Expresión del receptor 5-Ht2a en la evaluación de riesgo de ratas wistar sometidas a estrés crónico

El presente estudio tiene como objetivo evaluar las diferencias en el papel de los mecanismos serotoninérgicos prosencefálicos mediados por estrés ambiental sobre la evaluación de riesgos en ratas Wistar. Para lograrlo, cuatro grupos de ratas fueron sometidos al protocolo de estrés crónico moderado...

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Autores:
Liévano Parra, Diego Javier
Tipo de recurso:
Fecha de publicación:
2015
Institución:
Universidad de San Buenaventura
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Repositorio USB
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spa
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oai:bibliotecadigital.usb.edu.co:10819/12040
Acceso en línea:
https://hdl.handle.net/10819/12040
Palabra clave:
150 - Psicología
Risk Assessment
Serotonin, 5-HT2A
Raphe nuclei
Stres
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dc.title.spa.fl_str_mv Expresión del receptor 5-Ht2a en la evaluación de riesgo de ratas wistar sometidas a estrés crónico
title Expresión del receptor 5-Ht2a en la evaluación de riesgo de ratas wistar sometidas a estrés crónico
spellingShingle Expresión del receptor 5-Ht2a en la evaluación de riesgo de ratas wistar sometidas a estrés crónico
150 - Psicología
Risk Assessment
Serotonin, 5-HT2A
Raphe nuclei
Stres
title_short Expresión del receptor 5-Ht2a en la evaluación de riesgo de ratas wistar sometidas a estrés crónico
title_full Expresión del receptor 5-Ht2a en la evaluación de riesgo de ratas wistar sometidas a estrés crónico
title_fullStr Expresión del receptor 5-Ht2a en la evaluación de riesgo de ratas wistar sometidas a estrés crónico
title_full_unstemmed Expresión del receptor 5-Ht2a en la evaluación de riesgo de ratas wistar sometidas a estrés crónico
title_sort Expresión del receptor 5-Ht2a en la evaluación de riesgo de ratas wistar sometidas a estrés crónico
dc.creator.fl_str_mv Liévano Parra, Diego Javier
dc.contributor.advisor.none.fl_str_mv Cárdenas Parra, Luis Fernando
dc.contributor.author.none.fl_str_mv Liévano Parra, Diego Javier
dc.subject.ddc.none.fl_str_mv 150 - Psicología
topic 150 - Psicología
Risk Assessment
Serotonin, 5-HT2A
Raphe nuclei
Stres
dc.subject.proposal.spa.fl_str_mv Risk Assessment
Serotonin, 5-HT2A
Raphe nuclei
Stres
description El presente estudio tiene como objetivo evaluar las diferencias en el papel de los mecanismos serotoninérgicos prosencefálicos mediados por estrés ambiental sobre la evaluación de riesgos en ratas Wistar. Para lograrlo, cuatro grupos de ratas fueron sometidos al protocolo de estrés crónico moderado (CUS), dos de ellos durante tres semanas y los otros dos durante cuatro semanas, para posteriormente analizar el comportamiento de evaluación de riesgos mediante el patrón exploratorio en el laberinto en cruz elevado un día y una semana después de finalizado el CUS para cada uno de los grupos. Se encontraron diferencias significativas en el incremento de los pesos de los grupos a lo largo de las tres y cuatro semanas de estrés crónico moderado (CUS) así como en la frecuencia de las respuestas de Stretch Attend Posture (SAP) en los grupos que pasaron por el test comportamental un día y una semana después de finalizado el CUS, las cuales correlacionaron sinificativamente con la expresión del receptor 5-HT2A en el hipocampo dorsal.
publishDate 2015
dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv 2015
dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv 2023-07-31T18:08:21Z
dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv 2023-07-31T18:08:21Z
dc.type.spa.fl_str_mv Trabajo de grado - Maestría
dc.type.content.spa.fl_str_mv Text
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dc.type.version.spa.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion
status_str acceptedVersion
dc.identifier.instname.spa.fl_str_mv instname:Universidad de San Buenaventura
dc.identifier.reponame.spa.fl_str_mv reponame:Repositorio Institucional Universidad de San Buenaventura
dc.identifier.repourl.spa.fl_str_mv repourl:https://bibliotecadigital.usb.edu.co/
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dc.relation.references.none.fl_str_mv Agnoli, L. y Mirjani, C. (2011). Dorso Estriatal 5-HT2A and 5-HT2C receptor control impulsivity and perverative responding in the 5-choice serial reaction time task. Psychopharmacology, 219, 633-645.
Biver, D. Swikler, F. Lotstra, P. Damhaut, S. Goldman. Mendlewicz, J. (1997). Serotonin 5-HT2 receptor imaging in major depression: Focal changes in orbitoinsular cortex. British Journal of Psychiatry, 171, 444-448.
Blasio, A. Narayan, A. Kaminski, B. Steardo, L. Sabino, V. Cottone, P. (2012). A modified adjusting delay task to assess impulsive choice between isocaloric reinforcers in non-deprived male rat sap: effect sap of 5-HT2A/C and 5-HT1A receptor agonisTSAP. Psychopharmacology, 219, 377-386.
Broos, N. Schmaal, L. Wiskerke, J. Kostelijk, L. Lam, T. Stoop, N. (2012). The relationship between impulsive choice and impulsive action: A cross spicies traslational study. PLoS One, 7, 367-381.
Brown, G. Ebert, M. Goyer, P. (1982). Aggression, suicide, and serotonin: Relationships to CSF amine metabolites. Am J Psychiatry, 139, 741-746.
Carboni, E y Vacca, C. (2003). Conditioned place eneditna in drugs of Abuse. Neurological Reviews and Protocols, 48, 481 – 498.
Colorado, R. Shumake, J. Conejo, N. Gonzalez, H. Gonzalez, F. (2006). Effectsap of maternal separation, early handling, and standard facility rearing on orienting and impulsive behavior of adolescent ratsap, Behavioural Processes, 71, 51-58.
Cruz, D. (2003). Efecto de la privación social y la ansiedad de ratas machos Wistar. Acta Colombiana de Psicología, 9, 39-49.
De Boer, S. Lesourd, M. Mocaer, E. Koolhass, J. (1999). Selective antiaggressive effectsap of alnespirone in resident-intruder test are mediated via 5- hydroxytryptamine 1A recetors: A comparative pharmacological study with 8- hydroxy-2-dipropylaminotetralin, ipsapirone, buspirone, eltoprazine and WAY- 100635. The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, 288, 3 1125-1133.
Escorihuela, R. (1998). Modelos animales en psicopatología y psicofarmacología: del análisis experimental de la conducta a la neurogenética. Revista Psicología conductal, 6, 165-191.
Gaskin, S. Gamliel, A. Tardif, M. Cole, E. Mumby, D. (2009). Incidental (unreinforced) and reinforced spatial learning in ratsap with ventral and dorsal lesions of the hippocampus. Behavioural Brain Research, 202, 64-70.
Gribel, G, R. Rodgers, J. Perrault, G. Sanger, D. (1997). Risk Assessment Behaviour: Evaluation of Utility in the Study of 5-HT-Related Drugs in the Rat Elevated Plus- Maze Test. Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior, 57(4), 4, 817–827.
Gómez, C. Saldívar, J. y Rodríguez, R. (2002). Modelos animales para el estudio de la ansiedad: Una aproximación crítica. Salud Mental, 15, 14-24.
Heyser, C. Chemero, A. (2012). Novel object exploration in mice: Not all objects are created equal. Behavioural Processes, 89, 232-238.
Holmes, A. Murphy, D. Crawley, J. (2002). Reduce aggression in mice lacking the serotonina transporter. Psychopharmacology, 161(2), 160-267.
Humble, F. y Berk, M. (2003). Pharmacological management of aggression and violence. Human Psychopharmacology-Clinical and Experimental, 18, 423-436.
Jöels, M. Baram, T. (2009). The neuro-symphonyof stress. Natural Review of Neuroscience, 10(6), 459-466.
Lupien, S. McEwen, B. Gunnar, M. Heim, C. (2009). Effects of stress throughout the lifespan on the brain, behaviour and cognition, Nature Reviews 10, 434-446.
Mamounas, L. Molliverr, M. (1991). Evidencial for dual serotoninergic projections to neocortex: Axons from the dorsal and median raphe nuclei are differentially vulnerable to the neurotoxin P-chloroamphetamine, Experimental Neurology 102, 23-36.
Meltzer, C. Price, J. Mathis, Ch. Greer, P. Cantwell, M. Houck, P. Mulsant, B. Ben- Eliezer, D. Lopresti, B. DeKosky, S. Reynolds, Ch. (1999). PET Imaging of Serotonin Type 2A Receptors in Late-Life Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Journal of Pychiatry 156, 1871-1878.
Meyer, J. Wilson, A. Rusjan, P. Clark, M. Houle, S. Woodside, S. Arrowood, J. Martin, K. Colleton, M. (2008). Serotonin 2A receptor binding potential in people with aggressive and violent behaviour, Journal of Psyquiatry and Neuroscience 33(6), 499-508.
Mikies, É. Barsy, B. Barsvári, B. Haller, J. (2005). Behavioral specificity of non- genomic glucocorticoid effecTSAP in rats: Effecs on risk assessment in the elevated plus-maze and the open-field, Hormones and Behavior, 48, 152-162.
Miranda, D. Conde, C. Celis, C. y Corzo, S. (209). Modelado del comportamiento de ratas en el laberinto en cruz elevado basado en redes neuronales artificiales. Revista Colombiana de Física, 41, 36-44.
Molander, A. Mar, A. Norbury, A. Steventon, S. Moreno, M. Caprioli, D. (2011). High impulsivity predicting vulnerability to cocaine addiction in rats: Some relationship with novelty preference but not novelty reactivity, anxiety or stress, Psychopharmacology, 215, 721-731.
Mucha, R. Herz, A. (1985). Motiational properties of kappa an mu opioid receptor agonists studied with place and taste preference conditioning, Psychopharmacology, 86, 80-274.
Reynolds, S. Berridge, K. (2002). Positive and negative motivation in nucleus accumbens shell: Bivalent rostrocaudal gradients for GABA-elicited eating, taste "liking"/"disliking" reactions, place preference/avoidance, and fear, Journal of Neuroscience, 22, 7308-7320.
Rodgers, R. Cole, J. (1993). Anxiety enhancement in the murine EPM by inmediate prior exposure to social stress, Physiology and Behavior, 53, 383-388.
Rodgers, R. Haller, J. Holmes, A. Halasz, J. Walton, T. Brain, P. (1999). Corticosterone response to the pluz-maze: High correlation with risk assessment in rats and mice, Psysiology and Behavior, 68, 47-53.
Salamone, J. cousins, M. y Bucher, S. (1994). Anhedonia or anergia? Effects of haloperidol and nucleus accumbens dopamine depletion on instrumental response selection in T-Maze cost/benefit procedure, Behavioural Brain Research, 65, 9- 221.
Silva, R. Brandão, M. (2000). Acute and Chronic Effects of Gepirone and Fluoxetine in Rats Tested in The Elevated Plus-Maze: An Ethological Analysis, Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior, 65(2), 209–216.
Steimer, T. (2011). Animal models of anxiety disorders in rats and mice: some conceptual issues, Dialogues in clinical Neuroscience. 13(4), 495-506
Todd, T. McManus, M. Baker, G. (1995). Chronic Administration of the antidepressants Phenelzine, Despiramine, Clomipramine, or Maprotiline decreases binding to 5- Hydroxytryptaminea A receptors without affecting Benzodiazepine binding sites in rat brain, Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology. 15, (3), 361-371.
Van Erp, A. Miczeck, K. (2000). Aggressive Behavior, increased accumbal dopamine, and decreased cortical serotonin in rats, Journal of Neuroscience, 20, 9320-9325.
Walton, M. Bannerman, D. Rushworth, M. (2002). The role of rat medial frontal cortex in effort-based decision making, Journal of Neuroscience, 22, 10996-11003.
Weisstaub, N. Zhou, M. Lira, A. Lambe, E. González, J. Hornung, J. Sibille, E. Underwood, M. Itohara, S. Dauer, W. Ansorge, M. Morelli E. Mann, J. Toth, M. Aghajanian, G. Sealfon, S. Hen, R. Gingrich, J. (2006). Cortical 5-HT2A Receptor Signaling Modulates Anxiety-Like Behaviors in Mice, Science, 313, 336-340.
Willner, P. Towell, A. Sampson, D. Sophokleous S. Muscat, R. (1987). Reduction of sucrose preference by chronic unpredictable mild stress, and its restoration by a tricyclic antidepressant. Psychopharmacology 93(3), 358–64.
Winstaley, C. (2011). Gambling rats: insight into impulsive and addictive behavior, Neuropsychopharmacology, 36, 359.
Young, S. Smolen, A. Corley, R. Krauter, K. DeFries, J. Corwley, T. (2002). Dopamine transporter polumorphism associated with externalizing behavior problems in children, American Journal of Medical Genetics, 114, 144-149.
Artigas, F. y Suñol, C. (2008). Neurotransmisión química en el sistema nerviso central: sinapsis acetilcolinérgicas, monoaminérgicas y serotoninérgicas. Barcelona: Instiud d investigacions biomediques de Barcelona (CSIC IDIBAPS).
Cardinalli, D. (2007). Neurociencia Aplicada. México: Editorial Médica Panamericana.
Cruz, D. García, S. Quant, D. Carrillo, A. (1997). Manual procedimiental quirúrgico de Cirugía Estereotáxica. Laboratorio de Neurociencias, Univerisdad Católica de Colombia.
Moya, L. (2012). Psicobiología de la Violencia. Madrid: Pirámide.
Müller, C. y Jacobs, B. (2010). Handbook of the Behavioral neurobiology of serotonin. Elsevier BV.
Paxinos, G. y Watsapon, C. (2012). The Rat Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates. (5 ed.) U.S.A. Elsevier Academic Press.
Purves, D. (2007). Neurociencia. (5ta Ed.). México: Editorial Médica Panamerica.
Sampieri, R. Fernandez, C. y Baptista, P. (2008). Metodología de la Investigación. (5ta Ed.). México: Mc Graw Hill.
Schatzberg, A. Nemeroff, C. (2006). Tratado de Psicofarmacología. Barcelona: Masson, S.A.
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spelling Cárdenas Parra, Luis Fernando1ebe87fa-0af9-4237-8531-9e95406d8e02-1Liévano Parra, Diego Javiera05801a2-b226-4e97-a0aa-a28743eacf07-12023-07-31T18:08:21Z2023-07-31T18:08:21Z2015El presente estudio tiene como objetivo evaluar las diferencias en el papel de los mecanismos serotoninérgicos prosencefálicos mediados por estrés ambiental sobre la evaluación de riesgos en ratas Wistar. Para lograrlo, cuatro grupos de ratas fueron sometidos al protocolo de estrés crónico moderado (CUS), dos de ellos durante tres semanas y los otros dos durante cuatro semanas, para posteriormente analizar el comportamiento de evaluación de riesgos mediante el patrón exploratorio en el laberinto en cruz elevado un día y una semana después de finalizado el CUS para cada uno de los grupos. Se encontraron diferencias significativas en el incremento de los pesos de los grupos a lo largo de las tres y cuatro semanas de estrés crónico moderado (CUS) así como en la frecuencia de las respuestas de Stretch Attend Posture (SAP) en los grupos que pasaron por el test comportamental un día y una semana después de finalizado el CUS, las cuales correlacionaron sinificativamente con la expresión del receptor 5-HT2A en el hipocampo dorsal.The present study aims to evaluate differences in the role of environmental stress-mediated forebrain serotonergic mechanisms on risk assessment in Wistar rats. To achieve this, four groups of rats were subjected to the moderate chronic stress (CUS) protocol, two of them for three weeks and the other two for four weeks, to later analyze the risk assessment behavior through the exploratory pattern in the maze in raised cross one day and one week after the end of the CUS for each of the groups. Significant differences were found in the increase in the weights of the groups throughout the three and four weeks of moderate chronic stress (CUS) as well as in the frequency of Stretch Attend Posture (SAP) responses in the groups that went through the behavioral test one day and one week after finishing the CUS, which significantly correlated with the expression of the 5-HT2A receptor in the dorsal hippocampus.MaestríaMagíster en Neuropsicología Clínica68 páginasapplication/pdfinstname:Universidad de San Buenaventurareponame:Repositorio Institucional Universidad de San Buenaventurarepourl:https://bibliotecadigital.usb.edu.co/https://hdl.handle.net/10819/12040spaUniversidad de San BuenaventuraBogotáFacultad de PsicologíaMaestría en Neuropsicología ClínicaAgnoli, L. y Mirjani, C. (2011). Dorso Estriatal 5-HT2A and 5-HT2C receptor control impulsivity and perverative responding in the 5-choice serial reaction time task. Psychopharmacology, 219, 633-645.Biver, D. Swikler, F. Lotstra, P. Damhaut, S. Goldman. Mendlewicz, J. (1997). Serotonin 5-HT2 receptor imaging in major depression: Focal changes in orbitoinsular cortex. British Journal of Psychiatry, 171, 444-448.Blasio, A. Narayan, A. Kaminski, B. Steardo, L. Sabino, V. Cottone, P. (2012). A modified adjusting delay task to assess impulsive choice between isocaloric reinforcers in non-deprived male rat sap: effect sap of 5-HT2A/C and 5-HT1A receptor agonisTSAP. Psychopharmacology, 219, 377-386.Broos, N. Schmaal, L. Wiskerke, J. Kostelijk, L. Lam, T. Stoop, N. (2012). The relationship between impulsive choice and impulsive action: A cross spicies traslational study. PLoS One, 7, 367-381.Brown, G. Ebert, M. Goyer, P. (1982). Aggression, suicide, and serotonin: Relationships to CSF amine metabolites. Am J Psychiatry, 139, 741-746.Carboni, E y Vacca, C. (2003). Conditioned place eneditna in drugs of Abuse. Neurological Reviews and Protocols, 48, 481 – 498.Colorado, R. Shumake, J. Conejo, N. Gonzalez, H. Gonzalez, F. (2006). Effectsap of maternal separation, early handling, and standard facility rearing on orienting and impulsive behavior of adolescent ratsap, Behavioural Processes, 71, 51-58.Cruz, D. (2003). Efecto de la privación social y la ansiedad de ratas machos Wistar. Acta Colombiana de Psicología, 9, 39-49.De Boer, S. Lesourd, M. Mocaer, E. Koolhass, J. (1999). Selective antiaggressive effectsap of alnespirone in resident-intruder test are mediated via 5- hydroxytryptamine 1A recetors: A comparative pharmacological study with 8- hydroxy-2-dipropylaminotetralin, ipsapirone, buspirone, eltoprazine and WAY- 100635. The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, 288, 3 1125-1133.Escorihuela, R. (1998). Modelos animales en psicopatología y psicofarmacología: del análisis experimental de la conducta a la neurogenética. Revista Psicología conductal, 6, 165-191.Gaskin, S. Gamliel, A. Tardif, M. Cole, E. Mumby, D. (2009). Incidental (unreinforced) and reinforced spatial learning in ratsap with ventral and dorsal lesions of the hippocampus. Behavioural Brain Research, 202, 64-70.Gribel, G, R. Rodgers, J. Perrault, G. Sanger, D. (1997). Risk Assessment Behaviour: Evaluation of Utility in the Study of 5-HT-Related Drugs in the Rat Elevated Plus- Maze Test. Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior, 57(4), 4, 817–827.Gómez, C. Saldívar, J. y Rodríguez, R. (2002). Modelos animales para el estudio de la ansiedad: Una aproximación crítica. Salud Mental, 15, 14-24.Heyser, C. Chemero, A. (2012). Novel object exploration in mice: Not all objects are created equal. Behavioural Processes, 89, 232-238.Holmes, A. Murphy, D. Crawley, J. (2002). Reduce aggression in mice lacking the serotonina transporter. Psychopharmacology, 161(2), 160-267.Humble, F. y Berk, M. (2003). Pharmacological management of aggression and violence. Human Psychopharmacology-Clinical and Experimental, 18, 423-436.Jöels, M. Baram, T. (2009). The neuro-symphonyof stress. Natural Review of Neuroscience, 10(6), 459-466.Lupien, S. McEwen, B. Gunnar, M. Heim, C. (2009). Effects of stress throughout the lifespan on the brain, behaviour and cognition, Nature Reviews 10, 434-446.Mamounas, L. Molliverr, M. (1991). Evidencial for dual serotoninergic projections to neocortex: Axons from the dorsal and median raphe nuclei are differentially vulnerable to the neurotoxin P-chloroamphetamine, Experimental Neurology 102, 23-36.Meltzer, C. Price, J. Mathis, Ch. Greer, P. Cantwell, M. Houck, P. Mulsant, B. Ben- Eliezer, D. Lopresti, B. DeKosky, S. Reynolds, Ch. (1999). PET Imaging of Serotonin Type 2A Receptors in Late-Life Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Journal of Pychiatry 156, 1871-1878.Meyer, J. Wilson, A. Rusjan, P. Clark, M. Houle, S. Woodside, S. Arrowood, J. Martin, K. Colleton, M. (2008). Serotonin 2A receptor binding potential in people with aggressive and violent behaviour, Journal of Psyquiatry and Neuroscience 33(6), 499-508.Mikies, É. Barsy, B. Barsvári, B. Haller, J. (2005). Behavioral specificity of non- genomic glucocorticoid effecTSAP in rats: Effecs on risk assessment in the elevated plus-maze and the open-field, Hormones and Behavior, 48, 152-162.Miranda, D. Conde, C. Celis, C. y Corzo, S. (209). Modelado del comportamiento de ratas en el laberinto en cruz elevado basado en redes neuronales artificiales. Revista Colombiana de Física, 41, 36-44.Molander, A. Mar, A. Norbury, A. Steventon, S. Moreno, M. Caprioli, D. (2011). High impulsivity predicting vulnerability to cocaine addiction in rats: Some relationship with novelty preference but not novelty reactivity, anxiety or stress, Psychopharmacology, 215, 721-731.Mucha, R. Herz, A. (1985). Motiational properties of kappa an mu opioid receptor agonists studied with place and taste preference conditioning, Psychopharmacology, 86, 80-274.Reynolds, S. Berridge, K. (2002). Positive and negative motivation in nucleus accumbens shell: Bivalent rostrocaudal gradients for GABA-elicited eating, taste "liking"/"disliking" reactions, place preference/avoidance, and fear, Journal of Neuroscience, 22, 7308-7320.Rodgers, R. Cole, J. (1993). Anxiety enhancement in the murine EPM by inmediate prior exposure to social stress, Physiology and Behavior, 53, 383-388.Rodgers, R. Haller, J. Holmes, A. Halasz, J. Walton, T. Brain, P. (1999). Corticosterone response to the pluz-maze: High correlation with risk assessment in rats and mice, Psysiology and Behavior, 68, 47-53.Salamone, J. cousins, M. y Bucher, S. (1994). Anhedonia or anergia? Effects of haloperidol and nucleus accumbens dopamine depletion on instrumental response selection in T-Maze cost/benefit procedure, Behavioural Brain Research, 65, 9- 221.Silva, R. Brandão, M. (2000). Acute and Chronic Effects of Gepirone and Fluoxetine in Rats Tested in The Elevated Plus-Maze: An Ethological Analysis, Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior, 65(2), 209–216.Steimer, T. (2011). Animal models of anxiety disorders in rats and mice: some conceptual issues, Dialogues in clinical Neuroscience. 13(4), 495-506Todd, T. McManus, M. Baker, G. (1995). Chronic Administration of the antidepressants Phenelzine, Despiramine, Clomipramine, or Maprotiline decreases binding to 5- Hydroxytryptaminea A receptors without affecting Benzodiazepine binding sites in rat brain, Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology. 15, (3), 361-371.Van Erp, A. Miczeck, K. (2000). 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Barcelona: Masson, S.A.info:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_14cbAttribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 Internationalhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/150 - PsicologíaRisk AssessmentSerotonin, 5-HT2ARaphe nucleiStresExpresión del receptor 5-Ht2a en la evaluación de riesgo de ratas wistar sometidas a estrés crónicoTrabajo de grado - MaestríaTextinfo:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesishttp://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/TMinfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersionComunidad Científica y AcadémicaPublicationORIGINALTesis_Diego Javier Lievano Parra.pdfTesis_Diego Javier Lievano Parra.pdfapplication/pdf785753https://bibliotecadigital.usb.edu.co/bitstreams/98547329-114b-497d-8ff8-055cad57ee4a/download5f5b98b0a647caf49d25886d089e4752MD51CC-LICENSElicense_rdflicense_rdfapplication/rdf+xml; charset=utf-8899https://bibliotecadigital.usb.edu.co/bitstreams/6c3a109a-30b5-4a94-b790-bc6a772ae929/download3b6ce8e9e36c89875e8cf39962fe8920MD52LICENSElicense.txtlicense.txttext/plain; charset=utf-82071https://bibliotecadigital.usb.edu.co/bitstreams/ad914158-82db-4f67-b1fb-1213ab69cd2e/download0c7b7184e7583ec671a5d9e43f0939c0MD53TEXTTesis_Diego Javier Lievano Parra.pdf.txtTesis_Diego Javier Lievano Parra.pdf.txtExtracted texttext/plain101600https://bibliotecadigital.usb.edu.co/bitstreams/dbb81528-6e82-4b0f-9b79-780084f14e14/download5ab3e2346e1fbb61fc7a22c110f8c4a8MD54THUMBNAILTesis_Diego Javier Lievano Parra.pdf.jpgTesis_Diego Javier Lievano Parra.pdf.jpgGenerated Thumbnailimage/jpeg12199https://bibliotecadigital.usb.edu.co/bitstreams/a1f5ee9e-7410-4b0b-8ea9-be8c93d9c233/downloadbc73ba3e8a332a1a7031add89716fd06MD5510819/12040oai:bibliotecadigital.usb.edu.co:10819/120402023-08-01 04:02:13.899http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 Internationalhttps://bibliotecadigital.usb.edu.coRepositorio Institucional Universidad de San Buenaventura Colombiabdigital@metabiblioteca.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