Aspectos metodológicos clave en el diseño de realidades virtuales para el tratamiento efectivo de fobias específicas: una revisión de alcance
Esta revisión de alcance identifica los aspectos metodológicos clave para el tratamiento efectivo de fobias específicas mediante la terapia de exposición por medio de realidad virtual (VRET). Se analizaron cinco ensayos clínicos aleatorios (n = 316) publicados entre 2019 y 2025, seleccionados tras u...
- Autores:
- Tipo de recurso:
- Fecha de publicación:
- 2025
- Institución:
- Universidad Católica de Pereira
- Repositorio:
- Repositorio Institucional - RIBUC
- Idioma:
- spa
- OAI Identifier:
- oai:repositorio.ucp.edu.co:10785/16747
- Acceso en línea:
- https://hdl.handle.net/10785/16747
https://repositorio.ucp.edu.co/home
- Palabra clave:
- 5. Ciencias Sociales::5A. Psicología
Realidad Virtual
Realidad aumentada
Fobias específicas
Terapia de exposición
Adherencia terapéutica
Ensayo clínico
Virtual reality
Augmented reality
Specific phobias
Exposure therapy
Treatment adherence
Clinical trial
- Rights
- openAccess
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- Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)
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Aspectos metodológicos clave en el diseño de realidades virtuales para el tratamiento efectivo de fobias específicas: una revisión de alcance Key Methodological Aspects in the Design of Virtual Realities for the Effective Treatment of Specific Phobias: A Scoping Review |
| title |
Aspectos metodológicos clave en el diseño de realidades virtuales para el tratamiento efectivo de fobias específicas: una revisión de alcance |
| spellingShingle |
Aspectos metodológicos clave en el diseño de realidades virtuales para el tratamiento efectivo de fobias específicas: una revisión de alcance 5. Ciencias Sociales::5A. Psicología Realidad Virtual Realidad aumentada Fobias específicas Terapia de exposición Adherencia terapéutica Ensayo clínico Virtual reality Augmented reality Specific phobias Exposure therapy Treatment adherence Clinical trial |
| title_short |
Aspectos metodológicos clave en el diseño de realidades virtuales para el tratamiento efectivo de fobias específicas: una revisión de alcance |
| title_full |
Aspectos metodológicos clave en el diseño de realidades virtuales para el tratamiento efectivo de fobias específicas: una revisión de alcance |
| title_fullStr |
Aspectos metodológicos clave en el diseño de realidades virtuales para el tratamiento efectivo de fobias específicas: una revisión de alcance |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Aspectos metodológicos clave en el diseño de realidades virtuales para el tratamiento efectivo de fobias específicas: una revisión de alcance |
| title_sort |
Aspectos metodológicos clave en el diseño de realidades virtuales para el tratamiento efectivo de fobias específicas: una revisión de alcance |
| dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv |
Villegas Moreno, Martha Juliana Universidad Católica de Pereira Toro Tobar, Ronald Alberto Villegas Moreno, Martha Juliana |
| dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv |
5. Ciencias Sociales::5A. Psicología Realidad Virtual Realidad aumentada Fobias específicas Terapia de exposición Adherencia terapéutica Ensayo clínico Virtual reality Augmented reality Specific phobias Exposure therapy Treatment adherence Clinical trial |
| topic |
5. Ciencias Sociales::5A. Psicología Realidad Virtual Realidad aumentada Fobias específicas Terapia de exposición Adherencia terapéutica Ensayo clínico Virtual reality Augmented reality Specific phobias Exposure therapy Treatment adherence Clinical trial |
| description |
Esta revisión de alcance identifica los aspectos metodológicos clave para el tratamiento efectivo de fobias específicas mediante la terapia de exposición por medio de realidad virtual (VRET). Se analizaron cinco ensayos clínicos aleatorios (n = 316) publicados entre 2019 y 2025, seleccionados tras una búsqueda sistemática en PubMed y ScienceDirect. Usando la herramienta DIAD, se identificaron elementos centrales como jerarquización progresiva, frecuencia y duración de la exposición, tamaño muestral, psicoeducación, elementos gamificados, estimulación multisensorial y control del realismo e inmersión. Los hallazgos ofrecen un marco técnico y clínico para optimizar la planificación de la VRET, aumentando su eficacia y aplicabilidad clínica, pese a las limitaciones de esta tecnología emergente. |
| publishDate |
2025 |
| dc.date.none.fl_str_mv |
2025-08-27T18:43:11Z 2025-08-27T18:43:11Z 2025-05-23 |
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Trabajo de grado - Pregrado http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_7a1f http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85 Text info:eu-repo/semantics/bachelorThesis http://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/TP info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
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publishedVersion |
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Mejía Jordán, J. (2025). Aspectos metodológicos clave en el diseño de realidades virtuales para el tratamiento efectivo de fobias específicas: una revisión de alcance. Universidad Católica de Pereira. Disponible en: https://hdl.handle.net/10785/16747 https://hdl.handle.net/10785/16747 Universidad Católica de Pereira https://repositorio.ucp.edu.co/home |
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Mejía Jordán, J. (2025). Aspectos metodológicos clave en el diseño de realidades virtuales para el tratamiento efectivo de fobias específicas: una revisión de alcance. Universidad Católica de Pereira. Disponible en: https://hdl.handle.net/10785/16747 Universidad Católica de Pereira |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10785/16747 https://repositorio.ucp.edu.co/home |
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spa |
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spa |
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Albakri, G., Bouaziz, R., Alharthi, W., Kammoun, S., Al-Sarem, M., Saeed, F., & Hadwan, M. (2022). Phobia exposure therapy using virtual and augmented reality: A systematic review. Applied Sciences, 12(3), 1672. https://doi.org/10.3390/app12031672 American Psychiatric Association. (2014). Manual diagnóstico y estadístico de los trastornos mentales (5.ª ed.). Editorial Médica Panamericana. https://www.federaciocatalanatdah.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/dsm5-manualdiagnsticoyestadisticodelostrastornosmen0074ales-161006005112.pdf Álvarez-Pérez, Y., Rivero, F., Herrero, M., Viña, C., Fumero, A., Betancort, M., & Peñate, W. (2021). Changes in brain activation through cognitive-behavioral therapy with exposure to virtual reality: A neuroimaging study of specific phobia. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 10(16), 3505. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10163505 Beck, A. T., & Clark, D. A. (2010). Terapia cognitiva para trastornos de ansiedad: Ciencia y práctica. Guilford Press. https://www.srmcursos.com/archivos/arch_5847348cec977.pdf Botella, C., Fernández-Álvarez, J., Guillén, V., García-Palacios, A., & Baños, R. (2017). Recent progress in virtual reality exposure therapy for phobias: A systematic review. Current Psychiatry Reports, 19(7), 42. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11920-017-0788-4 Botella, C., García-Palacios, A., Quero, S., Baños, R. M., & Bretón-López, J. M. (2006). Realidad virtual y tratamientos psicológicos: Una revisión. Psicología Conductual, 14(3), 491–509. https://www.behavioralpsycho.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/09.Botella_14-3oa-1.pdf Bramer, W. M., Rethlefsen, M. L., Kleijnen, J., & Franco, O. H. (2017). Optimal database combinations for literature searches in systematic reviews: A prospective exploratory study. Systematic Reviews, 6(1), 245. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13643-017-0644-y Caballo, V. E. (1997). Manual para el tratamiento cognitivo-conductual de los trastornos psicológicos. Madrid: siglo XXI, 1, 113-136. https://beckperu.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Manual-para-el-tratamiento-cognitivo-conductual-de-los-trastornos-psicologicos-Vicente-Caballo.pdf Craske, M. G., Antony, M. M., & Barlow, D. H. (1995). Mastery of your specific phobia. Oxford University Press, Client Workbook. Demir, M., & Köskün, T. (2023). Efficacy of virtual reality exposure therapy in the treatment of specific phobias: A systematic review. Current Approaches in Psychiatry, 15(4), 562–576. https://doi.org/10.18863/pgy.1192543 Dozio, N., Marcolin, F., Scurati, G. W., Ulrich, L., Nonis, F., Vezzetti, E., ... & Ferrise, F. (2022). A design methodology for affective Virtual Reality. International journal of human-computer studies, 162, 102791. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhcs.2022.102791 Duraivel, S. (2024). Enhancing virtual reality exposure therapy for social anxiety disorder using generative adversarial networks: A personalized and adaptive approach. Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202409.0107.v1 Elphinston, R. A., Vaezipour, A., Fowler, J. A., Russell, T. G., & Sterling, M. (2023). Psychological therapy using virtual reality for treatment of driving phobia: A systematic review. Disability and Rehabilitation, 45(10), 1582–1594. https://doi.org/10.1080/09638288.2022.2069293 Farrell, L. J., Miyamoto, T., Donovan, C. L., Waters, A. M., Krisch, K. A., & Ollendick, T. H. (2021). Virtual Reality One-Session Treatment of Child-Specific Phobia of Dogs: A Controlled, Multiple Baseline Case Series. Behavior therapy, 52(2), 478–491. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beth.2020.06.003 Freitas, J. R. S., Velosa, V. H. S., Abreu, L. T. N., Jardim, R. L., Santos, J. A. V., Peres, B., & Campos, P. F. (2021). Virtual reality exposure treatment in phobias: A systematic review. The Psychiatric Quarterly, 92(4), 1685–1710. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11126-021-09935-6 García-Batista, Z. E., Guerra-Peña, K., Alsina-Jurnet, I., Cano-Vindel, A., Martínez, S. X. H., Jiménez-Payano, D., ... & Medrano, L. A. (2020). Design of virtual environments for the treatment of agoraphobia: inclusion of culturally relevant elements for the population of the Dominican Republic. Computers in Human Behavior, 102, 97-102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2019.08.015 Gómez-Restrepo, C., Martínez, N. T., Bohórquez, A., Rondón, M., Rico, M. M., Rengifo, H., & Bautisa, N. (2016). Trastornos depresivos y de ansiedad y factores asociados en la población adulta colombiana: Encuesta Nacional de Salud Mental 2015. Revista Colombiana de Psiquiatría, 45, 58–67. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rcp.2016.04.009 Grimaldos, J., Fernández-Buendía, S., Bretón-López, J., Miguel, C., Cuijpers, P., & Quero, S. (2025). Augmented reality exposure treatments in anxiety and related disorders: A systematic review. Internet Interventions, 39, 100812. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.invent.2025.100812 Gujjar, K. R., van Wijk, A., Kumar, R., & de Jongh, A. (2019). Efficacy of virtual reality exposure therapy for the treatment of dental phobia in adults: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of anxiety disorders, 62, 100-108. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2018.12.001 Jiang, M. Y., Upton, E., & Newby, J. M. (2020). A randomised wait-list controlled pilot trial of one-session virtual reality exposure therapy for blood-injection-injury phobias. Journal of affective disorders, 276, 636-645. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2020.07.076 Korzelius, B. J. (2024). Tratamiento de la fobia social con realidad virtual y terapia cognitivo-conductual tradicional: Un enfoque comparativo. Publicaciones e Investigación, 18(2). https://doi.org/10.22490/25394088.8918 Krzystanek, M., Surma, S., Stokrocka, M., Romańczyk, M., Przybyło, J., Krzystanek, N., & Borkowski, M. (2021). Tips for effective implementation of virtual reality exposure therapy in phobias: A systematic review. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 12, 737351. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2021.737351 Kuleli, D., Tyson, P., Davies, N. H., & Zeng, B. (2025). Examining the comparative effectiveness of virtual reality and in-vivo exposure therapy on social anxiety and specific phobia: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Behavioral and Cognitive Therapy, 35(2), 100524. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbct.2025.100524 Lacey, C., Frampton, C., & Beaglehole, B. (2023). oVRcome: Self-guided virtual reality for specific phobias: A randomised controlled trial. The Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 57(5), 736–744. https://doi.org/10.1177/00048674221110779 Lindner, P., Miloff, A., Bergman, C., Andersson, G., Hamilton, W., & Carlbring, P. (2020). Gamified, automated virtual reality exposure therapy for fear of spiders: A single-subject trial under simulated real-world conditions. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 11, 116. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00116 Lindner, P., Rozental, A., Jurell, A., Reuterskiöld, L., Andersson, G., Hamilton, W., Miloff, A., & Carlbring, P. (2020). Experiences of gamified and automated virtual reality exposure therapy for spider phobia: Qualitative study. JMIR Serious Games, 8(2), e17807. https://doi.org/10.2196/17807 Mahmoudi-Nejad, A., Guzdial, M., & Boulanger, P. (2024). Spiders based on anxiety: How reinforcement learning can deliver desired user experience in virtual reality personalized arachnophobia treatment. arXiv, 2409.17406. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2409.17406 Marks, I. M. (1987). Fears, phobias, and rituals: Panic, anxiety, and their disorders. Oxford University Press. https://books.google.es/books?id=iqvnCwAAQBAJ&lpg=PR13&ots=VNMAUTnud4&dq=Marks%2C%20I.%20M.%20(1987).%20Fears%2C%20phobias%2C%20and%20rituals%3A%20Panic%2C%20anxiety%2C%20and%20their%20disorders.%20Oxford%20University%20Press.&lr&hl=es&pg=PP1#v=onepage&q=Marks,%20I.%20M.%20(1987).%20Fears,%20phobias,%20and%20rituals:%20Panic,%20anxiety,%20and%20their%20disorders.%20Oxford%20University%20Press.&f=false Miloff, A., Lindner, P., Dafgård, P., Deak, S., Garke, M., Hamilton, W., ... & Carlbring, P. (2019). Automated virtual reality exposure therapy for spider phobia vs. in-vivo one-session treatment: A randomized non-inferiority trial. Behaviour research and therapy, 118, 130-140. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2019.04.004 Minns, S., Levihn-Coon, A., Carl, E., Smits, J. A., Miller, W., Howard, D., ... & Powers, M. B. (2019). Immersive 3D exposure-based treatment for spider fear: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of anxiety disorders, 61, 37-44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2018.12.003 Moldoveanu, A., Mitruț, O., Jinga, N., Petrescu, C., Moldoveanu, F., Asavei, V., Anghel, A. M., & Petrescu, L. (2023). Immersive phobia therapy through adaptive virtual reality and biofeedback. Applied Sciences, 13(18), 10365. https://doi.org/10.3390/app131810365 Mowrer, O. H. (1960). Learning theory and behavior. John Wiley & Sons Inc. https://doi.org/10.1037/10802-000 Munn, Z., Peters, M. D., Stern, C., Tufanaru, C., McArthur, A., & Aromataris, E. (2018). Systematic review or scoping review? Guidance for authors when choosing between a systematic or scoping review approach. BMC medical research methodology, 18, 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12874-018-0611-x Ost, L. G. (1989). One-session treatment for specific phobias. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 27(1), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/0005-7967(89)90113-7 Page, M. J., McKenzie, J. E., Bossuyt, P. M., Boutron, I., Hoffmann, T. C., Mulrow, C. 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Simon and Schuster. https://books.google.es/books?id=Pjjknd1HREIC&lpg=PA1&ots=iSshzuC4nI&dq=Skinner%2C%20B.%20F.%20(1965).%20Science%20and%20human%20behavior.%20Simon%20and%20Schuster.&lr&hl=es&pg=PR4#v=onepage&q=Skinner,%20B.%20F.%20(1965).%20Science%20and%20human%20behavior.%20Simon%20and%20Schuster.&f=false Solmi, M., Radua, J., Olivola, M., Croce, E., Soardo, L., Salazar de Pablo, G., Il Shin, J., Kirkbride, J. B., Jones, P., Kim, J. H., Kim, J. Y., Carvalho, A. F., Seeman, M. V., Correll, C. U., & Fusar-Poli, P. (2022). Age at onset of mental disorders worldwide: Large-scale meta-analysis of 192 epidemiological studies. Molecular Psychiatry, 27(1), 281–295. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41380-021-01161-7 Spytska, L. (2024). The use of virtual reality in the treatment of mental disorders such as phobias and post-traumatic stress disorder. SSM-Mental Health, 6, 100351. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssmmh.2024.100351 Triscari, M. T., Faraci, P., Catalisano, D., D'Angelo, V., & Urso, V. (2015). Effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy integrated with systematic desensitization, cognitive behavioral therapy combined with eye movement desensitization and reprocessing therapy, and cognitive behavioral therapy combined with virtual reality exposure therapy methods in the treatment of flight anxiety: A randomized trial. Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment, 11, 2591–2598. https://doi.org/10.2147/NDT.S93401 Valentine, J. C., & Cooper, H. (2008). A systematic and transparent approach for assessing the methodological quality of intervention effectiveness research: The study design and implementation assessment device (Study DIAD). Psychological Methods, 13(2), 130–149. https://doi.org/10.1037/1082-989X.13.2.130 van Loenen, I., Scholten, W., Muntingh, A., Smit, J., & Batelaan, N. (2022). The effectiveness of virtual reality exposure-based cognitive behavioral therapy for severe anxiety disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and posttraumatic stress disorder: Meta-analysis. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 24(2), e26736. https://doi.org/10.2196/26736 Wardenaar, K. J., Lim, C. C. W., Al-Hamzawi, A. O., Alonso, J., Andrade, L. H., Benjet, C., Bunting, B., de Girolamo, G., Demyttenaere, K., Florescu, S. E., Gureje, O., ... de Jonge, P. (2017). The cross-national epidemiology of specific phobia in the World Mental Health Surveys. Psychological Medicine, 47(10), 1744–1760. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291717000174 Wiens, S., Eklund, R., Szychowska, M., Miloff, A., Cosme, D., Pierzchajlo, S., & Carlbring, P. (2022). Electrophysiological correlates of in vivo and virtual reality exposure therapy in spider phobia. Psychophysiology, 59(12), e14117. https://doi.org/10.1111/psyp.14117 Zhong, C., Yao, L., Chen, L., Wang, X., Zhu, X., Wen, Y., Deng, L., Chen, J., Hui, J., Shi, L., & You, L. (2025). The use of virtual reality-assisted interventions on psychological well-being and treatment adherence among kidney transplant recipients: A randomized controlled study. Acta Psychologica, 253, 104700. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actpsy.2025.104700 Zimmer, A., Wang, N., Ibach, M. K., Fehlmann, B., Schicktanz, N. S., Bentz, D., ... & de Quervain, D. J. (2021). Effectiveness of a smartphone-based, augmented reality exposure app to reduce fear of spiders in real-life: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of anxiety disorders, 82, 102442. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2021.102442 Zuluaga-Valencia, J. B., & Fandiño-Tabares, D. C. (2017). Comorbilidades asociadas al déficit de atención con hiperactividad. Revista de la Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, 65(1), 61–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/revfacmed.v65n1.57031 |
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Universidad Católica de Pereira Facultad de Ciencias Humanas, Sociales y de la Educación Pereira Psicología |
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Aspectos metodológicos clave en el diseño de realidades virtuales para el tratamiento efectivo de fobias específicas: una revisión de alcanceKey Methodological Aspects in the Design of Virtual Realities for the Effective Treatment of Specific Phobias: A Scoping Review5. Ciencias Sociales::5A. PsicologíaRealidad VirtualRealidad aumentadaFobias específicasTerapia de exposiciónAdherencia terapéuticaEnsayo clínicoVirtual realityAugmented realitySpecific phobiasExposure therapyTreatment adherenceClinical trialEsta revisión de alcance identifica los aspectos metodológicos clave para el tratamiento efectivo de fobias específicas mediante la terapia de exposición por medio de realidad virtual (VRET). Se analizaron cinco ensayos clínicos aleatorios (n = 316) publicados entre 2019 y 2025, seleccionados tras una búsqueda sistemática en PubMed y ScienceDirect. Usando la herramienta DIAD, se identificaron elementos centrales como jerarquización progresiva, frecuencia y duración de la exposición, tamaño muestral, psicoeducación, elementos gamificados, estimulación multisensorial y control del realismo e inmersión. Los hallazgos ofrecen un marco técnico y clínico para optimizar la planificación de la VRET, aumentando su eficacia y aplicabilidad clínica, pese a las limitaciones de esta tecnología emergente.This scoping review identifies key methodological aspects for the effective treatment of specific phobias through virtual reality exposure therapy (VRET). Five randomized clinical trials (n = 316) published between 2019 and 2025 were analyzed, selected through a systematic search in PubMed and ScienceDirect. Using the DIAD tool, central elements were identified, including progressive hierarchization, exposure frequency and duration, sample size, psychoeducation, gamified elements, multisensory stimulation, and control of virtual realism and immersion. The findings provide a technical and clinical framework to optimize VRET planning, enhancing its effectiveness and clinical applicability despite the limitations of this emerging technology.1. Resumen 2. Abstract 3. Introducción 4. Objetivo general 5. Objetivos específicos 6. Justificación 7. Marco teórico 8. Método 9. Resultados 10. Discusión 11. Conclusiones 12. ReferenciasPregradoPsicólogo(a)Universidad Católica de PereiraFacultad de Ciencias Humanas, Sociales y de la EducaciónPereiraPsicologíaVillegas Moreno, Martha JulianaUniversidad Católica de PereiraToro Tobar, Ronald AlbertoVillegas Moreno, Martha JulianaMejía Jordán, Julián David2025-08-27T18:43:11Z2025-08-27T18:43:11Z2025-05-23Trabajo de grado - Pregradohttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_7a1fhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85Textinfo:eu-repo/semantics/bachelorThesishttp://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/TPinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion30application/pdfapplication/pdfMejía Jordán, J. (2025). Aspectos metodológicos clave en el diseño de realidades virtuales para el tratamiento efectivo de fobias específicas: una revisión de alcance. Universidad Católica de Pereira. 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