amar
title_fullStr El papel de la personalidad en la capacidad de amar
title_full_unstemmed El papel de la personalidad en la capacidad de amar
title_sort El papel de la personalidad en la capacidad de amar
dc.creator.fl_str_mv Fonte, Carla
Pires, Sara
Ferreira, Maria José
dc.contributor.author.eng.fl_str_mv Fonte, Carla
Pires, Sara
Ferreira, Maria José
dc.subject.eng.fl_str_mv Personality
Big Five Inventory
capacity to love
Ctl-Inventory
romantic relationships
topic Personality
Big Five Inventory
capacity to love
Ctl-Inventory
romantic relationships
Personalidad
inventario de los cinco grandes
capacidad de amar
ctl-inventario
relaciones romanticas
dc.subject.spa.fl_str_mv Personalidad
inventario de los cinco grandes
capacidad de amar
ctl-inventario
relaciones romanticas
description Introducción. El objetivo principal de este estudio fue analizar el papel de los cinco grandes rasgos de personalidad (extraversión; agradabilidad; concienciación; neuroticismo; apertura a la experiencia) en la capacidad de amar. La capacidad de amar abarca la capacidad de entablar, dedicar y mantener una relación romántica dedicada, que surge de intrincados procesos de desarrollo que comienzan en la infancia y evolucionan a lo largo de la vida. A pesar de parecer una característica disposicional, existe evidencia limitada de su conexión con los rasgos de personalidad.  Método. 839 participantes de entre 18 y 74 años. La recogida de datos se realizó mediante un cuestionario sociodemográfico, Big Five Inventory (BFI), e Capacity to Love Inventory (CTL-I).  Resultados: Se encontró una asociación positiva entre los rasgos de personalidad y las dimensiones del ctl. Cuatro de los rasgos de personalidad (amabilidad, apertura a la experiencia, extraversión y estabilidad emocional) parecen tener una modesta contribución en la predicción del ctl, siendo la amabilidad el predictor más fuerte y el más correlacionado. También se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en todas las variables sociodemográficas estudiadas. Conclusiones. Estos resultados sugieren una conexión entre la personalidad y la capacidad de amar, contribuyendo a una mejor comprensión de los propios sistemas de funcionamiento, así como de las dificultades de algunos individuos, siendo un recurso útil para promover la salud mental del individuo y sus relaciones.
publishDate 2025
dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv 2025-05-22T14:24:40Z
2025-08-22T16:59:27Z
dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv 2025-05-22T14:24:40Z
2025-08-22T16:59:27Z
dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv 2025-05-22
dc.type.spa.fl_str_mv Artículo de revista
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https://doi.org/10.21500/20112084.6843
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dc.relation.ispartofjournal.eng.fl_str_mv International Journal of Psychological Research
dc.relation.references.eng.fl_str_mv Ahmetoglu, G., Swami, V., & Chamorro-Premuzic, T. (2009). The Relationship Between Dimensions of Love, Personality, and Relationship Length. Archives of SexualBehavior, 39(5), 1181-1190. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-009-9515-5 Allport, G. W. (1961). Pattern and growth in personality. Apostolou, M., & Tsangari, S. (2022). Why people are single: The Big Five as predictors of involuntary singlehood. Personality and Individual Differences, 186, 111375. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2021.111375 Asselmann, E., & Specht, J. (2020). Taking the Ups and Downs at the Rollercoaster of Love: Associations Between Major Life Events in the Domain of Romantic Relationships and the Big Five Personality Traits. Developmental Psychology, 56(9), 1803-1816. https://doi.org/10.1037/dev0001047 Biesen, J. N., Roddy, M. K., & Doss, B. D. (2022). The role of five-factor model personality traits in a web-based relationship improvement program. Couple and Family Psychology: Research and Practice. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1037/cfp0000221 Bowlby, J. (1969). Attachment and Loss Attachment, Vol. 1. New York, NY: Basic Books. Bowlby, J. (1973). Attachment and Loss. Separation. Vol. 2. New York: Basic Books. Bowlby, J. (1980). Attachment and loss: Loss: Sadness and depression. Vol. 3 New York: Basic Books. Brito Costa, S., Bem-Haja, P., Moisao, A., Alberty, A., Vicente Castro, F., & De Almeida, H. (2015). Psychometric properties of Portuguese version of Big Five Inventory (Bfi). International Journal of Developmental and Educational Psychology. Revista INFAD de Psicología, 1(2), 83. https://doi.org/10.17060/ijodaep.2015.n2.v1.325 Busch, I., & Kapusta, N. D. (2017). Evaluation of capacity to love, depression, and anxiety in women according to their relationship status. European Psychiatry, 41(S1), s900-s900. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.1839. Chapman, B. P., Duberstein, P. R., Sörensen, S., & Lyness, J. M. (2007). Gender differences in five factor model personality traits in an elderly cohort. Personality and Individual Differences, 43(6), 1594-1603. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2007.04.028 Collins, A., and Sroufe, L. A. (1999). “Capacity for intimate relationships: a developmental construction,” in Development of Romantic Relationships in Adolescence, eds W. Furman, B. B. Brown, and C. Feiring (New York, NY: Cambridge University Press), 125–147. doi: 10.1017/CBO9781316182185.007 Costa, P., Terracciano, A., & McCrae, R. (2001). Gender differences in personality traits across cultures: Robust and surprising findings. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 81(2), 322-331. Cotter, K. A., & Kerschner, B. J. (2018). Personality and health: Impacts of romantic relationship characteristics. Personality and Individual Differences, 120, 40-46. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2017.08.023 Czerniawska, M., & Szydło, J. (2021). Do values relate to personality traits and if so, in what way? – Analysis of relationships. Psychology Research and Behavior Management, 14, 511-527. https://doi.org/10.2147/prbm.s299720 Donnellan, M., Conger, R. D., & Bryant, C. M. (2004). The Big Five and enduring marriages. Journal of Research in Personality, 38(5), 481-504. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.2004.01.001 Donnellan, M. B., & Lucas, R. E. (2008). Age differences in the Big Five across the life span: Evidence from two national samples. Psychology and Aging, 23(3), 558-566. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0012897 Erikson, E. H. (1963). Childhood and Society, 2nd Edn. New York, NY: Norton. Feeney, B. C., & Collins, N. L. (2015). Thriving through relationships. Current Opinion in Psychology, 1, 22-28. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copsyc.2014.11.001 Fernandes, M.I., Sousa, C., Conde, A.R. et al. Exploring the Relationship between Capacity to Love and Well-being: A Comparative Study of Emerging Adults and Middle-aged Adults. Sexuality & Culture (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12119-023-10184-x Fonte, C., Campos, C., A., Cabral, J., & Ferreira, M. J. (2022). Estudo preliminar de adaptação e validação para Portugal do Inventário de Capacidade para amar. Poster session presented at the 5º Congresso da Ordem dos Psicólogos Portuguese, Aveiro, Portugal. Fraley, R. C., & Roisman, G. I. (2015). Do early caregiving experiences leave an enduring or transient mark on developmental adaptation? Current Opinion in Psychology, 1, 101-106. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copsyc.2014.11.007 Gibson, K. A., Thompson, A. E., & O'Sullivan, L. F. (2016). Love thy neighbour: Personality traits, relationship quality, and attraction to others as predictors of infidelity among young adults. The Canadian Journal of Human Sexuality, 25(3), 186-198. https://doi.org/10.3138/cjhs.253-a2 Shaver, P., & Brennan, K. (1992). Attachment styles and the "Big Five" Personality traits: Their connections with each other and with romantic relationship outcomes. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 18(5), 536-545. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167292185003
Hazan, C., & Shaver, P. (1987). Romantic love conceptualized as an attachment process. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 52(3), 511-524. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.52.3.511 Holland, A. S., & Roisman, G. I. (2008). Big Five personality traits and relationship quality: Self-reported, observational, and physiological evidence. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 25(5), 811-829. https://doi.org/10.1177/0265407508096697 Jokela, M., Alvergne, A., Pollet, T. V., & Lummaa, V. (2011). Reproductive behavior and personality traits of the Five Factor Model. European Journal of Personality, 25, 487–500. https://doi. org/10.1002/per.822 Kapusta, N. D., Jankowski, K. S., Wolf, V., Chéron-Le Guludec, M., Lopatka, M., Hammerer, C., Schnieder, A., Kealy, D., Ogrodniczuk, J. S., & Blüml, V. (2018). Measuring the capacity to love: Development of the CTL-inventory. Frontiers in Psychology, 9. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01115 Kernberg, O. F. (1974). Mature Love: prerequisites and characteristics. J. Am. Psychoanal. Assoc. 22, 743–768. doi: 10.1177/000306517402200402 Kernberg, O. F. (1977). Boundaries and structure in love relations. J. Am. Psychoanal. Assoc. 25, 81–114. doi: 10.1177/000306517702500104 Kernberg, O. F. (2011). Limitations to the capacity to love. The International Journal of Psychoanalysis, 92(6), 1501-1515. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-8315.2011.00456.x Malouff, J. M., Thorsteinsson, E. B., Schutte, N. S., Bhullar, N., & Rooke, S. E. (2010). The five-factor model of personality and relationship satisfaction of intimate partners: A meta-analysis. Journal of Research in Personality, 44(1), 124-127. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.2009.09.004 McCrae, R., & Costa, P. (2008). The five-factor theory of personality. McCrae, R., & Costa, P. (1987). Validation of the five-factor model of personality across instruments and observers. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 52(1), 81-90. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.52.1.81 Noftle, E. E., & Shaver, P. R. (2006). Attachment dimensions and the Big Five personality traits: Associations and comparative ability to predict relationship quality. Journal of Research in Personality, 40(2), 179-208. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.2004.11.003 Roberts, B. W., Walton, K. E., & Viechtbauer, W. (2006). Patterns of mean-level change in personality traits across the life course: A meta-analysis of longitudinal studies. Psychological Bulletin, 132(1), 1-25. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.132.1.1 Robins, R. W., Caspi, A., & Moffitt, T. E. (2002). It's not just who you're with, it's who you are: Personality and relationship experiences across multiple relationships. Journal of Personality, 70(6), 925-964. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-6494.05028 Roccas, S., Sagiv, L., Schwartz, S. H., & Knafo, A. (2002). The Big Five personality factors and personal values. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 28(6), 789-801. Safdar A., & Dasti, R. (2015). Personality and Pathological Love Among Young Adults. Journal of the Indian Academy of Applied Psychology, 41(2), 206-216. Schwaba, T., Robins, R. W., Grijalva, E., & Bleidorn, W. (2019). Does openness to experience matter in love and work? Domain, facet, and developmental evidence from a 24‐year longitudinal study. Journal of Personality, 87(5), 1074-1092.. Shaver, P. R., & Brennan, K. A. (1992). Attachment styles and the "Big Five" Personality traits: Their connections with each other and with romantic relationship outcomes. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 18(5), 536-545. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167292185003 Soto, C. J., John, O. P., Gosling, S. D., & Potter, J. (2011). Age differences in personality traits from 10 to 65: Big Five domains and facets in a large cross-sectional sample. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 100(2), 330-348. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0021717 Sternberg, R. J. (1986). A triangular theory of love. Psychological Review, 93(2), 119-135. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295x.93.2.119 Suldo, S. M., R. Minch, D., & Hearon, B. V. (2014). Adolescent life satisfaction and personality characteristics: Investigating relationships using a five factor model. Journal of Happiness Studies, 16(4), 965-983. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-014-9544-1 Watson, D., Hubbard, B., & Wiese, D. (2000). General Traits of Personality and Affectivity as Predictors of Satisfaction in Intimate Relationships: Evidence from Self- and Partner-Ratings. Journal of Personality, 68(3), 413-449. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-6494.00102 Weisberg, Y. J., DeYoung, C. G., & Hirsh, J. B. (2011). Gender differences in personality across the ten aspects of the Big Five. Frontiers in Psychology, 2(178). https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2011.00178 White, J. K., Hendrick, S. S., & Hendrick, C. (2004). Big Five personality variables and relationship constructs. Personality and Individual Differences, 37(7), 1519-1530. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2004.02.019 Winterheld, H., & Simpson, J. (2018). Personality in Close Relationships. In A. Vangelisti & D. Perlman (Eds.), The Cambridge Handbook of Personal Relationships (Cambridge Handbooks in Psychology, pp. 163-174). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/9781316417867.014 Zayas, V., Mischel, W., Shoda, Y., & Aber, J. L. (2010). Roots of adult attachment. Social Psychological and Personality Science, 2(3), 289-297. https://doi.org/10.1177/1948550610389822
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spelling Fonte, CarlaPires, SaraFerreira, Maria José2025-05-22T14:24:40Z2025-08-22T16:59:27Z2025-05-22T14:24:40Z2025-08-22T16:59:27Z2025-05-22Introducción. El objetivo principal de este estudio fue analizar el papel de los cinco grandes rasgos de personalidad (extraversión; agradabilidad; concienciación; neuroticismo; apertura a la experiencia) en la capacidad de amar. La capacidad de amar abarca la capacidad de entablar, dedicar y mantener una relación romántica dedicada, que surge de intrincados procesos de desarrollo que comienzan en la infancia y evolucionan a lo largo de la vida. A pesar de parecer una característica disposicional, existe evidencia limitada de su conexión con los rasgos de personalidad.  Método. 839 participantes de entre 18 y 74 años. La recogida de datos se realizó mediante un cuestionario sociodemográfico, Big Five Inventory (BFI), e Capacity to Love Inventory (CTL-I).  Resultados: Se encontró una asociación positiva entre los rasgos de personalidad y las dimensiones del ctl. Cuatro de los rasgos de personalidad (amabilidad, apertura a la experiencia, extraversión y estabilidad emocional) parecen tener una modesta contribución en la predicción del ctl, siendo la amabilidad el predictor más fuerte y el más correlacionado. También se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en todas las variables sociodemográficas estudiadas. Conclusiones. Estos resultados sugieren una conexión entre la personalidad y la capacidad de amar, contribuyendo a una mejor comprensión de los propios sistemas de funcionamiento, así como de las dificultades de algunos individuos, siendo un recurso útil para promover la salud mental del individuo y sus relaciones.Introduction. The main objective of this study was to analyse the role of the five big personality traits (extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, neuroticism, openness to experience) in the capacity to love. The capacity to love encompasses the ability to engage, dedicate, and sustain a dedicated romantic relationship, stemming from intricate developmental processes starting in childhood and evolving throughout one's life. Despite seeming like a dispositional characteristic, there is limited evidence of its connection with personality traits. Method. Eight hundred thirty-nine participants aged 18 to 74. Data collection was carried out using a Sociodemographic Questionnaire, Big Five Inventory (BFI), and Capacity to Love Inventory (CTL-I). Results: A positive association was found between the personality traits and the CTL dimensions. Four personality traits (agreeableness, openness to experience, extraversion, and emotional stability) seem to have a modest contribution in predicting the CTL, with agreeableness being the strongest predictor and the most correlated. Statistically significant differences were also found in all the sociodemographic variables studied. Conclusions. These results suggest a connection between personality and the capacity to love, contributing to a better understanding of one's functioning systems and some individuals' difficulties, being a valuable resource for promoting an individual's mental health and relationships.application/pdf10.21500/20112084.68432011-79222011-2084https://hdl.handle.net/10819/28982https://doi.org/10.21500/20112084.6843engUniversidad San Buenaventura - USB (Colombia)https://revistas.usb.edu.co/index.php/IJPR/article/download/6843/56718116918International Journal of Psychological ResearchAhmetoglu, G., Swami, V., & Chamorro-Premuzic, T. (2009). The Relationship Between Dimensions of Love, Personality, and Relationship Length. Archives of SexualBehavior, 39(5), 1181-1190. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-009-9515-5 Allport, G. W. (1961). Pattern and growth in personality. Apostolou, M., & Tsangari, S. (2022). Why people are single: The Big Five as predictors of involuntary singlehood. Personality and Individual Differences, 186, 111375. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2021.111375 Asselmann, E., & Specht, J. (2020). Taking the Ups and Downs at the Rollercoaster of Love: Associations Between Major Life Events in the Domain of Romantic Relationships and the Big Five Personality Traits. Developmental Psychology, 56(9), 1803-1816. https://doi.org/10.1037/dev0001047 Biesen, J. N., Roddy, M. K., & Doss, B. D. (2022). The role of five-factor model personality traits in a web-based relationship improvement program. Couple and Family Psychology: Research and Practice. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1037/cfp0000221 Bowlby, J. (1969). Attachment and Loss Attachment, Vol. 1. New York, NY: Basic Books. Bowlby, J. (1973). Attachment and Loss. Separation. Vol. 2. New York: Basic Books. Bowlby, J. (1980). Attachment and loss: Loss: Sadness and depression. Vol. 3 New York: Basic Books. Brito Costa, S., Bem-Haja, P., Moisao, A., Alberty, A., Vicente Castro, F., & De Almeida, H. (2015). Psychometric properties of Portuguese version of Big Five Inventory (Bfi). International Journal of Developmental and Educational Psychology. Revista INFAD de Psicología, 1(2), 83. https://doi.org/10.17060/ijodaep.2015.n2.v1.325 Busch, I., & Kapusta, N. D. (2017). Evaluation of capacity to love, depression, and anxiety in women according to their relationship status. European Psychiatry, 41(S1), s900-s900. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.1839. Chapman, B. P., Duberstein, P. R., Sörensen, S., & Lyness, J. M. (2007). Gender differences in five factor model personality traits in an elderly cohort. Personality and Individual Differences, 43(6), 1594-1603. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2007.04.028 Collins, A., and Sroufe, L. A. (1999). “Capacity for intimate relationships: a developmental construction,” in Development of Romantic Relationships in Adolescence, eds W. Furman, B. B. Brown, and C. Feiring (New York, NY: Cambridge University Press), 125–147. doi: 10.1017/CBO9781316182185.007 Costa, P., Terracciano, A., & McCrae, R. (2001). Gender differences in personality traits across cultures: Robust and surprising findings. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 81(2), 322-331. Cotter, K. A., & Kerschner, B. J. (2018). Personality and health: Impacts of romantic relationship characteristics. Personality and Individual Differences, 120, 40-46. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2017.08.023 Czerniawska, M., & Szydło, J. (2021). Do values relate to personality traits and if so, in what way? – Analysis of relationships. Psychology Research and Behavior Management, 14, 511-527. https://doi.org/10.2147/prbm.s299720 Donnellan, M., Conger, R. D., & Bryant, C. M. (2004). The Big Five and enduring marriages. Journal of Research in Personality, 38(5), 481-504. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.2004.01.001 Donnellan, M. B., & Lucas, R. E. (2008). Age differences in the Big Five across the life span: Evidence from two national samples. Psychology and Aging, 23(3), 558-566. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0012897 Erikson, E. H. (1963). Childhood and Society, 2nd Edn. New York, NY: Norton. Feeney, B. C., & Collins, N. L. (2015). Thriving through relationships. Current Opinion in Psychology, 1, 22-28. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copsyc.2014.11.001 Fernandes, M.I., Sousa, C., Conde, A.R. et al. Exploring the Relationship between Capacity to Love and Well-being: A Comparative Study of Emerging Adults and Middle-aged Adults. Sexuality & Culture (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12119-023-10184-x Fonte, C., Campos, C., A., Cabral, J., & Ferreira, M. J. (2022). Estudo preliminar de adaptação e validação para Portugal do Inventário de Capacidade para amar. Poster session presented at the 5º Congresso da Ordem dos Psicólogos Portuguese, Aveiro, Portugal. Fraley, R. C., & Roisman, G. I. (2015). Do early caregiving experiences leave an enduring or transient mark on developmental adaptation? Current Opinion in Psychology, 1, 101-106. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copsyc.2014.11.007 Gibson, K. A., Thompson, A. E., & O'Sullivan, L. F. (2016). Love thy neighbour: Personality traits, relationship quality, and attraction to others as predictors of infidelity among young adults. The Canadian Journal of Human Sexuality, 25(3), 186-198. https://doi.org/10.3138/cjhs.253-a2 Shaver, P., & Brennan, K. (1992). 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Social Psychological and Personality Science, 2(3), 289-297. https://doi.org/10.1177/1948550610389822info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0https://revistas.usb.edu.co/index.php/IJPR/article/view/6843PersonalityBig Five Inventorycapacity to loveCtl-Inventoryromantic relationshipsPersonalidadinventario de los cinco grandescapacidad de amarctl-inventariorelaciones romanticasEl papel de la personalidad en la capacidad de amarEl papel de la personalidad en la capacidad de amarArtículo de revistahttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85Textinfo:eu-repo/semantics/articleJournal articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionPublicationOREORE.xmltext/xml2556https://bibliotecadigital.usb.edu.co/bitstreams/4d0547e3-3956-41d3-b074-b2a25a69bfe1/download17bdf6138b95e83f1c805eae127c367eMD5110819/28982oai:bibliotecadigital.usb.edu.co:10819/289822025-08-22 11:59:27.628http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0https://bibliotecadigital.usb.edu.coRepositorio Institucional Universidad de San Buenaventura Colombiabdigital@metabiblioteca.com