Importancia del rol de enfermería en la educación y prevención de ECV: una revisión crítica

Introducción: Actualmente en el rol de la enfermería ha tenido un impacto significativo dentro de la educación y el acompañamiento o prevención, siendo estos los ejes necesarios para minimizar los factores de riesgo cardiovascular y mejorar la calidad de vida de los pacientes. Sin embargo, la eviden...

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Autores:
Marín Cortés, Jose Manuel
Tipo de recurso:
Fecha de publicación:
2025
Institución:
Universidad Libre
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RIU - Repositorio Institucional UniLibre
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oai:repository.unilibre.edu.co:10901/32265
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https://hdl.handle.net/10901/32265
Palabra clave:
Enfermería
Educación en salud
Rol de Enfermeras
Atención de enfermería
Enfermedades cardiovasculares
Prevención
Adherencia terapéutica
Nursing
Health education
Nurse's Role
Nursing care
Cardiovascular diseases
Prevention
Treatment Adherence and Compliance
Rights
openAccess
License
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.5/co/
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repository_id_str
dc.title.spa.fl_str_mv Importancia del rol de enfermería en la educación y prevención de ECV: una revisión crítica
dc.title.alternative.spa.fl_str_mv The Importance of the Nursing Role in Education and Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases: A Critical Review
title Importancia del rol de enfermería en la educación y prevención de ECV: una revisión crítica
spellingShingle Importancia del rol de enfermería en la educación y prevención de ECV: una revisión crítica
Enfermería
Educación en salud
Rol de Enfermeras
Atención de enfermería
Enfermedades cardiovasculares
Prevención
Adherencia terapéutica
Nursing
Health education
Nurse's Role
Nursing care
Cardiovascular diseases
Prevention
Treatment Adherence and Compliance
title_short Importancia del rol de enfermería en la educación y prevención de ECV: una revisión crítica
title_full Importancia del rol de enfermería en la educación y prevención de ECV: una revisión crítica
title_fullStr Importancia del rol de enfermería en la educación y prevención de ECV: una revisión crítica
title_full_unstemmed Importancia del rol de enfermería en la educación y prevención de ECV: una revisión crítica
title_sort Importancia del rol de enfermería en la educación y prevención de ECV: una revisión crítica
dc.creator.fl_str_mv Marín Cortés, Jose Manuel
dc.contributor.advisor.none.fl_str_mv Aristizabal Franco, Luis Evelio
dc.contributor.author.none.fl_str_mv Marín Cortés, Jose Manuel
dc.subject.spa.fl_str_mv Enfermería
Educación en salud
Rol de Enfermeras
Atención de enfermería
Enfermedades cardiovasculares
Prevención
Adherencia terapéutica
topic Enfermería
Educación en salud
Rol de Enfermeras
Atención de enfermería
Enfermedades cardiovasculares
Prevención
Adherencia terapéutica
Nursing
Health education
Nurse's Role
Nursing care
Cardiovascular diseases
Prevention
Treatment Adherence and Compliance
dc.subject.subjectenglish.spa.fl_str_mv Nursing
Health education
Nurse's Role
Nursing care
Cardiovascular diseases
Prevention
Treatment Adherence and Compliance
description Introducción: Actualmente en el rol de la enfermería ha tenido un impacto significativo dentro de la educación y el acompañamiento o prevención, siendo estos los ejes necesarios para minimizar los factores de riesgo cardiovascular y mejorar la calidad de vida de los pacientes. Sin embargo, la evidencia demuestra que los resultados han sido heterogéneos, ya que la intervención y duración de los tratamientos dependen del entorno sociocultural. Objetivo: Analizar críticamente la efectividad de las intervenciones educativas lideradas por enfermería en la prevención y control de las ECV, identificando los tipos de intervención más eficaces y las brechas contextuales que afectan su sostenibilidad. Metodología: Se llevó a cabo una revisión crítica de acuerdo con el método PRISMA en el que se hizo un análisis de 32 estudios publicados entre 2020 y 2025. Se utilizaron herramientas como ROB-2, (NOS) y AMSTAR-2/CASP. Finalmente, se llevó a cabo una síntesis narrativa bajo el índice de efectividad ponderada. Resultados: Las intervenciones de rehabilitación cardíaca y programas híbridos tienen un nivel de efectividad ponderado en 5, con mejoras significativas en adherencia terapéutica, calidad de vida y capacidad funcional. El seguimiento remoto, telemedicina y educación presencial estructurada se ponderaron en 4, demostrando eficiencia sostenida en el control de presión arterial y reducción de hospitalizaciones. Las estrategias de modificación del estilo de vida y actividad física tuvieron un puntaje de 3 con efecto moderado. Conclusiones: La enfermería cumple un rol importante en las intervenciones educativas para prevenir y controlar las enfermedades cardiovasculares, principalmente cuando hay educación personalizada y acompañamiento comunitario y familiar. Es recomendable fortalecer los estudios en América Latina, debido a brechas geográficas y socioculturales, ya que la mayoría de los estudios fueron de Europa y Asia. La enfermería es un pilar indispensable para promocionar la salud cardiovascular, integrando elementos educativos, compromiso social y conocimiento científico.
publishDate 2025
dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv 2025-11-27T21:08:18Z
dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv 2025-11-27T21:08:18Z
dc.date.created.none.fl_str_mv 2025-11-27
dc.type.coar.fl_str_mv http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_7a1f
dc.type.local.spa.fl_str_mv Tesis de Pregrado
dc.type.driver.spa.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/bachelorThesis
dc.identifier.uri.none.fl_str_mv https://hdl.handle.net/10901/32265
url https://hdl.handle.net/10901/32265
dc.relation.references.spa.fl_str_mv Ministerio de Salud y Protección Social. ECV [Internet]. Bogota: Minsalud; [citado 2025 Mar 2]. Disponible en:: https://www.minsalud.gov.co/salud/publica/PENT/Paginas/enfermedades-cardiovasculares.aspx
Organización Mundial de la Salud. ECV [Internet]. Ginebra: OMS; 2021 [citado 2 feb 2025]. Disponible en: https://www.who.int/es/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/cardiovascular-diseases-(cvds)
Moriel-Galarza KP, Nava-González EJ. Rol de los profesionales de enfermería en prevención primaria de ECV: revisión de literatura. SANUS. 2023 Dec 28;8:e358.
Fernández Redondo C. Manual de cardiovascular para enfermeras. Asociación española de enfermería en cardiología [internet]. 2023 [cited 2025 feb 2]; available from: https://enfermeriaencardiologia.com/images/manuales/manual-cardiovascular-enfermeras.pdf#page=10
Montealegre Esmeral L, Navarro Rubio G, Amador Rodero E, de Oro Aguado C, Arteta Charris M. Adherencia en el manejo de la hipertensión arterial en pacientes del régimen subsidiado. Barranquilla – Colombia. Revista Cultura del Cuidado Enfermería. 2022;19.
Asociación española de enfermería en cardiología. Manual de enfermería en cuidados críticos cardiovasculares [internet]. Madrid: AEEC; 2022 oct [citado 2025 feb 2]. Disponible en: https://enfermeriaencardiologia.com/images/manuales/manual_de_enfermeria_en_cuidados_criticos_cardiovasculares_isbn_978_84_09_44195_2.pdf#page=289
Zheng X, Yu H, Qiu X, Chair SY, Wong EML, Wang Q. The effects of a nurse-led lifestyle intervention program on cardiovascular risk, self-efficacy and health promoting behaviours among patients with metabolic syndrome: randomized controlled trial. int j nurs stud. 2020 sep 1;109.
Mi-Ling Wong E, P Leung DY, Chair SY, H Sit JW. Effects of a web-based educational support intervention on total exercise and cardiovascular risk markers in adults with coronary heart disease. worldviews on evidence-based nursing. 2020.
Bruneau J, Moralejo D, Parsons K. Evaluating the effectiveness of the cardiovascular assessment screening program with nurse practitioners and patients: results of a cluster randomised controlled trial. bmc primary care. 2024 dec 1;25(1).
Guan H, Wang L, Zhu B, Liu Y, Ji J. The influence of integrated healthcare on the nursing effect, negative emotions, and heart failure indicators in acute heart failure patients [Internet]. Vol. 13, Am J Transl Res. 2021. Available from: www.ajtr.org/ISSN:1943-8141/AJTR0132400
Bohn L, Sa-Couto P, Ramoa Castro A, Ribeiro F, Oliveira J. Effects of a short health education intervention on physical activity, arterial stiffness and cardiac autonomic function in individuals with moderate-to-high cardiovascular risk. Patient Educ Couns. 2020 Sep 1;103(9):1856–63.
Sarfo FS, Akpalu A, Bockarie A, Appiah L, Nguah SB, Ayisi-Boateng NK, et al. Phone-based intervention under nurse guidance after stroke (pings ii) study: protocol for a phase iii randomized clinical trial. Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases. 2021 Aug 1;30(8).
Sławska A, Siudak Z. Nurse-managed education: The effectiveness of secondary prevention after acute coronary syndromes and the prevalence and predictors of dropout from a cardiac rehabilitation programme. Postepy w Kardiologii Interwencyjnej. 2021 Mar 1;17(1):46–53.
Arjunan P, Ramakrishnan •, Trichur V. The impact of nurse-led cardiac rehabilitation on quality of life and biophysiological parameters in patients with heart failure: a randomized clinical trial. 2020.
Rojas-Caballero JA, Massa ER, Cogollo-Milanés Z. Impact of educational interventions to foster health in patients undergoing cardiac rehabilitation: a systematic review. aquichan. 2023 jul 24;23(3).
Alves ABS, Rodrigues ILA, Pereira AA, Nogueira LMV, Andrade EGR de, Moraes CM da S. Risco cardiovascular na atenção primária à saúde: elaboração conjunta de tecnologia educacional. enfermagem em foco. 2025 apr 4;16.
Westland H, Schuurmans MJ, Bos-Touwen ID, de Bruin-van Leersum MA, Monninkhof EM, Schröder CD, et al. Effectiveness of the nurse-led activate intervention in patients at risk of cardiovascular disease in primary care: a cluster-randomised controlled trial. European Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing. 2020 Dec 1;19(8):721–31.
Ritngam A, Kalampakorn S, Lagampan S, Jirapongsuwan A. Effectiveness of a nurse-led workplace intervention in reducing cardiovascular risks among thai workers: a randomized controlled trial. J Prim Care Community Health. 2024 Jan 1;15.
Henriksson R, Huber D, Mooe T. Nurse-led, telephone-based follow-up after acute coronary syndrome yields improved risk factors after 36 months: the randomized controlled NAILED-ACS trial. Sci Rep. 2021 Dec 1;11(1).
Kilfoy A, Chu C, Krisnagopal A, Mcatee E, Baek S, Zworth M, et al. Nurse-led remote digital support for adults with chronic conditions: A systematic synthesis without meta-analysis. Vol. 34, Journal of Clinical Nursing. John Wiley and Sons Inc; 2025. p. 715–36.
Mo Y, Chu M, Hu W, Wang H. Association between the nurse-led program with mental health status, quality of life, and heart failure rehospitalization in chronic heart failure patients. Medicine (United States). 2021 Mar 12;100(10):E25052.
Michael NA, Mselle LT, Tarimo EM, Cao Y. The effectiveness of nurse-led transition care on post-discharge outcomes of adult stroke survivors: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Nurs Open. 2025 Mar 1;12(3).
Kumar A, Kumar M, Verma P, Pal R, Nagi M, Mahesh KV, et al. Effects of stroke nurse-led acute stroke management on treatment time benchmarks, intravenous thrombolysis rates, and patient outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases. 2025 Feb 1;34(2).
Ribeiro EG, Brant LCC, Rezende LC, Bernal R, Chequer G, Temponi B V., et al. Effect of telemedicine interventions on heart failure hospitalizations: a randomized trial. Journal of the American Heart Association . 2025 Mar 18;14(6).
Chong MS, Sit JWH, Choi KC, Suhaimi A, Chair SY. A Theory-Based, Technology-assisted intervention in a hybrid cardiac rehabilitation program for patients with coronary heart disease: a feasibility study. Asian Nurs Res (Korean Soc Nurs Sci). 2023 Aug 1;17(3):180–90.
Arjunan P, D’Souza MS. Efficacy of nurse-led cardiac rehabilitation on health care behaviours in adults with chronic heart failure: An experimental design. Clin Epidemiol Glob Health. 2021 Oct 1;12.
Dağistan Akgöz A, Gözüm S. Effectiveness of a nurse-led physical activity intervention to decrease cardiovascular disease risk in middle-aged adults: A pilot randomized controlled study. Journal of Vascular Nursing. 2020 Sep 1;38(3):140–8.
Dağistan Akgöz A, Gözüm S. Effectiveness of a nurse-led physical activity intervention to decrease cardiovascular disease risk in middle-aged adults: A pilot randomized controlled study. Journal of Vascular Nursing. 2020 Sep 1;38(3):140–8.
Jiang Y, Koh KWL, Ramachandran HJ, Nguyen HD, Lim DS, Tay YK, et al. The effectiveness of a nurse-led home-based heart failure self-management programme (the HOM-HEMP) for patients with chronic heart failure: A three-arm stratified randomized controlled trial. Int J Nurs Stud. 2021 Oct 1;122.
Lecarnaqué-Rojas CG, Guerrero-Cueva JI, Guillén-López OB. Knowledge about cardiovascular diseases in a first-level healthcare center in lima, peru. rev peru med exp salud publica. 2024 jul 1;41(3):281–6.
Wolska M, Uchmanowicz I, Zelek L, Jankowski P, Sławska A, Sowa Ł, et al. Effectiveness of a nurse-led program of frequent educational meetings in achieving weight loss in patients with coronary artery disease: A prospective study from Poland. Kardiol Pol. 2024;82(11):1109–18.
Miller NH, Jennings C, Thompson DR, Fredericks S. Nurse-Based Models for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention from Research to Clinical Practice. Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing. 2025;
Lizcano-Álvarez Á, Carretero-Julián L, Talavera-Saez A, Cristóbal-Zárate B, Cid-Expósito MG, Alameda-Cuesta A, et al. Intensive nurse-led follow-up in primary care to improve self-management and compliance behaviour after myocardial infarction. Nurs Open. 2023 Aug 1;10(8):5211–24.
Li S, Craig S, Mitchell G, Fitzsimons D, Creighton L, Thompson G, et al. Nurse-Led Strategies for Lifestyle Modification to Control Hypertension in Older Adults: A Scoping Review. Vol. 15, Nursing Reports. Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI); 2025.
Okube OT, Kimani ST, Mirie W. Effect of a Nurse-Led Intervention on Knowledge of the Modifiable Risk Behaviors of Cardiovascular Disease: A Randomized Controlled Trial. SAGE Open Nurs. 2023 Jan 1;9.
Kappes M, Espinoza P, Jara V, Hall A. Nurse-led telehealth intervention effectiveness on reducing hypertension: a systematic review. BMC Nurs. 2023 Dec 1;22(1).
Qiu X. Nurse-led intervention in the management of patients with cardiovascular diseases: a brief literature review. BMC Nurs. 2024 Dec 1;23(1).
Mourad G, Lundgren J, Andersson G, Johansson P. Healthcare use in patients with cardiovascular disease and depressive symptoms – The impact of a nurse-led internet-delivered cognitive behavioural therapy program. A secondary analysis of a RCT. Internet Interv. 2024 Mar 1;35.
Alberto C, Figueroa D. Competencia para el cuidado y soporte social percibido en cuidadores de personas con enfermedad cerebrovascular. Revista Cultura del Cuidado Enfermería. 2022;19.
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spelling Aristizabal Franco, Luis EvelioMarín Cortés, Jose ManuelPereira2025-11-27T21:08:18Z2025-11-27T21:08:18Z2025-11-27https://hdl.handle.net/10901/32265Introducción: Actualmente en el rol de la enfermería ha tenido un impacto significativo dentro de la educación y el acompañamiento o prevención, siendo estos los ejes necesarios para minimizar los factores de riesgo cardiovascular y mejorar la calidad de vida de los pacientes. Sin embargo, la evidencia demuestra que los resultados han sido heterogéneos, ya que la intervención y duración de los tratamientos dependen del entorno sociocultural. Objetivo: Analizar críticamente la efectividad de las intervenciones educativas lideradas por enfermería en la prevención y control de las ECV, identificando los tipos de intervención más eficaces y las brechas contextuales que afectan su sostenibilidad. Metodología: Se llevó a cabo una revisión crítica de acuerdo con el método PRISMA en el que se hizo un análisis de 32 estudios publicados entre 2020 y 2025. Se utilizaron herramientas como ROB-2, (NOS) y AMSTAR-2/CASP. Finalmente, se llevó a cabo una síntesis narrativa bajo el índice de efectividad ponderada. Resultados: Las intervenciones de rehabilitación cardíaca y programas híbridos tienen un nivel de efectividad ponderado en 5, con mejoras significativas en adherencia terapéutica, calidad de vida y capacidad funcional. El seguimiento remoto, telemedicina y educación presencial estructurada se ponderaron en 4, demostrando eficiencia sostenida en el control de presión arterial y reducción de hospitalizaciones. Las estrategias de modificación del estilo de vida y actividad física tuvieron un puntaje de 3 con efecto moderado. Conclusiones: La enfermería cumple un rol importante en las intervenciones educativas para prevenir y controlar las enfermedades cardiovasculares, principalmente cuando hay educación personalizada y acompañamiento comunitario y familiar. Es recomendable fortalecer los estudios en América Latina, debido a brechas geográficas y socioculturales, ya que la mayoría de los estudios fueron de Europa y Asia. La enfermería es un pilar indispensable para promocionar la salud cardiovascular, integrando elementos educativos, compromiso social y conocimiento científico.Universidad Libre Seccional Pereira -- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Exactas y Naturales -- EnfermeríaIntroduction: Cardiovascular diseases are considered the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide, and are even established as a priority challenge in the healthcare system. Currently, nursing has had a significant impact on education and support or prevention, which are necessary pillars for minimizing cardiovascular risk factors and improving patients' quality of life. However, evidence shows that results have been mixed, as the intervention and duration of treatments depend on the sociocultural environment. Objective: To critically analyze the effectiveness of nursing-led educational interventions in the prevention and control of CVD, identifying the most effective types of intervention and the contextual gaps that affect their sustainability. Methodology: A critical review was conducted according to the PRISMA method, analyzing 32 studies published between 2020 and 2025. Tools such as ROB-2, (NOS), and AMSTAR-2/CASP were used. Finally, a narrative synthesis was carried out under the weighted effectiveness index. Results: Cardiac rehabilitation interventions and hybrid programs have a weighted effectiveness level of 5, with significant improvements in therapeutic adherence, quality of life, and functional capacity. Remote monitoring, telemedicine, and structured face-to-face education were weighted at 4, demonstrating sustained efficiency in blood pressure control and reduction in hospitalizations. Lifestyle modification and physical activity strategies scored 3 with a moderate effect. Conclusions: Nursing plays an important role in educational interventions to prevent and control cardiovascular disease, especially when personalized education and community and family support are provided. Further studies in Latin America are recommended, given the geographical and sociocultural gaps, as most studies were conducted in Europe and Asia. Nursing is an indispensable pillar for promoting cardiovascular health, integrating educational elements, social commitment, and scientific knowledge.PDFhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.5/co/Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 2.5 Colombiainfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2EnfermeríaEducación en saludRol de EnfermerasAtención de enfermeríaEnfermedades cardiovascularesPrevenciónAdherencia terapéuticaNursingHealth educationNurse's RoleNursing careCardiovascular diseasesPreventionTreatment Adherence and ComplianceImportancia del rol de enfermería en la educación y prevención de ECV: una revisión críticaThe Importance of the Nursing Role in Education and Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases: A Critical ReviewTesis de Pregradoinfo:eu-repo/semantics/bachelorThesishttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_7a1fMinisterio de Salud y Protección Social. ECV [Internet]. Bogota: Minsalud; [citado 2025 Mar 2]. Disponible en:: https://www.minsalud.gov.co/salud/publica/PENT/Paginas/enfermedades-cardiovasculares.aspxOrganización Mundial de la Salud. ECV [Internet]. Ginebra: OMS; 2021 [citado 2 feb 2025]. Disponible en: https://www.who.int/es/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/cardiovascular-diseases-(cvds)Moriel-Galarza KP, Nava-González EJ. Rol de los profesionales de enfermería en prevención primaria de ECV: revisión de literatura. SANUS. 2023 Dec 28;8:e358.Fernández Redondo C. Manual de cardiovascular para enfermeras. Asociación española de enfermería en cardiología [internet]. 2023 [cited 2025 feb 2]; available from: https://enfermeriaencardiologia.com/images/manuales/manual-cardiovascular-enfermeras.pdf#page=10Montealegre Esmeral L, Navarro Rubio G, Amador Rodero E, de Oro Aguado C, Arteta Charris M. Adherencia en el manejo de la hipertensión arterial en pacientes del régimen subsidiado. Barranquilla – Colombia. Revista Cultura del Cuidado Enfermería. 2022;19.Asociación española de enfermería en cardiología. Manual de enfermería en cuidados críticos cardiovasculares [internet]. Madrid: AEEC; 2022 oct [citado 2025 feb 2]. Disponible en: https://enfermeriaencardiologia.com/images/manuales/manual_de_enfermeria_en_cuidados_criticos_cardiovasculares_isbn_978_84_09_44195_2.pdf#page=289Zheng X, Yu H, Qiu X, Chair SY, Wong EML, Wang Q. The effects of a nurse-led lifestyle intervention program on cardiovascular risk, self-efficacy and health promoting behaviours among patients with metabolic syndrome: randomized controlled trial. int j nurs stud. 2020 sep 1;109.Mi-Ling Wong E, P Leung DY, Chair SY, H Sit JW. Effects of a web-based educational support intervention on total exercise and cardiovascular risk markers in adults with coronary heart disease. worldviews on evidence-based nursing. 2020.Bruneau J, Moralejo D, Parsons K. Evaluating the effectiveness of the cardiovascular assessment screening program with nurse practitioners and patients: results of a cluster randomised controlled trial. bmc primary care. 2024 dec 1;25(1).Guan H, Wang L, Zhu B, Liu Y, Ji J. The influence of integrated healthcare on the nursing effect, negative emotions, and heart failure indicators in acute heart failure patients [Internet]. Vol. 13, Am J Transl Res. 2021. Available from: www.ajtr.org/ISSN:1943-8141/AJTR0132400Bohn L, Sa-Couto P, Ramoa Castro A, Ribeiro F, Oliveira J. Effects of a short health education intervention on physical activity, arterial stiffness and cardiac autonomic function in individuals with moderate-to-high cardiovascular risk. Patient Educ Couns. 2020 Sep 1;103(9):1856–63.Sarfo FS, Akpalu A, Bockarie A, Appiah L, Nguah SB, Ayisi-Boateng NK, et al. Phone-based intervention under nurse guidance after stroke (pings ii) study: protocol for a phase iii randomized clinical trial. Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases. 2021 Aug 1;30(8).Sławska A, Siudak Z. Nurse-managed education: The effectiveness of secondary prevention after acute coronary syndromes and the prevalence and predictors of dropout from a cardiac rehabilitation programme. Postepy w Kardiologii Interwencyjnej. 2021 Mar 1;17(1):46–53.Arjunan P, Ramakrishnan •, Trichur V. The impact of nurse-led cardiac rehabilitation on quality of life and biophysiological parameters in patients with heart failure: a randomized clinical trial. 2020.Rojas-Caballero JA, Massa ER, Cogollo-Milanés Z. Impact of educational interventions to foster health in patients undergoing cardiac rehabilitation: a systematic review. aquichan. 2023 jul 24;23(3).Alves ABS, Rodrigues ILA, Pereira AA, Nogueira LMV, Andrade EGR de, Moraes CM da S. Risco cardiovascular na atenção primária à saúde: elaboração conjunta de tecnologia educacional. enfermagem em foco. 2025 apr 4;16.Westland H, Schuurmans MJ, Bos-Touwen ID, de Bruin-van Leersum MA, Monninkhof EM, Schröder CD, et al. Effectiveness of the nurse-led activate intervention in patients at risk of cardiovascular disease in primary care: a cluster-randomised controlled trial. European Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing. 2020 Dec 1;19(8):721–31.Ritngam A, Kalampakorn S, Lagampan S, Jirapongsuwan A. Effectiveness of a nurse-led workplace intervention in reducing cardiovascular risks among thai workers: a randomized controlled trial. J Prim Care Community Health. 2024 Jan 1;15.Henriksson R, Huber D, Mooe T. Nurse-led, telephone-based follow-up after acute coronary syndrome yields improved risk factors after 36 months: the randomized controlled NAILED-ACS trial. Sci Rep. 2021 Dec 1;11(1).Kilfoy A, Chu C, Krisnagopal A, Mcatee E, Baek S, Zworth M, et al. 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