Implementation of the sustainable development goals among fourth grade students of english at Instituto Pedagógico Nacional.
Este documento presenta la propuesta pedagógica de un proyecto de investigación-acción que tuvo como objetivo presentar e implementar los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible con el fin de mejorar las habilidades productivas en inglés y el pensamiento crítico en el aula de EFL. Los participantes del e...
- Autores:
-
Guevara Torres, Stefany Dayana
- Tipo de recurso:
- Trabajo de grado de pregrado
- Fecha de publicación:
- 2025
- Institución:
- Universidad Pedagógica Nacional
- Repositorio:
- Repositorio Institucional UPN
- Idioma:
- eng
- OAI Identifier:
- oai:repository.pedagogica.edu.co:20.500.12209/21188
- Acceso en línea:
- http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12209/21188
- Palabra clave:
- Objetivos de desarrollo sostenible
Enfoque comunicativo
Habilidades productivas en inglés
Sustainable development goals
Communicative approach
Productive skills
- Rights
- openAccess
- License
- https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
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Implementation of the sustainable development goals among fourth grade students of english at Instituto Pedagógico Nacional. |
| title |
Implementation of the sustainable development goals among fourth grade students of english at Instituto Pedagógico Nacional. |
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Implementation of the sustainable development goals among fourth grade students of english at Instituto Pedagógico Nacional. Objetivos de desarrollo sostenible Enfoque comunicativo Habilidades productivas en inglés Sustainable development goals Communicative approach Productive skills |
| title_short |
Implementation of the sustainable development goals among fourth grade students of english at Instituto Pedagógico Nacional. |
| title_full |
Implementation of the sustainable development goals among fourth grade students of english at Instituto Pedagógico Nacional. |
| title_fullStr |
Implementation of the sustainable development goals among fourth grade students of english at Instituto Pedagógico Nacional. |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Implementation of the sustainable development goals among fourth grade students of english at Instituto Pedagógico Nacional. |
| title_sort |
Implementation of the sustainable development goals among fourth grade students of english at Instituto Pedagógico Nacional. |
| dc.creator.fl_str_mv |
Guevara Torres, Stefany Dayana |
| dc.contributor.advisor.spa.fl_str_mv |
Amórtegui González, Óscar Ricardo |
| dc.contributor.author.none.fl_str_mv |
Guevara Torres, Stefany Dayana |
| dc.subject.spa.fl_str_mv |
Objetivos de desarrollo sostenible Enfoque comunicativo Habilidades productivas en inglés |
| topic |
Objetivos de desarrollo sostenible Enfoque comunicativo Habilidades productivas en inglés Sustainable development goals Communicative approach Productive skills |
| dc.subject.keywords.eng.fl_str_mv |
Sustainable development goals Communicative approach Productive skills |
| description |
Este documento presenta la propuesta pedagógica de un proyecto de investigación-acción que tuvo como objetivo presentar e implementar los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible con el fin de mejorar las habilidades productivas en inglés y el pensamiento crítico en el aula de EFL. Los participantes del estudio fueron estudiantes de cuarto grado, entre los 9 y 10 años, del Colegio Instituto Pedagógico Nacional ubicado en Bogotá, Colombia. Los instrumentos implementados durante el proyecto fueron diarios de campo, artefactos, grabaciones de audio y cuestionarios. Las conclusiones del proyecto fueron que los estudiantes se sintieron motivados gracias al trabajo en equipo y fueron capaces de reflexionar acerca de problemáticas sociales presentadas en los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible. Asimismo, se evidenció que los estudiantes mejoraron su pronunciación y habilidades de escritura. |
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2025 |
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2025-06-20T15:10:48Z |
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2025-06-20T15:10:48Z |
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2025 |
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Tesis/Trabajo de grado - Monografía - Pregrado |
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A.Ali-sheir, W; M. Abdel-khal; and E, Nabawy. (2014).Oral Questioning Technique for Developing Critical Thinking Skills in EFL Classroom. Educational Sciences Journal, vol.22, pp.1-23, 2014. http://search.shamaa.org/PDF/Articles/EGJes/JesVol22No1P2Y2014/9JesVol22No1P2Y2014.pdf Al Zahrani, B. & Elyas, T. (2017). The Implementation of Critical Thinking in a Saudi EFL Context: Challenges and Opportunities. Indonesian Journal of English Language Teaching and Applied Linguistics. [Archivo PDF] ]https://ijeltal.org/index.php/ijeltal/article/view/21/16 Burns. A. (2015). Action Research. UNSW Sydney. Corbin. J. Strauss. A. (2015). Basics of Qualitative Research Techniques and Procedures for Developing Grounded Theory. Fourth Edition. SAGE Publications, Inc. http://library.atu.kz/files/50909.pdf Denzin, N. K., & Lincoln, Y. S. (2005). Introduction: The Discipline and Practice of Qualitative Research. In N. K. Denzin & Y. S. Lincoln (Eds.), The Sage handbook of qualitative research (3rd ed., pp. 1–32). Sage Publications Ltd. Espinosa-Torres, D. (2021). Chapter VI. Vlogging through EFL Materials: everyday Life Speaking in a Blended Learning Setting. [Archivo PDF] https://bdigital.uexternado.edu.co/server/api/core/bitstreams/bbe1391f-df9a-407c-ac24-50735489be84/content Facione, P. (2015). Critical Thinking: What It Is and Why It Counts. Insight Assessment. [Archivo PDF] https://www.researchgate.net/publication/251303244_Critical_Thinking_What_It_Is_and_Why_It_Counts Flórez-Mejía, M. (2021). The United Nations´Sustainable Development Goals: Approaching EFL through the affective domain. [Archivo PDF] http://repositorio.pedagogica.edu.co/bitstream/handle/20.500.12209/13413/The%20United%20Nations%20Sustainable%20Development%20Goals.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y García-Reyna, M. & Vega-Ramirez, F. (2021). Framework to Understand the Sustainable Development Goals through the Design Lens. Pontificia Universidad Javeriana. https://webthesis.biblio.polito.it/secure/22969/1/tesi.pdf Given. L.M. (2008). The Sage Encyclopedia of qualitative research methods volumes 1 & 2. SAGE Publications, Inc. Golkova, D. & Hubackovab, S. (2014). Productive skills in second language learning. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences. Volume 143, 14 August 2014, Pages 477-481. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1877042814044486?via%3Dihub Harmer, J. (2007).The Practice of English Language Teaching. PEARSON Longman. Fourth Edition. Iman, J. (2017). Debate Instruction in EFL Classroom: Impacts on the Critical Thinking and Speaking Skill. International Journal of Instruction. Vol.10, No.4. p-ISSN: 1694-609X pp. 87-108 https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1155603.pdf Jalalzai, N. N., Jameel, M., & Ranra, B. (2023). Role of Collaborative Strategies in Enhancing ESL Learners Motivation: A Critical Discourse Analysis. Global Educational. Studies Review, VIII(II), 506-517. https://doi.org/10.31703/gesr.2023(VIII-II).46 Richards. J.C & Rodgers. T.S. (2014). Approaches and methods in language teaching. Cambridge University Press. Third Edition Rodríguez-Chapetón, M. (2018). Enhancing EFL Learners speaking Fluency Through Group Discussions. Universidad Externado de Colombia. https://bdigital.uexternado.edu.co/server/api/core/bitstreams/300df9c7-fb8b-4799-9f82-39eb62d7717e/content Srinivas-Rao, P. (2017). Developing Writing Skills Among The EFL/ESL Learners. Research Journal Of English (RJOE) Vol-2, Issue-3, 2017. https://www.rjoe.org.in/Files/vol2issue3/new/VOL-2,ISSUE-3%20Srinu%20sir%20(52-63).pdf Syah-Putra, A. (2017). The Correlation Between Motivation And Speaking Ability. Journal of English Language Education and Literature. Vol. II No. 1 201. https://media.neliti.com/media/publications/168584-EN-the-correlation-between-motivation-and-s.pdf Turan. S. (2015). Task based learning: a communicative alternative for efl teachers and learners. Middle East Technical University https://omeka.ibu.edu.ba/files/original/376bc1d9ff65ca55c4585a5c512b2400.pdf UN. (2015). Transforming our World: The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. https://sdgs.un.org/publications/transforming-our-world-2030-agenda-sustainable-development-17981 UN.(2020). Building the future: stepping stones in United Nations history. United Nations. https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/4015760?ln=es UNICEF. (05 June 2023). UNICEF names Francisco Vera, 13 year-old activist, as the first youth advocate for environmental and climate action for Latin America and the Caribbean. https://www.unicef.org/lac/en/press-releases/unicef-names-francisco-vera-13-year-old-activist-first-youth-advocate-environmental-and-climate-action-for-lac Universidad Pedagógica Nacional & Instituto Pedagógico Nacional. (2019). PEI PROYECTO EDUCATIVO INSTITUCIONAL. Universidad Pedagógica Nacional. Primera edición. Bogotá.https://www.ipn.edu.co/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/PEI-2019-21-08-20-1.pdf Vega-Munar, Clara. (2021-22). Teaching Sustainable Development Goals in the EFL classroom: a Project-Based Learning in secondary Education. University of the Balearic Islands. https://dspace.uib.es/xmlui/bitstream/handle/11201/161598/tfm_202122_MFPR_cvm969_5085.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y Walter, M. (2009). Participatory Action Research. Social Research Methods. London: The Falmer Press. World Health Organization. (19 April 2021). Greta Thunberg, climate and environment activist, joins World Health Organization’s call for vaccine equity. https://www.who.int/news/item/19-04-2021-greta-thunberg-climate-and-environment-activist-joins-world-health-organization-s-call-for-vaccine-equity |
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Amórtegui González, Óscar RicardoGuevara Torres, Stefany DayanaBogotá, Colombia2025-06-20T15:10:48Z2025-06-20T15:10:48Z2025http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12209/21188instname:Universidad Pedagógica Nacionalreponame: Repositorio Institucional UPNrepourl: http://repositorio.pedagogica.edu.co/Este documento presenta la propuesta pedagógica de un proyecto de investigación-acción que tuvo como objetivo presentar e implementar los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible con el fin de mejorar las habilidades productivas en inglés y el pensamiento crítico en el aula de EFL. Los participantes del estudio fueron estudiantes de cuarto grado, entre los 9 y 10 años, del Colegio Instituto Pedagógico Nacional ubicado en Bogotá, Colombia. Los instrumentos implementados durante el proyecto fueron diarios de campo, artefactos, grabaciones de audio y cuestionarios. Las conclusiones del proyecto fueron que los estudiantes se sintieron motivados gracias al trabajo en equipo y fueron capaces de reflexionar acerca de problemáticas sociales presentadas en los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible. Asimismo, se evidenció que los estudiantes mejoraron su pronunciación y habilidades de escritura.Submitted by Stefany Dayana Guevara Torres (sdguevarat@upn.edu.co) on 2025-06-06T20:24:41Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Implementation of the SDGs.pdf: 2084921 bytes, checksum: 9c7362aa6943f71ee2b8a78acef435d2 (MD5) Licencia de uso.pdf: 878629 bytes, checksum: 8245a67524a5bac8ad6d24edea67c27b (MD5)Rejected by Biblioteca UPN (repositoriobiblioteca@pedagogica.edu.co), reason: Eliminar consentimientos on 2025-06-06T20:57:36Z (GMT)Submitted by Stefany Dayana Guevara Torres (sdguevarat@upn.edu.co) on 2025-06-06T21:01:47Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Licencia de uso.pdf: 878629 bytes, checksum: 8245a67524a5bac8ad6d24edea67c27b (MD5) Implementation of the SDGs.pdf: 1924648 bytes, checksum: 847cdacd75ed9d8cecc070ef96b8a88d (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Biblioteca UPN (repositoriobiblioteca@pedagogica.edu.co) on 2025-06-06T21:06:03Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Licencia de uso.pdf: 878629 bytes, checksum: 8245a67524a5bac8ad6d24edea67c27b (MD5) Implementation of the SDGs.pdf: 1924648 bytes, checksum: 847cdacd75ed9d8cecc070ef96b8a88d (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Elsy Carolina Martínez (ecmartinezb@pedagogica.edu.co) on 2025-06-20T15:10:48Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Licencia de uso.pdf: 878629 bytes, checksum: 8245a67524a5bac8ad6d24edea67c27b (MD5) Implementation of the SDGs.pdf: 1924648 bytes, checksum: 847cdacd75ed9d8cecc070ef96b8a88d (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2025-06-20T15:10:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Licencia de uso.pdf: 878629 bytes, checksum: 8245a67524a5bac8ad6d24edea67c27b (MD5) Implementation of the SDGs.pdf: 1924648 bytes, checksum: 847cdacd75ed9d8cecc070ef96b8a88d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2025Licenciado en Español y Lenguas ExtranjerasPregradoThis document presents a pedagogical proposal of an action research project that aimed to present and implement the Sustainable Development Goals to improve the English productive skills and critical thinking in the EFL classroom. The study participants were fourth graders between 9 and 10 years old from Instituto Pedagógico Nacional School located in Bogotá, Colombia. The instruments implemented during the project were field notes, artifacts, audio recordings and questionnaires. The conclusions of the project were that students felt motivated because of teamwork and were able to reflect on social issues presented in the Sustainable Development Goals Additionally, it was shown that students improved their pronunciation and writing skills.Línea de Inglésapplication/pdfengUniversidad Pedagógica NacionalLicenciatura en Español y Lenguas ExtranjerasFacultad de Humanidadeshttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 InternationalObjetivos de desarrollo sostenibleEnfoque comunicativoHabilidades productivas en inglésSustainable development goalsCommunicative approachProductive skillsImplementation of the sustainable development goals among fourth grade students of english at Instituto Pedagógico Nacional.Tesis/Trabajo de grado - Monografía - Pregradohttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_7a1finfo:eu-repo/semantics/bachelorThesisA.Ali-sheir, W; M. Abdel-khal; and E, Nabawy. (2014).Oral Questioning Technique for Developing Critical Thinking Skills in EFL Classroom. Educational Sciences Journal, vol.22, pp.1-23, 2014. http://search.shamaa.org/PDF/Articles/EGJes/JesVol22No1P2Y2014/9JesVol22No1P2Y2014.pdfAl Zahrani, B. & Elyas, T. (2017). The Implementation of Critical Thinking in a Saudi EFL Context: Challenges and Opportunities. Indonesian Journal of English Language Teaching and Applied Linguistics. [Archivo PDF] ]https://ijeltal.org/index.php/ijeltal/article/view/21/16Burns. A. (2015). Action Research. UNSW Sydney.Corbin. J. Strauss. A. (2015). Basics of Qualitative Research Techniques and Procedures for Developing Grounded Theory. Fourth Edition. SAGE Publications, Inc. http://library.atu.kz/files/50909.pdfDenzin, N. K., & Lincoln, Y. S. (2005). Introduction: The Discipline and Practice of Qualitative Research. In N. K. Denzin & Y. S. Lincoln (Eds.), The Sage handbook of qualitative research (3rd ed., pp. 1–32). Sage Publications Ltd.Espinosa-Torres, D. (2021). Chapter VI. Vlogging through EFL Materials: everyday Life Speaking in a Blended Learning Setting. [Archivo PDF] https://bdigital.uexternado.edu.co/server/api/core/bitstreams/bbe1391f-df9a-407c-ac24-50735489be84/contentFacione, P. (2015). Critical Thinking: What It Is and Why It Counts. Insight Assessment. [Archivo PDF] https://www.researchgate.net/publication/251303244_Critical_Thinking_What_It_Is_and_Why_It_CountsFlórez-Mejía, M. (2021). The United Nations´Sustainable Development Goals: Approaching EFL through the affective domain. [Archivo PDF] http://repositorio.pedagogica.edu.co/bitstream/handle/20.500.12209/13413/The%20United%20Nations%20Sustainable%20Development%20Goals.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=yGarcía-Reyna, M. & Vega-Ramirez, F. (2021). Framework to Understand the Sustainable Development Goals through the Design Lens. Pontificia Universidad Javeriana. https://webthesis.biblio.polito.it/secure/22969/1/tesi.pdfGiven. L.M. (2008). The Sage Encyclopedia of qualitative research methods volumes 1 & 2. SAGE Publications, Inc.Golkova, D. & Hubackovab, S. (2014). Productive skills in second language learning. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences. Volume 143, 14 August 2014, Pages 477-481. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1877042814044486?via%3DihubHarmer, J. (2007).The Practice of English Language Teaching. PEARSON Longman. Fourth Edition.Iman, J. (2017). Debate Instruction in EFL Classroom: Impacts on the Critical Thinking and Speaking Skill. International Journal of Instruction. Vol.10, No.4. p-ISSN: 1694-609X pp. 87-108 https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1155603.pdfJalalzai, N. N., Jameel, M., & Ranra, B. (2023). Role of Collaborative Strategies in Enhancing ESL Learners Motivation: A Critical Discourse Analysis. Global Educational. Studies Review, VIII(II), 506-517. https://doi.org/10.31703/gesr.2023(VIII-II).46Richards. J.C & Rodgers. T.S. (2014). Approaches and methods in language teaching. Cambridge University Press. Third EditionRodríguez-Chapetón, M. (2018). Enhancing EFL Learners speaking Fluency Through Group Discussions. Universidad Externado de Colombia. https://bdigital.uexternado.edu.co/server/api/core/bitstreams/300df9c7-fb8b-4799-9f82-39eb62d7717e/contentSrinivas-Rao, P. (2017). Developing Writing Skills Among The EFL/ESL Learners. Research Journal Of English (RJOE) Vol-2, Issue-3, 2017. https://www.rjoe.org.in/Files/vol2issue3/new/VOL-2,ISSUE-3%20Srinu%20sir%20(52-63).pdfSyah-Putra, A. (2017). The Correlation Between Motivation And Speaking Ability. Journal of English Language Education and Literature. Vol. II No. 1 201. https://media.neliti.com/media/publications/168584-EN-the-correlation-between-motivation-and-s.pdfTuran. S. (2015). Task based learning: a communicative alternative for efl teachers and learners. Middle East Technical University https://omeka.ibu.edu.ba/files/original/376bc1d9ff65ca55c4585a5c512b2400.pdfUN. (2015). Transforming our World: The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. https://sdgs.un.org/publications/transforming-our-world-2030-agenda-sustainable-development-17981UN.(2020). Building the future: stepping stones in United Nations history. United Nations. https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/4015760?ln=esUNICEF. (05 June 2023). UNICEF names Francisco Vera, 13 year-old activist, as the first youth advocate for environmental and climate action for Latin America and the Caribbean. https://www.unicef.org/lac/en/press-releases/unicef-names-francisco-vera-13-year-old-activist-first-youth-advocate-environmental-and-climate-action-for-lacUniversidad Pedagógica Nacional & Instituto Pedagógico Nacional. (2019). PEI PROYECTO EDUCATIVO INSTITUCIONAL. Universidad Pedagógica Nacional. Primera edición. Bogotá.https://www.ipn.edu.co/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/PEI-2019-21-08-20-1.pdfVega-Munar, Clara. (2021-22). Teaching Sustainable Development Goals in the EFL classroom: a Project-Based Learning in secondary Education. University of the Balearic Islands. https://dspace.uib.es/xmlui/bitstream/handle/11201/161598/tfm_202122_MFPR_cvm969_5085.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=yWalter, M. (2009). Participatory Action Research. Social Research Methods. London: The Falmer Press.World Health Organization. (19 April 2021). Greta Thunberg, climate and environment activist, joins World Health Organization’s call for vaccine equity. https://www.who.int/news/item/19-04-2021-greta-thunberg-climate-and-environment-activist-joins-world-health-organization-s-call-for-vaccine-equityTHUMBNAILImplementation of the SDGs.pdf.jpgImplementation of the SDGs.pdf.jpgIM Thumbnailimage/jpeg2205http://repository.pedagogica.edu.co/bitstream/20.500.12209/21188/7/Implementation%20of%20the%20SDGs.pdf.jpg456fdc6d6cfb99273228a5ed43e77af4MD57LICENSElicense.txtlicense.txttext/plain; charset=utf-81748http://repository.pedagogica.edu.co/bitstream/20.500.12209/21188/5/license.txt8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33MD55202503250112993-05 JUN 25 STEFANY GUEVARA.pdf202503250112993-05 JUN 25 STEFANY GUEVARA.pdfLICENCIA APROBADAapplication/pdf878629http://repository.pedagogica.edu.co/bitstream/20.500.12209/21188/6/202503250112993-05%20JUN%2025%20STEFANY%20GUEVARA.pdf8245a67524a5bac8ad6d24edea67c27bMD56ORIGINALImplementation of the SDGs.pdfImplementation of the SDGs.pdfapplication/pdf1924648http://repository.pedagogica.edu.co/bitstream/20.500.12209/21188/4/Implementation%20of%20the%20SDGs.pdf847cdacd75ed9d8cecc070ef96b8a88dMD5420.500.12209/21188oai:repository.pedagogica.edu.co:20.500.12209/211882025-06-20 23:00:40.955Repositorio Institucional Universidad Pedagógica Nacionalrepositorio@pedagogica.edu.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 |