Estudio comparativo de la prevalencia de la depresión entre estudiantes universitarios: Diferencias de edad y género

Los desórdenes depresivos son la enfermedad más típica que afecta diferentes dimensiones del ser humano. Los estudiantes universitarios pueden estar bajo el riesgo de la depresión debido a la presión y estrés que enfrentan normalmente. Por lo tanto, el propósito de este estudio consiste en comparar...

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Autores:
Ghaedi, Leila
Mohd Kosnin, Azlina binti
Tipo de recurso:
Article of journal
Fecha de publicación:
2014
Institución:
Universidad de San Buenaventura
Repositorio:
Repositorio USB
Idioma:
eng
OAI Identifier:
oai:bibliotecadigital.usb.edu.co:10819/25587
Acceso en línea:
https://hdl.handle.net/10819/25587
https://doi.org/10.21500/20112084.657
Palabra clave:
Depression
Physical activity
Prevalence
Undergraduate students.
Depresión
actividad física
prevalencia
estudiantes universitarios.
Rights
openAccess
License
International Journal of Psychological Research - 2014
id SANBUENAV2_0311db971260c67fc67c107f40694762
oai_identifier_str oai:bibliotecadigital.usb.edu.co:10819/25587
network_acronym_str SANBUENAV2
network_name_str Repositorio USB
repository_id_str
dc.title.spa.fl_str_mv Estudio comparativo de la prevalencia de la depresión entre estudiantes universitarios: Diferencias de edad y género
dc.title.translated.spa.fl_str_mv Estudio comparativo de la prevalencia de la depresión entre estudiantes universitarios: Diferencias de edad y género
title Estudio comparativo de la prevalencia de la depresión entre estudiantes universitarios: Diferencias de edad y género
spellingShingle Estudio comparativo de la prevalencia de la depresión entre estudiantes universitarios: Diferencias de edad y género
Depression
Physical activity
Prevalence
Undergraduate students.
Depresión
actividad física
prevalencia
estudiantes universitarios.
title_short Estudio comparativo de la prevalencia de la depresión entre estudiantes universitarios: Diferencias de edad y género
title_full Estudio comparativo de la prevalencia de la depresión entre estudiantes universitarios: Diferencias de edad y género
title_fullStr Estudio comparativo de la prevalencia de la depresión entre estudiantes universitarios: Diferencias de edad y género
title_full_unstemmed Estudio comparativo de la prevalencia de la depresión entre estudiantes universitarios: Diferencias de edad y género
title_sort Estudio comparativo de la prevalencia de la depresión entre estudiantes universitarios: Diferencias de edad y género
dc.creator.fl_str_mv Ghaedi, Leila
Mohd Kosnin, Azlina binti
dc.contributor.author.eng.fl_str_mv Ghaedi, Leila
Mohd Kosnin, Azlina binti
dc.subject.eng.fl_str_mv Depression
Physical activity
Prevalence
Undergraduate students.
topic Depression
Physical activity
Prevalence
Undergraduate students.
Depresión
actividad física
prevalencia
estudiantes universitarios.
dc.subject.spa.fl_str_mv Depresión
actividad física
prevalencia
estudiantes universitarios.
description Los desórdenes depresivos son la enfermedad más típica que afecta diferentes dimensiones del ser humano. Los estudiantes universitarios pueden estar bajo el riesgo de la depresión debido a la presión y estrés que enfrentan normalmente. Por lo tanto, el propósito de este estudio consiste en comparar el nivel de  depresión  entre  hombres  y  mujeres  atletas  y  no  atletas  que  son estudiantes universitarios  de  una  universidad  privada  en  Esfahan,  Iran. La  muestra  de  esta investigación está compuesta por 400 hombres y mujeres atletas y no atletas iraníes que son estudiantes universitarios. El test de depressión de Beck (Beck depression test -BDI) fue utilizado para medir el grado de depresión. Una prueba t fue usada para evaluar la diferencia entre atletas y no atletas en P≤0.05 El ANOVA fue llevado a cabo para examinar si había relación entre el nivel depresión entre atletas y no atletas. El resultado mostró que el índice de prevalencia de depresión entre los estudiantes no atletas hombres era significativamente  más alta que aquellos que si lo eran. Los resultados también presentaron que el nivel de depresión entre mujeres estudiantes es mucho más frecuente que en hombres. Esto se puede deber a que la fatiga y falta de energía que es más frecuente a comparación con los varones. La actividad física estuvo negativamente relacionada al nivel de depresión por la severidad entre hombres y mujeres. Sin embargo, no hay relaciones diferentes entre la actividad física y el nivel de depresión de acuerdo a la edad de los atletas y no atletas hombres y mujeres. Este estudio tiene implicaciones esenciales para la psicología clínica o la psicología de salud debido a la relación entre la actividad física y la prevalencia de la depresión.
publishDate 2014
dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv 2014-07-01T00:00:00Z
2025-07-31T16:10:37Z
dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv 2014-07-01T00:00:00Z
2025-07-31T16:10:37Z
dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv 2014-07-01
dc.type.spa.fl_str_mv Artículo de revista
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https://doi.org/10.21500/20112084.657
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dc.relation.ispartofjournal.eng.fl_str_mv International Journal of Psychological Research
dc.relation.references.eng.fl_str_mv Al-Busaidi, Z. (2010). A qualitative study on the attitudes and beliefs towards help seeking for emotional distress in Omani women and Omani general practitioners: Implications for post-graduate training. Oman Medical Journal, 25, 189-198.
Ammouri, A. A., Kaur, H., Neuberger, G. B., Gajewski, B. & Choi, W. S. (2007). Correlates of exercise participation in adolescents. Public Health Nursing, 24, 111-120.
Apfel, J.L. (2004). Depresison and Its Treatments: A College Sample. Journal of College Student Psychotherapy, 18, 67-81.
Armstrong, S.A. & Oomen-Early, J. (2009). Social connectedness, self-esteem, and depression symptomatology among collegiate athletes versus nonathletes. Journal of American College Health, 57, 521-526.
Athari, P., Ghaedi, L. & Kosnin, A.b.M. (2013). Mothers’ depression and stress, severity of autism ‎among children and family income. International Journal of Psychology, 6(2): 98-106‎
Avison, W.R. & McAlpine, D.D. (1992). Gender differences in symptoms of depression among adolescents. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 33, 77-96.
Bagherpour, T. & Shojaei, M. (2010). Comparing depression degrees in first and last two years of starting and finishing college education among athletic and none athletic students international. Journal of Sports Science and Engineering, 4, 174-180.
Beck, A.T., Steer, R.A., & Brown, G.K. (1996). Manual for the Beck Depression Inventory-II. San Antonio, TX: Psychological Corporation.
Beck, A.T. & Greenberg, R.L. (1974). Available from: The center of Cognitive Therapy. Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
Bhave, S. & Nagpal, J. (2005). Anxiety and depressive disorders in college youth. Pediatric Clinics of North America, 52, 97-134.
Bitsika, V., Sharpley, C.F. & Melhem, T.C. (2010). Gender Differences in Factor Scores of Anxiety and Depression among Australian University Students: Implications for ounselling Interventions. Canadian Journal of Counselling, 44, 51-64.
Bland, R.C. (1997). Epidemiology of affective disorders: A review. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 42, 367-377.
Brooks, T.L., Harris, S.K., Thrall, J.S. & Woods, E.R. (2002). Association of adolescent risk behaviors with mental health symptoms in high school students. J Adolesc Health, 31, 240-246.
Buber, I. & Engelhardt, H. (2008). The relation between depressive symptoms and age among older Europeans Findings from SHARE. VDI, 01, 1-21.
Cohen, S. (2004). Social relationships and health. American Psychologist, 59, 676-684.
Compass, B.E., Oppedisano, G., Connor, J.K., Gerhardt, C. A., Hinden, B.R., Achenbach, T.M. & Hammen, C. (1997). Gender Differences in Depressive Symptoms in Adolescence: Comparison of National Samples of Clinically Referred and Youths. J. Consult Clinical Psychol, 65, 617-626.
Coopeland, J.R., Beekman, A.T. & Dewey, M.E. (1999). Depression in Europe Geographical. Distribution among Older People. British Journal of Psychiatry, 174, 312-321.
Craft, L.L., Freund, K.M. & Perna, F.M. (2007). Intervention study of exercise for depressive symptoms in women. Journal of Women's Health, 16, 1499-1509.
Dishman, R.K., Hales, D.P., Pfeiffer, K.A., Felton, G., Saunders, R., Ward, D.S., … Pate, R.R. (2006). Physical self-concept and self-esteem mediate cross-sectional relations of physical activity and sport participation with depression symptoms among adolescent girls. Health Psychol, 25, 396-407.
Dunn, A.L., Trivedi, M.H., Kampert, J.B., Clark, C.G. & Chambliss, H.O. (2005). Exercise treatment for depression Efficacy and dose response. Am J Prev Med, 28, 1-8.
Franck, E., De Raedt, R., Dereu, M.R. & Abbeele, V.D. (2007). Implicit and explicit selfesteem in currently depressed individuals with and without suicidal ideation. J Behav Ther Exp Psy, 38, 75-85.
Galambos, N.L., Leadbeater, B.J. & Barker, E.T. (2004). Gender differences in and risk factors for depression in adolescence: A 4-year longitudinal study. Int J Behav Dev, 28, 16-25.
Gargari, A.S., Jorkesh, M., Dehghanpor, M. & Asadollahi, A. (2012). Influence of aerobic exercises to music on the depression women non-athletes. Eur J Sport and Exe Sci, 1, 24-28.
Hawthorne, G., Goldney, R. & Taylor, A.W. (2008). Depression prevalence: Is it really increasing? Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 42, 606-616.
Hisli, N. (1989). Beck Depresyon Envanteri’nin üniversite ögrencileri için geçerligi güvenirligi [Validity and Reliability of Beck Depression Inventory for University Students]. Psikoloji Dergisi, 23, 3-13.
Ibrahim, G. (1989). Serum Concentrations of Circulating Thyroid Hormones in a Group of Depressed Men. Neuropsychobiology, 22, 8-10.
Jerstad, S.J., Boutelle, K.N. & Ness, K.K. (2010). Prospective Reciprocal Relations between Physical Activity and Depression in Adolescent Females. J Consult Clin Psychol, 78, 268-272.
Johnson, K.E., Kubik, M.Y. & McMorris, B.J. (2011). Prevalence and social-environmental correlates of sports team participation among alternative high school students. J Phys Act Health, 8, 606-612.
Johnson, K.E. & Taliaferro, L.A. (2011). Relationships between physical activity and depressive symptoms among middle and older adolescents: A review of the research literature. J Spec Pediatr Nurs, 16, 235-251.
Karen, E., Johnson, B.S. & Lindsay, A.T. (2011). Relationships between physical activity and depressive symptoms among middle and older adolescents: A review of the research literaturejspn. Journal for Specialists in Pediatric Nursing, 16, 235-251.
Khalil, A.H., Rabie, M.A. & Abdou, T.A. (2010). Clinical characteristics of depression among adolescent females: a cross-sectional study. Child and Adolescent. Psychiatry and Mental Health, 4, 1-7.
Le, H., Munoz, R.F., Ippen, C.G. & Stoddard J.L., (2003). Treatment is not enough: we must prevent major depression in women. Prevent Treat, 6, 187-194.
Lucas, M., Mekary, R. & Pan, A. (2011). Relation Between Clinical Depression Risk and Physical Activity and Time Spent Watching Television in Older Women: A 10-Year Prospective Follow-up Study. American Journal of Epidemiology, 174, 1017-1027.
Mobily, K.E., Rubinstein, L.M., Lemke, J.H. & Wallace, R.B. (1996). Walking and depression in a cohort of older adults: The Iowa 65+ Rural Health Study. Journal of Aging and Physical Activity, 4, 119-135.
Okyay, P., Atasoylu, G., Onde, M., Dereboy, C. & Beşer, E. (‎2012‎). How is Quality of Life Affected in Women in The Presence of Anxiety and Depression Symptoms? Turk Psikiyatri Derg. 23, 178-88.
Paffenbarger, R.S., Lee, I.M. & Leung, R. (1994). Physical activity and personal characteristics associated with depression and suicide in American college men. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 377, 16-22.
Paluska, S.A. & Schwenk, T.L. (2000). Physical activity and mental health: current concepts. Sports Medicine, 29, 167-180.
Pataki, C.S. (2000). Mood disorders and suicide in children and adolescents. In: Sadock, B.J., Freedman, A.M., Kaplan, H.I. (Eds.). Comprehensive Textbook of Psychiatry. 7th ed. (pp. 2740-2767). Philadelphia: Williams and Wilkins.
Patten, C. A., Choi, W. S., Vickers, K. S., & Pierce, J.P. (2001). Persistence of depressive symptoms in adolescents. Neuropsychopharmacology, 25, S89-S91.
Soet, J. & Sevig, T. (2006). Mental health issues facing a diverse sample of college students: Results from the College Student Mental Health Survey. NASPA Journal, 43, 410-431.
Stordal, E., Krüger, B.M., Dahl, N.H., Krüger, O., Mykletun, A., & Dahl, A.A. (2001). Depression in relation to age and gender in the general population: the Nord-Trondelag Health Study (HUNT). Acta Psychiat Scand, 104, 210–216.
Strohle, A. (2009). Physical activity, exercise, depression and anxiety disorders. J Neural Transm, 116, 777–784.
Talebzadeh, F. (2014). Comparing the Mental Health of Female Athlete and Non-Athlete Students in the City of Indica. Medicine and Public Health Journal, 1, 11-15.
Ustun, T.B., Ayuso-Mateos, J.L., Chatterji, S., Mathers, C. & Murray, C.J.L. (2004). Global burden of depressive disorders in the year 2000. British Journal of Psychiatry and Mental Health, 184, 386-392.
Wardle, J., Steptoe, A., Gulis, G. & Sartory, G. (2004). Depression, perceived control, and life satisfac tion in university students from Central-Eastern and Western Europe. International Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 11, 27-36.
Weissman, M.M. & Klerman, G.L. (1985). Gender and depression. Trends in Neurosciences, 8, 815-819.
Yang, J., Peek-Asa, C., Corlette, J.D., Cheng, G., Foster, D.T. & Albright, J. (2007). Prevalence of and risk factors associated with symptoms of depression in competitive collegiate student athletes. Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine, 17, 481-487.
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spelling Ghaedi, LeilaMohd Kosnin, Azlina binti2014-07-01T00:00:00Z2025-07-31T16:10:37Z2014-07-01T00:00:00Z2025-07-31T16:10:37Z2014-07-01Los desórdenes depresivos son la enfermedad más típica que afecta diferentes dimensiones del ser humano. Los estudiantes universitarios pueden estar bajo el riesgo de la depresión debido a la presión y estrés que enfrentan normalmente. Por lo tanto, el propósito de este estudio consiste en comparar el nivel de  depresión  entre  hombres  y  mujeres  atletas  y  no  atletas  que  son estudiantes universitarios  de  una  universidad  privada  en  Esfahan,  Iran. La  muestra  de  esta investigación está compuesta por 400 hombres y mujeres atletas y no atletas iraníes que son estudiantes universitarios. El test de depressión de Beck (Beck depression test -BDI) fue utilizado para medir el grado de depresión. Una prueba t fue usada para evaluar la diferencia entre atletas y no atletas en P≤0.05 El ANOVA fue llevado a cabo para examinar si había relación entre el nivel depresión entre atletas y no atletas. El resultado mostró que el índice de prevalencia de depresión entre los estudiantes no atletas hombres era significativamente  más alta que aquellos que si lo eran. Los resultados también presentaron que el nivel de depresión entre mujeres estudiantes es mucho más frecuente que en hombres. Esto se puede deber a que la fatiga y falta de energía que es más frecuente a comparación con los varones. La actividad física estuvo negativamente relacionada al nivel de depresión por la severidad entre hombres y mujeres. Sin embargo, no hay relaciones diferentes entre la actividad física y el nivel de depresión de acuerdo a la edad de los atletas y no atletas hombres y mujeres. Este estudio tiene implicaciones esenciales para la psicología clínica o la psicología de salud debido a la relación entre la actividad física y la prevalencia de la depresión.Depressive disorders are the most typical disease affecting many different factors of humanity. University students may be at increased risk of depression owing to the pressure and stress they encounter. Therefore, the purpose of this study is comparing the level of depression among male and female athletes and non-athletes undergraduate student of private university in Esfahan, Iran. The participants in this research are composed of 400 male and female athletes as well as no-athletes Iranian undergraduate students. The Beck depression test (BDI) was employed to measure the degree of depression. T-test was used to evaluate the distinction between athletes and non-athletes at P≤0.05. The ANOVA was conducted to examine whether there was a relationship between level of depression among non-athletes and athletes. The result showed that the prevalence rate of depression among non-athlete male undergraduate students is significantly higher than that of athlete male students. The results also presented that level of depression among female students is much more frequent compared to males. This can be due to the fatigue and lack of energy that are more frequent among female in comparison to the male students. Physical activity was negatively related to the level of depression by severity among male and female undergraduate students. However, there is no distinct relationship between physical activity and level of depression according to the age of athlete and non-athlete male and female undergraduate students. This study has essential implications for clinical psychology due to the relationship between physical activity and prevalence of depression.application/pdf10.21500/20112084.6572011-79222011-2084https://hdl.handle.net/10819/25587https://doi.org/10.21500/20112084.657engUniversidad San Buenaventura - USB (Colombia)https://revistas.usb.edu.co/index.php/IJPR/article/download/657/458502387International Journal of Psychological ResearchAl-Busaidi, Z. (2010). A qualitative study on the attitudes and beliefs towards help seeking for emotional distress in Omani women and Omani general practitioners: Implications for post-graduate training. Oman Medical Journal, 25, 189-198.Ammouri, A. A., Kaur, H., Neuberger, G. B., Gajewski, B. & Choi, W. S. (2007). Correlates of exercise participation in adolescents. Public Health Nursing, 24, 111-120.Apfel, J.L. (2004). Depresison and Its Treatments: A College Sample. Journal of College Student Psychotherapy, 18, 67-81.Armstrong, S.A. & Oomen-Early, J. (2009). Social connectedness, self-esteem, and depression symptomatology among collegiate athletes versus nonathletes. Journal of American College Health, 57, 521-526.Athari, P., Ghaedi, L. & Kosnin, A.b.M. (2013). Mothers’ depression and stress, severity of autism ‎among children and family income. International Journal of Psychology, 6(2): 98-106‎Avison, W.R. & McAlpine, D.D. (1992). Gender differences in symptoms of depression among adolescents. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 33, 77-96.Bagherpour, T. & Shojaei, M. (2010). Comparing depression degrees in first and last two years of starting and finishing college education among athletic and none athletic students international. Journal of Sports Science and Engineering, 4, 174-180.Beck, A.T., Steer, R.A., & Brown, G.K. (1996). Manual for the Beck Depression Inventory-II. San Antonio, TX: Psychological Corporation.Beck, A.T. & Greenberg, R.L. (1974). Available from: The center of Cognitive Therapy. Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.Bhave, S. & Nagpal, J. (2005). Anxiety and depressive disorders in college youth. Pediatric Clinics of North America, 52, 97-134.Bitsika, V., Sharpley, C.F. & Melhem, T.C. (2010). Gender Differences in Factor Scores of Anxiety and Depression among Australian University Students: Implications for ounselling Interventions. Canadian Journal of Counselling, 44, 51-64.Bland, R.C. (1997). Epidemiology of affective disorders: A review. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 42, 367-377.Brooks, T.L., Harris, S.K., Thrall, J.S. & Woods, E.R. (2002). Association of adolescent risk behaviors with mental health symptoms in high school students. J Adolesc Health, 31, 240-246.Buber, I. & Engelhardt, H. (2008). The relation between depressive symptoms and age among older Europeans Findings from SHARE. VDI, 01, 1-21.Cohen, S. (2004). Social relationships and health. American Psychologist, 59, 676-684.Compass, B.E., Oppedisano, G., Connor, J.K., Gerhardt, C. A., Hinden, B.R., Achenbach, T.M. & Hammen, C. (1997). Gender Differences in Depressive Symptoms in Adolescence: Comparison of National Samples of Clinically Referred and Youths. J. Consult Clinical Psychol, 65, 617-626.Coopeland, J.R., Beekman, A.T. & Dewey, M.E. (1999). Depression in Europe Geographical. Distribution among Older People. British Journal of Psychiatry, 174, 312-321.Craft, L.L., Freund, K.M. & Perna, F.M. (2007). Intervention study of exercise for depressive symptoms in women. Journal of Women's Health, 16, 1499-1509.Dishman, R.K., Hales, D.P., Pfeiffer, K.A., Felton, G., Saunders, R., Ward, D.S., … Pate, R.R. (2006). Physical self-concept and self-esteem mediate cross-sectional relations of physical activity and sport participation with depression symptoms among adolescent girls. Health Psychol, 25, 396-407.Dunn, A.L., Trivedi, M.H., Kampert, J.B., Clark, C.G. & Chambliss, H.O. (2005). Exercise treatment for depression Efficacy and dose response. Am J Prev Med, 28, 1-8.Franck, E., De Raedt, R., Dereu, M.R. & Abbeele, V.D. (2007). Implicit and explicit selfesteem in currently depressed individuals with and without suicidal ideation. J Behav Ther Exp Psy, 38, 75-85.Galambos, N.L., Leadbeater, B.J. & Barker, E.T. (2004). Gender differences in and risk factors for depression in adolescence: A 4-year longitudinal study. Int J Behav Dev, 28, 16-25.Gargari, A.S., Jorkesh, M., Dehghanpor, M. & Asadollahi, A. (2012). Influence of aerobic exercises to music on the depression women non-athletes. Eur J Sport and Exe Sci, 1, 24-28.Hawthorne, G., Goldney, R. & Taylor, A.W. (2008). Depression prevalence: Is it really increasing? Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 42, 606-616.Hisli, N. (1989). Beck Depresyon Envanteri’nin üniversite ögrencileri için geçerligi güvenirligi [Validity and Reliability of Beck Depression Inventory for University Students]. Psikoloji Dergisi, 23, 3-13.Ibrahim, G. (1989). Serum Concentrations of Circulating Thyroid Hormones in a Group of Depressed Men. Neuropsychobiology, 22, 8-10.Jerstad, S.J., Boutelle, K.N. & Ness, K.K. (2010). Prospective Reciprocal Relations between Physical Activity and Depression in Adolescent Females. J Consult Clin Psychol, 78, 268-272.Johnson, K.E., Kubik, M.Y. & McMorris, B.J. (2011). Prevalence and social-environmental correlates of sports team participation among alternative high school students. J Phys Act Health, 8, 606-612.Johnson, K.E. & Taliaferro, L.A. (2011). Relationships between physical activity and depressive symptoms among middle and older adolescents: A review of the research literature. J Spec Pediatr Nurs, 16, 235-251.Karen, E., Johnson, B.S. & Lindsay, A.T. (2011). Relationships between physical activity and depressive symptoms among middle and older adolescents: A review of the research literaturejspn. Journal for Specialists in Pediatric Nursing, 16, 235-251.Khalil, A.H., Rabie, M.A. & Abdou, T.A. (2010). 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Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine, 17, 481-487.International Journal of Psychological Research - 2014info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/https://revistas.usb.edu.co/index.php/IJPR/article/view/657DepressionPhysical activityPrevalenceUndergraduate students.Depresiónactividad físicaprevalenciaestudiantes universitarios.Estudio comparativo de la prevalencia de la depresión entre estudiantes universitarios: Diferencias de edad y géneroEstudio comparativo de la prevalencia de la depresión entre estudiantes universitarios: Diferencias de edad y géneroArtículo de revistahttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85Textinfo:eu-repo/semantics/articleJournal articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionPublicationOREORE.xmltext/xml2580https://bibliotecadigital.usb.edu.co/bitstreams/099eadb1-2a26-4cc7-a8dc-1c8755c12b93/download4565ab2945a3cbd8796dff2c6563f5feMD5110819/25587oai:bibliotecadigital.usb.edu.co:10819/255872025-07-31 11:10:37.902https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/https://bibliotecadigital.usb.edu.coRepositorio Institucional Universidad de San Buenaventura Colombiabdigital@metabiblioteca.com

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