Pasant�a en el Laboratorio de Biotecnolog�a Animal de la Facultad De Ciencias Agrarias del Polit�cnico Colombiano Jaime Isaza Cadavid
1 recurso en línea (79 páginas) : ilustraciones color, tablas, figuras.
- Autores:
-
Maldonado Castro, Gerardo Antonio
- Tipo de recurso:
- Trabajo de grado de pregrado
- Fecha de publicación:
- 2018
- Institución:
- Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia
- Repositorio:
- RiUPTC: Repositorio Institucional UPTC
- Idioma:
- spa
- OAI Identifier:
- oai:repositorio.uptc.edu.co:001/2336
- Acceso en línea:
- http://repositorio.uptc.edu.co/handle/001/2336
- Palabra clave:
- Mejoramiento gen�tico
Obstetricia veterinaria
Reproducci�n animal
Embriolog�a
Transplante de embriones
Inseminaci�n artificial
Inseminaci�n
Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia - Tesis y disertaciones acad�micas
Agrosavia
- Rights
- openAccess
- License
- Copyright (c) 2018 Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia
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Pasant�a en el Laboratorio de Biotecnolog�a Animal de la Facultad De Ciencias Agrarias del Polit�cnico Colombiano Jaime Isaza Cadavid |
| title |
Pasant�a en el Laboratorio de Biotecnolog�a Animal de la Facultad De Ciencias Agrarias del Polit�cnico Colombiano Jaime Isaza Cadavid |
| spellingShingle |
Pasant�a en el Laboratorio de Biotecnolog�a Animal de la Facultad De Ciencias Agrarias del Polit�cnico Colombiano Jaime Isaza Cadavid Mejoramiento gen�tico Obstetricia veterinaria Reproducci�n animal Embriolog�a Transplante de embriones Inseminaci�n artificial Inseminaci�n Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia - Tesis y disertaciones acad�micas Agrosavia |
| title_short |
Pasant�a en el Laboratorio de Biotecnolog�a Animal de la Facultad De Ciencias Agrarias del Polit�cnico Colombiano Jaime Isaza Cadavid |
| title_full |
Pasant�a en el Laboratorio de Biotecnolog�a Animal de la Facultad De Ciencias Agrarias del Polit�cnico Colombiano Jaime Isaza Cadavid |
| title_fullStr |
Pasant�a en el Laboratorio de Biotecnolog�a Animal de la Facultad De Ciencias Agrarias del Polit�cnico Colombiano Jaime Isaza Cadavid |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Pasant�a en el Laboratorio de Biotecnolog�a Animal de la Facultad De Ciencias Agrarias del Polit�cnico Colombiano Jaime Isaza Cadavid |
| title_sort |
Pasant�a en el Laboratorio de Biotecnolog�a Animal de la Facultad De Ciencias Agrarias del Polit�cnico Colombiano Jaime Isaza Cadavid |
| dc.creator.fl_str_mv |
Maldonado Castro, Gerardo Antonio |
| dc.contributor.advisor.spa.fl_str_mv |
Porras Vargas, Jos� Luis G�mez Oquendo, Jorge |
| dc.contributor.author.none.fl_str_mv |
Maldonado Castro, Gerardo Antonio |
| dc.subject.armarc.none.fl_str_mv |
Mejoramiento gen�tico Obstetricia veterinaria Reproducci�n animal Embriolog�a Transplante de embriones Inseminaci�n artificial Inseminaci�n Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia - Tesis y disertaciones acad�micas |
| topic |
Mejoramiento gen�tico Obstetricia veterinaria Reproducci�n animal Embriolog�a Transplante de embriones Inseminaci�n artificial Inseminaci�n Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia - Tesis y disertaciones acad�micas Agrosavia |
| dc.subject.armarc.spa.fl_str_mv |
Agrosavia |
| description |
1 recurso en línea (79 páginas) : ilustraciones color, tablas, figuras. |
| publishDate |
2018 |
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2018-12-12T14:29:57Z |
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2018-12-12T14:29:57Z |
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2018 |
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Trabajo de grado - Pregrado |
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Trabajo de grado pregrados |
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Maldonado Castro, G. A. (2018). Pasant�a en el Laboratorio de Biotecnolog�a Animal de la Facultad De Ciencias Agrarias del Polit�cnico Colombiano Jaime Isaza Cadavid. (Trabajo de pregrado). Universidad Pedag�gica y Tecnol�gica de Colombia, Tunja. http://repositorio.uptc.edu.co/handle/001/2336 |
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Maldonado Castro, G. A. (2018). Pasant�a en el Laboratorio de Biotecnolog�a Animal de la Facultad De Ciencias Agrarias del Polit�cnico Colombiano Jaime Isaza Cadavid. (Trabajo de pregrado). Universidad Pedag�gica y Tecnol�gica de Colombia, Tunja. http://repositorio.uptc.edu.co/handle/001/2336 |
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http://repositorio.uptc.edu.co/handle/001/2336 |
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Avery, B., Greve, T. 1995. Impact of percoll� on bovine spermatozoa usedfor in vitro insemination. Theriogenology. Vol. 44, pp.871-878. Ball GD, Coulan CB, FieldCS, Harms RW, Thie JT, Byers AP. 1985. Effects of serumsource on human fertilization and embryonic growth parameters in vitro. Fertil Steril. 44:75-79. Bavister BD. 1992. Co-culture forembryo development: is it really necessary? Human Reproduction: 10:1339-1341. Brackett, B. D., Oliphant, G. 1975. Capacitation of rabbit spermatozoa in vitro. Biol. Reprod. Vol. 12, pp. 260-274. B�ez Contreras, Francisco J, Ch�vez Corona, Adeymi C, Hern�ndez Fonseca, Hugo J, & Villamediana Monreal, Patricia C. 2010. Evaluation of in vitro development capacity of bovine oocytes obtained from predominantly Bos taurus and Bos indicus cows. Revista Cient�fica, 20(3), 259-267. Recuperado, febrero de 2018, de http://www.scielo.org.ve/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0798- 22592010000300007&lng=es&tlng=en Cabodevila J., Teruel M,. 2001. Criopreservaci�n de embriones bovinos. En: Biotecnolog�a de la reproducci�n. (ed.) Instituto Nacional de Tecnolog�a Agropecuaria INTA. Argentina, pp. 149-174 Cabrera P., Fern�ndez A. 2006. Criopreservaci�n de Embriones: una herramienta b�sica en la Reproducci�n Asistida. Revista de la Facultad de Ciencias Veterinaria Central de Venezuela 2009. Venezuela. Publicado en Crio protectores. Publicado en internet, disponible en Revista de la Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Universidad Central de Venezuela. Catena, M; Cabodevila, J. 1999. Evaluaci�n del semen bovino.Simposio Internacional de Reproduccion Bovina (UNCPBA).Tandil. Taurus. 1(3):18-31. Recuperado, febrero de 2018, de http://www2.scielo.org.ve/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0258- 65762006000200001&lng=es&nrm=iso Activo agosto 2009 Colenbrander, B.; Gadella, B.; Stout, T. 2003. The predictive value of semen analysis in the evaluation of the stallion fertility. Reprod. Dom. Anim. 38(4):305- 311. Crespo J.L y Guam�n E. G. 2015. Fertilizaci�n in vitro en bovinos en el Laboratorio de Reproducci�n Animal de Zamorano utilizando el protocolo de Genes Difusi�n. Tesis de pregrado en Ingenier�a Agron�mica. Escuela Agr�cola Panamericana, Zamorano Honduras. Cruz P, Medina V, Robles, Velasco Y. 2006 Evaluaci�n de diferentes crioprotectores para la crioconservaci�n de espermatozoides de yam� (Bryconamazonicus). Revista Colombiana de Ciencias Pecuarias. 2006; 19(2):153-159. Eagle H. 1959. Amino acid metabolis minmammalian cells. Science 130:432- 437. FAO. 2012. Ganader�a Mundial 2011. La ganader�a en la seguridad alimentaria (en l�nea). Roma, FAO. Recuperado, febrero de 2018; Disponible en: http://www.fao.org/docrep/016/i2373s/i2373s00.pdf Fern�ndez, Adriana, D�az, Tha�s, & Mu�oz, Gladys. 2007. Producci�n In vitro de Embriones Bovinos. Revista de la Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, 48(1), 51-60. Recuperado en 03 de febrero de 2018, de http://www.scielo.org.ve/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0258- 65762007000100006&lng=es&tlng=es. Fry, R. C., Niall, E. M., Simpson, T. L., Squires, T. J., Reynolds, J. 1997. The collection of oocytes from bovine ovaries. Theriogenology. Vol. 47, pp. 977-987. Fukuda, Y., Ichikawa, M., Naito, K., Toyoda, Y. 1990. Birth of normal calves resulting from bovine oocytes matured, fertilized, and cultured with cumulus cells in vitro up to blastocyst stage. Biol. Reprod. Vol. 42, pp. 114-119. GandolfiF, BreviniTA, MoorRM. 1989. Effect of oviduct environment on embryonic development. J ReprodFert. 38:107-115. Gardner, HG, Kaye PL. 1991. Insulinincreases cell numbers andmorphological development inmouse pre-implantationembryos in vitro. ReprodFert Dev 3:79- 91. Geshi, M., Takenouchi, N., Yameuchi,N., Nagai,T. 2000. Effect of sodium piruvate in nonserum maturation medium o maduration, fertilization, and subsequent development of bovine oocytes with or without cumulus cells. Biology of reproduction,63: 1730-1734. Gilardi SGT, Pinho TG, Martins CB. Per�metro escrotal caracter�sticas do s�men de touros Nelore aos 18 meses de idade. Rev Bras Cienc Vet. 2001;8:13-15. Gordon, I., y K.H. Lu. 1990. Production of embryos in vitro and it's impact on livestock production. Theriogenology 33:77-87. Graham, J.; Moc�, E. 2005. Fertility evaluation of frozen/thawed semen. Theriogenology. 64:492-504. Gutierrez Adan A, Granados J, Pintado B y De laFuente J. 2001. Influence of the glucose onthe sex ratio of bovine IVM-IVFembryos culturedin vitro. Reprod. F�rtil. & Develop. 13, 361-365. Hazeleger, N.L., D. J. Hill, R.B. Stubbings y J.S. Walton. 1995. Relationship of morphology and follicular fluid environment of oocytes to their developmental potential in vitro.Theriogenology, 43:502-509. Hidalgo, C; Tamargo, C; Diez, C. 2005. An�lisis del semen bovino. Asturias, Espa�a. Informaci�n ganadera. 39 Bolet�n Informativo SERIDA. No. 2. p. 39-43 Hofig, A, Simmen FA, Simmen RCM. 1990. Effects of dihydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), insulin-like growthfactor(IGF-1), Insulin(I) onestradiol productionby porcine conceptuses in vitro. Biol Reprod. 42 (Suppl. 1), 135. Hyttel, P., Xu, K. P., Smith, S., Greve, T. 1986. Ultrastructure of in vitro oocyte maturation in cattle.J. Reprod. Fert. Vol. 78, pp. 615-625. Recuperado, febrero de 2018, de http://www.monografias.com/trabajos903/vitrificacion tecnicacrioconservacion/vitrificacion-tecnica-crioconservacion2.shtml Kastelic JP, Cook RB, Pierson RA, Coulter GH. Relationships among scrotal and testicular characteristics, sperm production, and seminal quality in 129 beef bulls. Can J Vet Res. 2001;65(2):111-5. Kane MT. 1988. The effects of water-soluble vitamins on the expansion of rabbit blastocysts in vitro. J Exp Zool. 245:220-223. Keskintepe L, Clay A, Burnley y Brackett BG. 1995. Production of viable bovine blastocysts indefined in vitro conditions. Biol Reprod. 52:1410-1417. Kim JH, Funahashi H, Niwa K, , Okuda K. 1993. Glucose requirement at different developmental stages of in vitro fertilized bovine embryos cultured in semi-definedmedium. Theriogenology 37:875-886. KobayashiK, SatohT, Yamashita, S, Hoshi, H. 1994. Low oxygen level and glucose improves the development of fertilized bovine oocytes in defined medium without somatic cells. In vitro cell Dev Biol. 30A:556-558. Kruip Tham, boni R, Wurth YA, Roelofsen MWM, mc Pieterse 1994 potential use of ovum pick-up for embryoproduction and breeding in cattle therionology 42,675-684. Kuwayama, M.; Hamano, S.; Nagai, T. 1992. Vitrification of bovine blastocysts obtained by in vitro culture of oocytes matured and fertilized in vitro. J. Reprod. Fert. 96:187-193 Lane M, Gardner DK. 1997. Mouse embryo development is differentially regulated by amino acids. J ReprodFertil 109:153-164. Leese HJ. 1988. The formation and function of oviduct fluid. J ReprodFert. 82:843-856. Leifried, L.,First, N 1979. Characterization of bovine follicular oocytes and their ability to mature in vitro.J Anim. Sc 48:76-83. Leibfried-Rutledge, M. L., Critser, E. S., First, N. L. 1986. Effects of fetal calf serum and bovine serum albumin on in vitro maturation and fertilization of bovine and hamster cumulus-oocyte complexes. Biol. Reprod. 35:850-857 Lehninger, AL. 1975. Biochemistry. WorthPublishers, NewYork. Leoni, G.; Bogliolo, L.; Berlinguer, E; Rosati, L; Pintus, P P; Ledda, S.; Naitana, S. 2002. Defined media for vitrification, warming, and rehydration: effects on post-thaw protein synthesis and viability of in vitro derived ovine embryos. Cryobiology 45:204-2012. Lessley, B. A., Garner, D. L. 1983. Isolation of motile spermatozoa by density radient centrifugation in percoll. Gamate Res. Vol. 7, pp. 49-65. Lonergan, P.,Rizos,D., Kanka,L., Nemcova,L., Mbaye,AM., Kingston,M., Wade,M., Duffy,P., Boland,M. 2003. Temporal sensitivity of bovine embryos to culture environment after fertilization and the implications for blastocyst quality. Reproduction 126,337�346. Lonergan,P.,Vergos, E., Kinis,A.,Sharif,H., Gordon,I. 1991. The effect of recovery method o the type of bovine oocytes obtained for IVM.Theriogenology,35:231. Lonergan, P.,Rizos,D., Kanka,L., Nemcova,L., Mbaye,AM., Kingston,M., Wade,M., Duffy,P., Boland,M. 2003. Temporal sensitivity of bovine embryos to culture environment after fertilization and the implications for blastocyst quality. Reproduction Lu, K. H., Gordon, I., Gallager, M., Mcgovern, H. 1987. Pregnancy established in cattle by transfer of embryos derived from in vitro fertilization of oocytes matured in vitro. Vet. Rec. Vol. 121, pp. 259-260. Madan, M.L. 2005. Animal biotechnology: applications and economic implication in developing countries. Revue Scientifique et Technique Office International Des Epizooties 24(1): 123-139. Marguant-Le Guienne B, Gerard M, Solari A y Thibault C. 1989. In vitro culture of bovine eggs fertilized eitherinvivo or in vitro. ReprodNutrDev 29:559-568. Massip, A.; Van Der Zwalmen, P; Ecotrs, E. 1987. Recent progress in cryopreservation of cattle embryos. Theriogenology 27:69-79 Morillo, M; Salazar, S; Castillo, E. 2012. Evaluaci�n del potencial reproductivo del macho bovino. Maracay, VE, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Agr�colas. 60 p. Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Agropecuarias Niwa, K., Ohoda, O. 1988. Synergistic effect of caffeine and heparin on in-vitro fertilization of cattle oocytes matured in culture. Theriogenology. Vol. 30, pp. 733-741. Oyuela L.A. y Jimenez C, 2010. Factores que afectan la tasa de pre�ez en programas de transferencia de embriones. Med. Vet. Zoot. 2010. 57:191-200 P�gina Web del Polit�cnico Colombiano JAIME ISAZA CADAVID. Recuperado, febrero de 2018, de http://www.politecnicojic.edu.co/index.php/laboratoriosagrarias. Palasz AT, Tornesi MB, Archer J y Mapletoft RJ. 1995. Media alternatives for the collection, culture and freezing of mouse and cattle embryos. Theriogenology 44:705-714. Parrish, J. J., Susko-Parrish, J., Leibfried-Rutledge, M. L., Crister, E. S., Eyestone, W. H., First, N. L. 1986. Bovine in vitro fertilization with frozenthawed semen. Theriogenology. Vol. 25, pp. 591-600. Pel�ez, V.A 2011. Producci�n in vitro de embriones bovinos. Monograf�a Universidad de Cuenca, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia. Ecuador. Ral1, W E; Fahy, G. M. 1985. Ice-free cryopreservation of mouse embryo at - 196�- C by vitrification. Nature 313:573- 575 Reyes, S. 1995. Fecundaci�n in vitro: Una nueva reproducci�n. Revista de Extensi�n TecnoVet. 2 (1): 1-3. Riddel KP, Stringfellow DA Gray BW, Riddel, JrMG. 1985. Effects of antibiotics ondevelopment capacity of bovine embryos. Bov Pract. 30:94. Rieger D, Loskutoff NM, Betteridge KJ. 1992. The protective action of betaine on the metabolism of glucose and glutamine by cattle embryos produced and co-culture in vitro. J ReprodFertil. 95:585-595. Roberts, SJ. 1986. Veterinary obstetric and genital diseases (Theriogenology). 3 ed. Beltsville, EE UU. p. 488-513 Rodriguez-Martinez, H., Larsson, B., Pertoft, H. 1997. Evaluation of sperm damage and techniques for sperm clean-up. Reprod. Fertil. Dev. Vol. 9, pp. 297-308. Rossi CR, Bridgman BS, y Kiesel GK. 1990. Viral contamination of bovine fetal lung cultures and bovine fetal serum. Am. J. Vet. Res. 41:1680-1681. Ruiz, J, Correa, JE, & Mart�nez, M. 2010. Vitrification of bovine oocytes and its use in the parthenogenetic development of embryos. Archivos de medicina veterinaria, 42(1), 79-83. https://dx.doi.org/10.4067/S0301- 732X2010000100011 Saha, S.; Otoi, T; Takagi, M.; Boediono, A.; Sumantri, C.; Suzuki, T 1996. Normal calves obtained after direct transfer of vitrified bovine embryos using ethylene glycol, trehalosa, and polyvinylpyrrol�done. Cryobiology 33:291-299. Saito, N.; Imai, K.; Tomizawa, M. 1994. Effect of sugars addition on the survival of vitrified bovine blastocysts produced in vitro. Theriogenology 41:1053-1060. Salisbury, GW; Van Demark, NL; Lodge, JR. 1982. Fisiolog�a de la reproducci�n e inseminaci�n artificial de los b�vidos. 2 ed. Zaragoza, Espa�a. Acribia. p. 419-565 S�nchez, R., Risopatron, J., Sepulveda, G., Pe�a, P., Miska, W. 1995. Evaluation of the acrosomal membrane in bovine spermatozoa effects of proteinase inhibitors. Theriogenology. Vol. 43, pp. 761-768. Shamsuddin M. 1993. In vitro Fertilization In The Bovine. PhD Thesis. Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences. Faculty of Veterinary Medicine. Sport, L; Carpenter, B; Thrift,T. 2009. Evaluaci�n de la capacidad reproductiva de sementales Bos indicus y sus cruces en diferentes �pocas del a�o en Tuzantla, Michoaclan. Tesina. Mexico. Universidad de Michoacana de san nicolas de Hidalgo. p. 49-70 Steeves TE, Gardner DK. 1999. Temporal and differential effects of amino acids on bovine embryo development in culture. Biol Reprod61;731-740. Stubbings, R. B., Wosik, G. P.1991. Glass wool versus swim-up separation of bovine spermatozoa for in vitro fertilization. Theriogenology. Vol. 35 pp. 276. TakahashiY, First NL. 1992. In vitro development of bovine one-cell embryos; influence of glucose, lactate, pyruvate, amino acids and vitamins. Theriogenology 37:963-978. Tea, N. T., Jondet, M., Scholler, R. 1983. Proc�de d'isilement des spermatozoides mobiles de sperme humain per la m�thode de migrations�dimentation. Pathol. Biol. Vol. 31, pp. 688-690. Tervit HR, Whittingham DG, Rowson, LEA. 1972. Successful culture in vitro of sheep andcattle ova. J ReprodFert; 30:493-497. Urrego R., Tarazona A., Olivera M., Camargo, O. 2008. Simplificaci�n de la fertilizaci�n de ovocitos durante la producci�n in vitro de embriones bovinos. Rev Colomb Cienc Pecu; 21:398-405 Utsumi K., Kato, H., Iritani, A. 1981. Full-term development of bovine follicular oocytes matured in culture and fertilized in vitro. Theriogenology. Vol. 35, pp. 695-703. UTSUMI, K. L. Vajta, G.; Holm, P; Kuwayama, M.; Booth, P J.; Jacobsen, H.; Greve, T; Callesen, H. 1998. Open Pulled Straw (OPS) vitrification: a new way to reduce cryoinjuries of bovine ova and embryos. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 51:53-58. Xu, K.P., H.C. Greve, y P. Hyttel. 1987. Co-culture of granulose cells with or without estrogens .J. Reprod. Fertil. 81: 501-504. Vajta, G.; Rindom, N.; Peura, T; Holm, P; Greve, T; Callensen, H. 1999. The effect of media, serum and temperature on in vitro suvival of bovine blastocysts after open pulled straw (OPS) vitrification. Theriogenology 52:939-948. Vera Mu�oz, O. 2001. T�cnicas de laboratorio para la evaluaci�n del semental bovino. Seminario Internacional sobre biotecnolog�a y patolog�a reproductiva del bovino (1, 2001, Maracay, VE). Maracay, VE. IRAIA, FCV, UCV. p. 504-508 Vera, O; Bastidas, P. 1999. An�lisis cromos�mico y seminal de sementales Brahman de la Estaci�n Experimental La Cumaca. Congreso Nacional de Ciencias Veterinarias. (4, 1999, Maracaibo,VE). Maracaibo, VE. p. 505-509 Wowk, B.; Leitl, E.; Rasch, C. M; Mesbah-Karimi, N.; Harris, S.; Fahy, G. M. 2000. Vitrification enhancement by synthetic ice blocking agents. Cryobiology 40:228-236 Yanagimachi, R. 1981. Mechanisms of fertilization in mammals. En fertilization and embryonic development in vitro. Plenum Press, New York, NY, pp. 81-182. Yang BK, Yang X, Foote RH. 1993. Effect of growth factors on development of IVM/IVF bovine embryos. Theriogenology 39:343. |
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Porras Vargas, Jos� LuisG�mez Oquendo, JorgeMaldonado Castro, Gerardo Antonio2018-12-12T14:29:57Z2018-12-12T14:29:57Z2018Maldonado Castro, G. A. (2018). Pasant�a en el Laboratorio de Biotecnolog�a Animal de la Facultad De Ciencias Agrarias del Polit�cnico Colombiano Jaime Isaza Cadavid. (Trabajo de pregrado). Universidad Pedag�gica y Tecnol�gica de Colombia, Tunja. http://repositorio.uptc.edu.co/handle/001/2336http://repositorio.uptc.edu.co/handle/001/23361 recurso en línea (79 páginas) : ilustraciones color, tablas, figuras.La realizaci�n de la pasant�a en el laboratorio de biotecnolog�a animal del Polit�cnico Colombiano Jaime Isaza Cadavid permiti� conocer, aprender y tomar destreza en los procesos de biotecnolog�a reproductiva que se llevan a cabo en este lugar, tales como inseminaci�n artificial, criopreservaci�n de semen, sexado de espermatozoides, s�per ovulaci�n, transferencia de embriones, fertilizaci�n in vitro (FIV) y clonaci�n, son usadas para mejorar la eficiencia reproductiva.Bibliograf�a y webgraf�a: p�ginas 71-79.PregradoPregradoM�dico Veterinario y ZootecnistaM�dico Veterinario Zootecnistaapplication/pdfspaUniversidad pedag�gica y Tecnol�gica de ColombiaUniversidad Pedag�gica y Tecnol�gica de ColombiaUniversidad Pedag�gica y Tecnol�gica de ColombiaEscuela de Medicina Veterinaria y ZootecniaFacultad de Ciencias AgropecuariasFacultad de Ciencias AgropecuariasTunjaMedicina Veterinaria y ZootecniaSede principal - TunjaCopyright (c) 2018 Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombiahttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessAtribución-NoComercial 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-NC 4.0)http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2Pasant�a en el Laboratorio de Biotecnolog�a Animal de la Facultad De Ciencias Agrarias del Polit�cnico Colombiano Jaime Isaza CadavidTrabajo de grado - PregradoTrabajo de grado pregradoshttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_7a1finfo:eu-repo/semantics/bachelorThesisinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionTexthttps://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/TPhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85Avery, B., Greve, T. 1995. Impact of percoll� on bovine spermatozoa usedfor in vitro insemination. Theriogenology. Vol. 44, pp.871-878.Ball GD, Coulan CB, FieldCS, Harms RW, Thie JT, Byers AP. 1985. Effects of serumsource on human fertilization and embryonic growth parameters in vitro. Fertil Steril. 44:75-79.Bavister BD. 1992. Co-culture forembryo development: is it really necessary? Human Reproduction: 10:1339-1341.Brackett, B. D., Oliphant, G. 1975. Capacitation of rabbit spermatozoa in vitro. Biol. Reprod. Vol. 12, pp. 260-274.B�ez Contreras, Francisco J, Ch�vez Corona, Adeymi C, Hern�ndez Fonseca, Hugo J, & Villamediana Monreal, Patricia C. 2010. Evaluation of in vitro development capacity of bovine oocytes obtained from predominantly Bos taurus and Bos indicus cows. Revista Cient�fica, 20(3), 259-267. Recuperado, febrero de 2018, de http://www.scielo.org.ve/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0798- 22592010000300007&lng=es&tlng=enCabodevila J., Teruel M,. 2001. Criopreservaci�n de embriones bovinos. En: Biotecnolog�a de la reproducci�n. (ed.) Instituto Nacional de Tecnolog�a Agropecuaria INTA. Argentina, pp. 149-174Cabrera P., Fern�ndez A. 2006. Criopreservaci�n de Embriones: una herramienta b�sica en la Reproducci�n Asistida. Revista de la Facultad de Ciencias Veterinaria Central de Venezuela 2009. Venezuela. Publicado en Crio protectores. Publicado en internet, disponible en Revista de la Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Universidad Central de Venezuela.Catena, M; Cabodevila, J. 1999. Evaluaci�n del semen bovino.Simposio Internacional de Reproduccion Bovina (UNCPBA).Tandil. Taurus. 1(3):18-31. Recuperado, febrero de 2018, de http://www2.scielo.org.ve/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0258- 65762006000200001&lng=es&nrm=iso Activo agosto 2009Colenbrander, B.; Gadella, B.; Stout, T. 2003. The predictive value of semen analysis in the evaluation of the stallion fertility. Reprod. Dom. Anim. 38(4):305- 311.Crespo J.L y Guam�n E. G. 2015. 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Defined media for vitrification, warming, and rehydration: effects on post-thaw protein synthesis and viability of in vitro derived ovine embryos. Cryobiology 45:204-2012.Lessley, B. A., Garner, D. L. 1983. Isolation of motile spermatozoa by density radient centrifugation in percoll. Gamate Res. Vol. 7, pp. 49-65.Lonergan, P.,Rizos,D., Kanka,L., Nemcova,L., Mbaye,AM., Kingston,M., Wade,M., Duffy,P., Boland,M. 2003. Temporal sensitivity of bovine embryos to culture environment after fertilization and the implications for blastocyst quality. Reproduction 126,337�346.Lonergan,P.,Vergos, E., Kinis,A.,Sharif,H., Gordon,I. 1991. The effect of recovery method o the type of bovine oocytes obtained for IVM.Theriogenology,35:231.Lonergan, P.,Rizos,D., Kanka,L., Nemcova,L., Mbaye,AM., Kingston,M., Wade,M., Duffy,P., Boland,M. 2003. Temporal sensitivity of bovine embryos to culture environment after fertilization and the implications for blastocyst quality. ReproductionLu, K. H., Gordon, I., Gallager, M., Mcgovern, H. 1987. Pregnancy established in cattle by transfer of embryos derived from in vitro fertilization of oocytes matured in vitro. Vet. Rec. Vol. 121, pp. 259-260.Madan, M.L. 2005. Animal biotechnology: applications and economic implication in developing countries. Revue Scientifique et Technique Office International Des Epizooties 24(1): 123-139.Marguant-Le Guienne B, Gerard M, Solari A y Thibault C. 1989. In vitro culture of bovine eggs fertilized eitherinvivo or in vitro. ReprodNutrDev 29:559-568.Massip, A.; Van Der Zwalmen, P; Ecotrs, E. 1987. Recent progress in cryopreservation of cattle embryos. Theriogenology 27:69-79Morillo, M; Salazar, S; Castillo, E. 2012. Evaluaci�n del potencial reproductivo del macho bovino. Maracay, VE, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Agr�colas. 60 p. Centro Nacional de Investigaciones AgropecuariasNiwa, K., Ohoda, O. 1988. 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