PYMEs en Australia y América Latina: un estudio comparado de la regulación y la realidad de la incipiente pandemia de la COVID19
Este artículo presenta resultados del estudio comparado de las estructuras, la regulación, y los desafíos de pequeñas y medianas empresas (PYMEs) en Australia y América Latina. Aquello con el objetivo de explorar formas de lograr un ecosistema propicio para la actividad de las PYMEs enfrentando una...
- Autores:
- Tipo de recurso:
- Fecha de publicación:
- 2021
- Institución:
- Universidad de Caldas
- Repositorio:
- Repositorio Institucional U. Caldas
- Idioma:
- eng
- OAI Identifier:
- oai:repositorio.ucaldas.edu.co:ucaldas/24347
- Acceso en línea:
- https://repositorio.ucaldas.edu.co/handle/ucaldas/24347
https://doi.org/10.17151/jurid.2022.19.1.17
- Palabra clave:
- PYME
regulación y práctica
Australia
América Latina (Chile and Cuba)
COVID-19
SMEs
regulation and practice
Australia
Latin America
Chile
Cuba
COVID-19
- Rights
- openAccess
- License
- https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/
| id |
REPOUCALDA_b3b8b144393fb995b5fd2f702f5dfc69 |
|---|---|
| oai_identifier_str |
oai:repositorio.ucaldas.edu.co:ucaldas/24347 |
| network_acronym_str |
REPOUCALDA |
| network_name_str |
Repositorio Institucional U. Caldas |
| repository_id_str |
|
| dc.title.none.fl_str_mv |
PYMEs en Australia y América Latina: un estudio comparado de la regulación y la realidad de la incipiente pandemia de la COVID19 SMEs in Australia and Latin America: A Comparative Study of Regulation and Reality of in Encroaching COVID19 Pandemic |
| title |
PYMEs en Australia y América Latina: un estudio comparado de la regulación y la realidad de la incipiente pandemia de la COVID19 |
| spellingShingle |
PYMEs en Australia y América Latina: un estudio comparado de la regulación y la realidad de la incipiente pandemia de la COVID19 PYME regulación y práctica Australia América Latina (Chile and Cuba) COVID-19 SMEs regulation and practice Australia Latin America Chile Cuba COVID-19 |
| title_short |
PYMEs en Australia y América Latina: un estudio comparado de la regulación y la realidad de la incipiente pandemia de la COVID19 |
| title_full |
PYMEs en Australia y América Latina: un estudio comparado de la regulación y la realidad de la incipiente pandemia de la COVID19 |
| title_fullStr |
PYMEs en Australia y América Latina: un estudio comparado de la regulación y la realidad de la incipiente pandemia de la COVID19 |
| title_full_unstemmed |
PYMEs en Australia y América Latina: un estudio comparado de la regulación y la realidad de la incipiente pandemia de la COVID19 |
| title_sort |
PYMEs en Australia y América Latina: un estudio comparado de la regulación y la realidad de la incipiente pandemia de la COVID19 |
| dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv |
PYME regulación y práctica Australia América Latina (Chile and Cuba) COVID-19 SMEs regulation and practice Australia Latin America Chile Cuba COVID-19 |
| topic |
PYME regulación y práctica Australia América Latina (Chile and Cuba) COVID-19 SMEs regulation and practice Australia Latin America Chile Cuba COVID-19 |
| description |
Este artículo presenta resultados del estudio comparado de las estructuras, la regulación, y los desafíos de pequeñas y medianas empresas (PYMEs) en Australia y América Latina. Aquello con el objetivo de explorar formas de lograr un ecosistema propicio para la actividad de las PYMEs enfrentando una crisis nunca antes visto. Examina la legislación, los órganos y los reglamentos vigentes, entre ellos régimen de protección del consumidor, y las diferentesconsideraciones contextuales, entre ellas prestación de apoyo por parte de las clínicas jurídicas y otras iniciativas de las instituciones de la educación superior, teniendo en cuenta los desafíos enfrentados durante la pandemia de COVID-19. Por último, el estudio considera las medidas adoptadas por los gobiernos para mitigar el impacto de la pandemia COVID-19. La investigación utiliza tres casos de estudio y contrasta los problemas enfrentados en unaeconomía emergente como la de Cuba con marcos más establecidos como Chile y Australia para comparar las prácticas y aprender de ellas. |
| publishDate |
2021 |
| dc.date.none.fl_str_mv |
2021-01-01 2022-01-01T00:00:00Z 2022-01-01T00:00:00Z 2025-10-08T21:31:41Z 2025-10-08T21:31:41Z |
| dc.type.none.fl_str_mv |
Artículo de revista http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501 Text info:eu-repo/semantics/article Journal article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85 |
| dc.type.coar.fl_str_mv |
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1 |
| status_str |
publishedVersion |
| dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv |
1794-2918 https://repositorio.ucaldas.edu.co/handle/ucaldas/24347 10.17151/jurid.2022.19.1.17 2590-8928 https://doi.org/10.17151/jurid.2022.19.1.17 |
| identifier_str_mv |
1794-2918 10.17151/jurid.2022.19.1.17 2590-8928 |
| url |
https://repositorio.ucaldas.edu.co/handle/ucaldas/24347 https://doi.org/10.17151/jurid.2022.19.1.17 |
| dc.language.none.fl_str_mv |
eng |
| language |
eng |
| dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv |
325 1 293 19 Jurídicas Agostini, C. A., Willington, M., Lazcano, R., & Saavedra, E. (2017). Predation and network based price discrimination in Chile. Telecommunications Policy, 41(9), 781-791. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.telpol.2017.04.006 Andrade, V. (2017, July). Chilean Consumer Law & Policy: A Brief Outlook. Chilean Consumer Law & Policy: A Brief Outlook. Paper presented at the Conference of the International Association of Consumer Law, Porto Alegre, Brazil. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10603-022-09505-8 Anderson, I. & Serpa, R. (2018, August 2). Cuba: private home ownership recognised for the first time since the revolution. The Conversation. https://www.theconversation.com/cuba-private-homeownership-recognised-for-the-first-time-since-the-revolution-100204 Australia. (2015, April 14). Corporations Act 2001. https://wipolex.wipo.int/fr/text/480881 Australian Bureau of Statistics. (2020a). Key Statistics. https://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/mf/8165.0 Australian Bureau of Statistics. (2020b, June 24). Businesses seek advice in response to COVID-19 [Media Release]. https://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs%40.nsf/mediareleasesbyCatalogue/49F8475B31112582CA25853600764041 Australian Bureau of Statistics. (2019, February 21). Counts of Australian Businesses, including Entries and Exists, June 2014 to June 2018. https://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/Previousproducts/8165.0Main%20Features1June%202014%20to%20June%202018?opendocument&tabname=Summary&prodno=8165.0&issue=June%202014%20to%20June%202018&num=&view= Australian Bureau of Statistics. (2018). Counts of Australian Business, including Entries and Exits, Jun 2013 to Jun 2017. https://www.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/abs@.nsf/allprimarymainfeatures/88C27C44DBC4961CCA2583A70012187D?opendocument Australian Bureau of Statistics. (2014). Counts of Australian Businesses, including Entries and Exits, Jun 2009 to Jun 2013. https://www.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/abs@.nsf/allprimarymainfeatures/2B7FEACBFF26E3EDCA257DF9000E3FE7?opendocument Australian Competition and Consumer Commission. (2022, February 26). ACCC. https://www.accc.gov.au/ Australian Competition and Consumer Commission. (2015, September 15). Unfair Contract Terms. https://www.accc.gov.au/business/business-rights-protections/unfair-contract-terms Australian Competition and Consumer Commission. (2013, January 17). Make a complaint as a business. https://www.accc.gov.au/business/business-rights-protections/make-a-complaint-as-a-business Australian Competition and Consumer Commission. (2013, January 11). Franchising code of conduct. https://www.accc.gov.au/business/industry-codes/franchising-code-of-conduct Australian Competition and Consumer Commission. (2012, September 11). Business rights. https://www.accc.gov.au/business/business-rights-protections/business-rights Australian Competition and Consumer Commission. (2011, January 1). Act No.148 of 2010. The Competition and Consumer Act 201. https://ppp.worldbank.org/public-private-partnership/sites/ppp.worldbank.org/files/documents/Australia_Competition%20and%20Consumer%20Act_C2011C00003VOL01.pdf Australian Consumer Law. (2016). Consumer guarantees: A guide for businesses and legal practitioners. https://consumer.gov.au/sites/consumer/files/2016/05/0553FT_ACL-guides_Guarantees_web.pdf Australian Government. (s. f.). Support for businesses in Australia. Retrieved on February 23, 2022 https://business.gov.au/ Australian Government. (s. f.). Business registration service. Retrieved on February 23, 2022. https://register.business.gov.au/ Australian Government. (2020a). Business structures. https://www.business.gov.au/Planning/Businessstructures-and-types/Business-structures Australian Government (2020b), Restrictions on services.https://www.business.gov.au/Risk-management/Emergency-management/Coronavirus-information-and-support-for-business/Restrictions-on-nonessential-services Australian Government. (2020c). Coronavirus information and support for business. https://business.gov.au/Risk-management/Emergency-management/Coronavirus-information-and-support-for-business Australian Government. Productivity Commission. (2014). Access to Justice Arrangements: Inquiry Report (No. 72). https://www.pc.gov.au/inquiries/completed/access-justice/report/access-justice-overview.pdf Australian Government. (2015, November 12). Regulatory Reform Agenda to focus on productivity and States [Media Release]. https://ministers.pmc.gov.au/hendy/2015/regulatory-reform-agenda-focusproductivity-and-states Australian Securities and Investments Commission. (2022). ASIC. https://asic.gov.au/for-business/small-business/ Australian Securities and Investments Commission. (2020). Setting Up a Business Structure. https://asic.gov.au/for-business/small-business/starting-a-small-business/setting-up-a-business-structure/ Australian Securities and Investments Commission. (2001). Act 2001. Retrieved on February 24, 2022. http://www8.austlii.edu.au/cgi-bin/viewdb/au/legis/cth/consol_act/asaica2001529/ Australian Small Business and Family Enterprise Ombudsman. (2020). Ombudsman calls for 30-day payment times to be legislated. https://www.asbfeo.gov.au/news/news-articles/ombudsman-calls-30-day-payment-times-be-legislated Australian Small Business and Family Enterprise Ombudsman. (2019). Small Business Counts: Small business in the Australian economy. https://apo.org.au/sites/default/files/resource-files/2019-08/apo-nid255916.pdf Australian Taxation Office. (2019a December 9). Income Tax Return Records - business. https://www.ato.gov.au/Business/Record-keeping-for-business/Detailed-business-record-keeping-requirements/Running-your-business---records/Income-tax-return-records---business/ Australian Taxation Office. (2019b). Changes to company tax rates. https://www.ato.gov.au/Rates/Changes-to-company-tax-rates/?page=1 Australian Taxation Office. (2020, December 10). Eligibility. https://www.ato.gov.au/business/small-businessentity-concessions/eligibility/ Banco Central de Chile. (n.d.). Unidad de Fomento (english version). https://si3.bcentral.cl/estadisticas/Principal1/metodologias/EC/IND_DIA/ficha_tecnica_UF_EN.pdf Australian Transaction Reports and Analysis Centre. (2022). AUSTRAC. https://www.austrac.gov.au/ Bruce, A. (2011). Consumer Protection Law. Butterworths. Cantatore, F. (2020). Pro Bono in Law Schools: Tracking the effect of pro bono service in an Australian university law clinic. International Journal of Clinical Legal Education, 27(1), 101-136. https://heinonline.org/HOL/LandingPage?handle=hein.journals/clled27&div=6&id=&page= Cantatore, F., & Crawford-Spencer, E. (2018). Effective intellectual property management for small to medium businesses and social enterprises: IP branding, licenses, trademarks, copyrights, patents, and contractual arrangements. Brown Walker Press/Universal Publishers, Inc. Cantatore, F. (2015). Boosting law graduate employability: Using a pro bono teaching clinic to facilitate experiential learning in commercial law subjects, Legal Education Review, 25(1), 147-172. https://doi.org/10.53300/001c.6298 CiberCuba. (2020, June 16). Nuevas medidas en Cuba para los cuentapropistas en la etapa pos-COVID-19. https://www.cibercuba.com/noticias/2020-06-16-u1-e199370-s27061-medidas-cubacuentapropistas-etapa-pos-covid-19 Chile. Ministerio de Hacienda. (2020, April 24). Law 21 229. Aumenta el capital del fondo de garantía para pequeños y medianos empresarios (FOGAPE) y flexibiliza temporalmente sus requisitos. https://cchc.cl/uploads/archivos/archivos/ley-21.229.pdf Chile. Ministerio de Economía. (2013, January 31). Law 20 659. Simplifica el régimen de constitución, modificación y disolución de las sociedades comerciales https://www.leychile.cl/Navegar?idNorma=1048718 Chile. Ministerio de Economía. (2010, January 13). Law 20 416 Fija normas especiales para las empresas de menor tamaño. https://www.leychile.cl/Navegar?idNorma=1010668 Chile. Ministerio de Economia, Fomento y Turismo. (2019). Unidad de Estudios, División de Política Comercial e Industrial. ELE-5: Principales resultados. [Fifth longitudinal survey of enterprises. Ministry of Economy, Development and Tourism of Chile]. https://www.economia.gob.cl/wpcontent/uploads/2019/03/ELE-5-Principales_resultados.pdf Chile. Ministerio de Economía. (2019, January 03). Law 21 131 Establece pago a treinta días. https://www.leychile.cl/Navegar?idNorma=1127890 https://www.sernac.cl/portal/617/w3-propertyvalue-20891.html Chile. Ministerio de Economía. (2003, January 23). Law 19 857. Empresas Individuales de Responsabilidad Limitada. https://www.leychile.cl/Navegar?idNorma=207588 Chile. Ministerio de Economía. (1997, february 7). Law 19 496. Establece normas sobre protección de los derechos de los consumidores. https://www.bcn.cl/leychile Chile. Ministerio de Hacienda. (1923, March, 07). Law 3 918. Sociedades de responsabilidad limitada. https://www.leychile.cl/Navegar?idNorma=24349 Chile. Servicio Nacional del Consumidor. SERNAC. (s. f.). Homepage. Retrieved on February 25, 2022. https://www.sernac.cl/portal/617/w3-propertyname-586.html Chile Unemployment Rate 1991-2022. (n.d.). Macrotrends. Retrieved on February 23, 2022. https://www.macrotrends.net/countries/CHL/chile/unemployment-rate Chile. Ministerio de Economía, Fomento y Turismo. (s. f.). Superintendencia de Insolvencia y Reemprendimiento. SUPERIR. Retrieved on February 25, 2022. https://www.superir.gob.cl/ Commonwealth of Australia. (2018). Financial services and Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises (SMEs) (Vol. 12). https://apo.org.au/sites/default/files/resource-files/2018-05/apo-nid172366.pdf Community Legal Centres Queensland. (2021, march 31). Homepage. https://www.communitylegalqld.org.au/ Connolly, E., Norman, D & West, T. (2012). Small Business: An Economic Overview. Reserve Bank of Australia. Cuba. (2018, March 17). Decreto Ley No. 356.- Sobre el ejercicio del trabajo por cuenta propia. https://cuba.vlex.com/vid/decreto-ley-no-356-825316509 Cuba (2018, March29). Law 118. Ley de la inversion extranjera. https://www.gacetaoficial.gob.cu/es/ley-no-118-ley-de-la-inversion-extranjera#:~:text=%2D%20Esta%20Ley%20tiene%20por%20objeto,sociedad%20socialista%20pr%C3%B3spera%20y%20sostenible Cuba. Congreso del Partido Comunista de Cuba-PCC. (2018). Cuba. Conceptualización del Modelo Económico y Social Cubano de Desarrollo Socialista. Plan Nacional de Desarrollo Económico hasta 2030: Propuesta de Visión de la Nación. Unesco. https://siteal.iiep. unesco.org/sites/default/files/sit_accion_files/siteal_cuba_0368.pdf CubaNet. (2020, June 16). Régimen cubano anuncia medidas pos COVID-19 para cuentapropistas. https://www.cubanet.org/noticias/regimen-cubano-anuncia-medidas-pos-covid-19-para-cuentapropistas/ Development Bank of Latin America (CAF). (2019, April 25). America Latina y el Caribe 2019: politicas para pymes competitivas en la alianza del pacífico y países participantes de américa de sur. https://www.caf.com/en/currently/news/2019/04/sme-policy-index-latin-america-and-the-caribbean-2019/ Díez, S., Salas, M. F. & Contreras, C. (2015). Pro Bono Practices and Opportunities in Chile. In Latham & Watkins LLP, Global Pro Bono Survey (pp. 122-129). https://www.lw.com/admin/Upload/Documents/Global%20Pro%20Bono%20Survey/pro-bono-in-chile.pdf Douglas, J. & Pejoska, A. L. (2017). Regulation and small business. Economic Roundup, 1-19. https://treasury.gov.au/publication/p2017-t213722a Fangmann, A. (2020, April 29). Cuban working class facing disaster due to coronavirus-related tourism collapse. World Socialist Web Site. https://wsws.org/en/articles/2020/04/29/cuba-a29.html Fangmann, A. (2019, February 27). New Cuban Constitution Recognizes Private Property. World Socialist Web Site. https://wsws.org/en/articles/2019/02/28/cuba-f27.html Feinberg, R. E. & Piccone, T. (2014). Cuba’s Economic Change in Comparative Perspective. https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/Cubas-Economic-Change-English-web-1.pdf Fernández Estrada, O. (2020a, May 6). It is time for the New Update. Progreso Weekly. https://progresoweekly.us/it-is-time-for-the-new-update/ Fernández Estrada, O. (2020b, June 10). Implementing small- and medium-sized businesses. Progreso Weekly. https://progresoweekly.us/implementing-small-and-medium-sized-businesses/ Foreign Investment Promotion Agency. (2020). Investment opportunities in the Latin American Hub. https://tools.investchile.gob.cl/guiadelinversionista-idiomas Gentilini, U., Almenfi, M., Orton, I., & Dale, P. (2020). Social protection and jobs responses to covid-19: A real-time review of country measures [Brief]. World Bank. https://doi.org/10.1596/33635 Gilfillan, G. (2015, December 1). Definitions and data sources for small business in Australia: a quik guide. Parlamentary Library, research paper series, 16 https://www.aph.gov.au/About_Parliament/Parliamentary_Departments/Parliamentary_Library/pubs/rp/rp1516/Quick_Guides/Data Gonzalez-Corzo, M. A. & Justo, O. (2017). Private Self-Employment under Reform Socialism in Cuba. The Journal of Private Enterprise, 32(2), 45-82. González-Corzo, M. & Justo, O. (2014, November 30). Self-Employment in Cuba since the VI Party Congress. ASCE. https://ascecuba.org/asce_proceedings/self-employment-in-cuba-since-the-vi-party-congress/ Government of Chile. (s. f.). Servicio de Cooperación Técnica. SERCOTEC. Retrieved on February 25, 2022. https://asesoriavirtual.sercotec.cl/Condiciones_De_Uso/Index Grewal, J., Mohan, A. & Pérez-Cavazos, G. (2019, January). Effects of transparency on customer-supplier contracting. Paper presented at Hawai’I Accounting Research Conference, Hilo, Hawaii. https://scholarspace.manoa.hawaii.edu/bitstream/10125/64916/HARC_2020_paper_249.pdf Guzmán, L. (s. f.). Lista de clínicas jurídicas. https://uft.cl/images/noticias/2018/julio/nota-lun/clinicasjuridicas-lun-uft.pdf Hemmings, P. (2014). Australia’s economy. OECD Observer,24(3), 30-31. shorturl.at/izHJ6 Hernández, L. M. (2019, May 22). Cuba’s Self-Employed Demand Legal Advice and Support. Havana Times. https://havanatimes.org/features/cubas-self-employed-demand-legal-advice-and-support/ International Labour Organization. (2015). Thematic Labour Overview Small Enterprises, Large Gaps: Employment and Working Conditions in Micro and Small Enterprises in Latin America and the Caribbean. https://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---americas/---ro-lima/documents/publication/wcms_423684.pdf Kinsett, L. (2013, July 26). Business and commercial matters. https://www.legalaid.vic.gov.au/find-legalanswers/business-and-commercial-matters KPMG. (2020, May 6). Cuba - KPMG global. https://home.kpmg/xx/en/home/insights/2020/04/cubagovernment-and-institution-measures-in-response-to-covid.html Kuritzkes, C. (2019, July 15). The End of Cuba’s Entrepreneurship Boom. Foreign Policy. https://foreignpolicy.com/2019/07/15/the-end-of-cubas-entrepeneurship-boom/ Law Council of Australia. (2018). The Justice Project Final Report. https://www.lawcouncil.asn.au/justiceproject/access-to-justice Lawright. (s. f.). Homepage. Retrieved on February 25, 2022. https://www.lawright.org.au/ Legal Aid. (2022). Homepage. https://www.legalaid.qld.gov.au/About-us/Policies-and-procedures/Grants-Policy-Manual/The-Merits-Test Leiman, T. (2014). What’s ahead? Telling prospective students about the inherent skills they need to succeed. Paper presented at 17th International First Year in Higher Education Conference. Leiman, T., Ankor, D. & Milne, J. (2015). Beginning in the First Year: Towards a Vertically Integrated Curriculum for Clinical Legal Education: A Practice Report. International Journal of the First Year in Higher Education, 6(1) 171-177. https://doi.org/10.5204/intjfyhe.v6i1.261 Linnenluecke, M. K. (2017). Resilience in business and management research: A review of influential publications and a research agenda. International Journal of Management Reviews, 19(1), 4-30. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijmr.12076 Mesa Tejeda, N. T. (2017). Notes on the Categories of Foreign Investment in Cuba. Florida Journal of International Law, 29(1), 77-90. t.ly/beoE Miranda, B. (2020, May 1). Coronavirus en Cuba: cómo funciona el agresivo modelo de vigilancia epidemiológica contra la covid-19. BBC News. https://bbc.com/mundo/noticias-america-latina-52496344 Morris, E. & Kelman, I. (2020, April 15). Coronavirus response: why Cuba is such an interesting case. The Conversation. https://theconversation.com/coronavirus-response-why-cuba-is-such-an-interesting-case-135749 National Australia Bank. NAB. (2020, march 01). Two-thirds of Australian SMEs impacted by bushfires, NAB survey shows. https://news.nab.com.au/two-thirds-of-australian-smes-impacted-by-bushfires-nab-survey-shows/ Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. OECD. (2020a). Australia Economic Snapshot. https://www.oecd.org/economy/australia-economic-snapshot/ Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. OECD. (2020b). Chile Economic Snapshot. http://www.oecd.org/economy/chile-economic-snapshot/ Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. OECD. (2019). OECD SME and Entrepreneurship Outlook 2019. OECD Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1787/34907e9c-en Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. OECD. (2018). Chile. OECD Publishing, https://doi.org/10.1787/fin_sme_ent-2018-18-en Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. (2018). Production Transformation Policy Review of Chile: Reaping the Benefits of New Frontiers, OECD Development Pathways, OECD Publishing. http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/9789264288379-en Parra, C. M. & Haar, J. (2018). MNC-SME Linkages in Latin America [White Paper]. Retrieved from https://www.as-coa.org/sites/default/files/archive/MNC-SMEwhitepaper-compressed.pdf Plastow, K. (2020). Small businesses face uphill battle as COVID-19 restrictions ease. The New Daily https://thenewdaily.com.au/finance/consumer/2020/05/08/small-business-coronavirus-2/ Pro Bono Fundation. (2020). About us. https://probono.cl/quienes-somos/about-us/ Queensland government. (1973). Trusts Act 1973—Sect 23 Law and equity preserved. http://classic.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/qld/consol_act/ta1973132/s23.html Queensland government. (2012, may 28). Partnership Act 1891. https://www.legislation.qld.gov.au/view/html/inforce/current/act-1891-007 Queensland Law Society. (2019). Access to Justice Scorecard: Evaluating access to justice in Queensland [Report]. https://www.qls.com.au/getattachment/3101be6e-fd79-45e0-bc56-fc77d12b0280/doc20200521_access_to_justice_19_report_fnl.pdf Rodríguez, A. (2020, January 30). Cuban SMEs still waiting for law to regulate them. Cuba News. https://oncubanews.com/en/cuba/cuban-smes-still-waiting-for-law-to-regulate-them/ Rojas, R. D. (2019, September 7). Command Economies Don’t Promote Development, Cuba is No Exception. Havana Times. https://www.havanatimes.org/features/command-economies-dontpromote-development-cuba-is-no-exception/ Schaper, M. (2014). A brief history of small business in Australia, 1970-2010. Journal of Entrepreneurship and Public Policy, 3(2), 222-236. RePEc:eme:jepppp:v:3:y:2014:i:2:p:222-236 Schmieg, E. (2017). Cuba “Updates” Its Economic Model: Perspectives for Cooperation with the European Union (SWP Research Paper No. 6). https://www.swp-berlin.org/fileadmin/contents/products/research_papers/2017RP06_scm.pdf Servicio de Impuestos Internos [Internal Revenue Service]. (n.d.). Infografía a las Pymes [SMEs infographic]. http://www.sii.cl/sobre_el_sii/info_empresas_pyme.pdf Sweig, J. (2016). Cuba: What everyone needs to know (3rd ed). Oxford University Press. Terrero, A. (2020, June 8). Cinco desafíos y una oportunidad [Five challenges and an opportunity]. Cuba Debate. http://www.cubadebate.cu/opinion/2020/06/08/cinco-desafios-y-una-oportunidad/ Thorpe, J. (2020). The possible economic consequences of a novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. PWC Australia. https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/possible-economic-consequences-global-novelcovid-19-pandemic-thorpe?articleId=6640761122603524096 World Bank. (2021, April 08). The World Bank In Chile. https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/chile/overview Universia Chile. (2019, December 3). Conoce las Clínicas Jurídicas universitarias en funcionamiento. Universia. https://www.universia.net/cl/actualidad/vida-universitaria/conoce-clinicas-juridicasuniversitarias-funcionamiento-1167192.html Universidad de la Frontera. (2019, May 24). Catalogue FCJE-UFRO. https://issuu.com/fcjeufro/docs/cat_logo_fcje-ufro_espa_ol-ingl_s University of New South Wales. (s. f.). Kingsford legal centre. UNSW. Retrieved on February 25, 2022. https://www.klc.unsw.edu.au/ University of Queensland. (2010). UQ Pro Bono Centre. School of Law. https://law.uq.edu.au/pro-bono World Bank. (2020, April, 14). Map of sme-support measures in response to covid-19. [Text/HTML]. https://www.worldbank.org/en/data/interactive/2020/04/14/map-of-sme-support-measures-in-response-to-covid-19 Žebrytė, I., Fonseca-Vasquez, F. & Hartley, R. (2019). Emerging economy entrepreneurs and open data: Decision-making for natural disaster resilience. Journal of Small Business Strategy, 29(1), 36-47. https://libjournals.mtsu.edu/index.php/jsbs/article/view/1358 Zevallos, E. V. (2003, April). Micro, small and medium-sized enterprises in Latin America, CEPAL Review,79. https://repositorio.cepal.org/bitstream/handle/11362/10928/1/79051068I_en.pdf Núm. 1 , Año 2022 : Enero - Junio https://revistasojs.ucaldas.edu.co/index.php/juridicas/article/download/7369/6504 |
| dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv |
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2 |
| rights_invalid_str_mv |
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2 |
| eu_rights_str_mv |
openAccess |
| dc.format.none.fl_str_mv |
application/pdf |
| dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Universidad de Caldas |
| publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Universidad de Caldas |
| dc.source.none.fl_str_mv |
https://revistasojs.ucaldas.edu.co/index.php/juridicas/article/view/7369 |
| institution |
Universidad de Caldas |
| repository.name.fl_str_mv |
|
| repository.mail.fl_str_mv |
|
| _version_ |
1855532631405363200 |
| spelling |
PYMEs en Australia y América Latina: un estudio comparado de la regulación y la realidad de la incipiente pandemia de la COVID19SMEs in Australia and Latin America: A Comparative Study of Regulation and Reality of in Encroaching COVID19 PandemicPYMEregulación y prácticaAustraliaAmérica Latina (Chile and Cuba)COVID-19SMEsregulation and practiceAustraliaLatin AmericaChileCubaCOVID-19Este artículo presenta resultados del estudio comparado de las estructuras, la regulación, y los desafíos de pequeñas y medianas empresas (PYMEs) en Australia y América Latina. Aquello con el objetivo de explorar formas de lograr un ecosistema propicio para la actividad de las PYMEs enfrentando una crisis nunca antes visto. Examina la legislación, los órganos y los reglamentos vigentes, entre ellos régimen de protección del consumidor, y las diferentesconsideraciones contextuales, entre ellas prestación de apoyo por parte de las clínicas jurídicas y otras iniciativas de las instituciones de la educación superior, teniendo en cuenta los desafíos enfrentados durante la pandemia de COVID-19. Por último, el estudio considera las medidas adoptadas por los gobiernos para mitigar el impacto de la pandemia COVID-19. La investigación utiliza tres casos de estudio y contrasta los problemas enfrentados en unaeconomía emergente como la de Cuba con marcos más establecidos como Chile y Australia para comparar las prácticas y aprender de ellas.This paper reports on a comparative study between the structures, regulation and challenges of small and medium size businesses (SMEs) in Australia and two Latin American jurisdictions – Chile and Cuba - with the object of exploring ways in which SME-propitious ecosystem can be configured in an unprecedented crisis situation. It examines the legislation, bodies and regulation in place which deal with SME issues, including consumer protection,and the differing contextual considerations, taking cognizance of the challenges faced during the COVID-19 pandemic. Finally, the paper explores ways in which SMEs can be assisted and advised of their legal rights, including the provision of clinical and advisory support at a university level, and considers the steps taken by governments in mitigating the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. To compare practices and learn from them the research utilizes three case studies and contrasts the issues faced in an emerging economy such as Cuba with more established frameworks such as Chile and Australia, both OECD countries. Universidad de Caldas2022-01-01T00:00:00Z2025-10-08T21:31:41Z2022-01-01T00:00:00Z2025-10-08T21:31:41Z2021-01-01Artículo de revistahttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501Textinfo:eu-repo/semantics/articleJournal articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1application/pdf1794-2918https://repositorio.ucaldas.edu.co/handle/ucaldas/2434710.17151/jurid.2022.19.1.172590-8928https://doi.org/10.17151/jurid.2022.19.1.17https://revistasojs.ucaldas.edu.co/index.php/juridicas/article/view/7369eng325129319JurídicasAgostini, C. A., Willington, M., Lazcano, R., & Saavedra, E. (2017). Predation and network based price discrimination in Chile. Telecommunications Policy, 41(9), 781-791. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.telpol.2017.04.006Andrade, V. (2017, July). Chilean Consumer Law & Policy: A Brief Outlook. Chilean Consumer Law & Policy: A Brief Outlook. Paper presented at the Conference of the International Association of Consumer Law, Porto Alegre, Brazil. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10603-022-09505-8Anderson, I. & Serpa, R. (2018, August 2). Cuba: private home ownership recognised for the first time since the revolution. The Conversation. https://www.theconversation.com/cuba-private-homeownership-recognised-for-the-first-time-since-the-revolution-100204Australia. (2015, April 14). Corporations Act 2001. https://wipolex.wipo.int/fr/text/480881Australian Bureau of Statistics. (2020a). Key Statistics. https://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/mf/8165.0Australian Bureau of Statistics. (2020b, June 24). Businesses seek advice in response to COVID-19 [Media Release]. https://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs%40.nsf/mediareleasesbyCatalogue/49F8475B31112582CA25853600764041Australian Bureau of Statistics. (2019, February 21). Counts of Australian Businesses, including Entries and Exists, June 2014 to June 2018. https://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/Previousproducts/8165.0Main%20Features1June%202014%20to%20June%202018?opendocument&tabname=Summary&prodno=8165.0&issue=June%202014%20to%20June%202018&num=&view=Australian Bureau of Statistics. (2018). Counts of Australian Business, including Entries and Exits, Jun 2013 to Jun 2017. https://www.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/abs@.nsf/allprimarymainfeatures/88C27C44DBC4961CCA2583A70012187D?opendocumentAustralian Bureau of Statistics. (2014). Counts of Australian Businesses, including Entries and Exits, Jun 2009 to Jun 2013. https://www.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/abs@.nsf/allprimarymainfeatures/2B7FEACBFF26E3EDCA257DF9000E3FE7?opendocumentAustralian Competition and Consumer Commission. (2022, February 26). ACCC. https://www.accc.gov.au/Australian Competition and Consumer Commission. (2015, September 15). Unfair Contract Terms. https://www.accc.gov.au/business/business-rights-protections/unfair-contract-termsAustralian Competition and Consumer Commission. (2013, January 17). Make a complaint as a business. https://www.accc.gov.au/business/business-rights-protections/make-a-complaint-as-a-businessAustralian Competition and Consumer Commission. (2013, January 11). Franchising code of conduct. https://www.accc.gov.au/business/industry-codes/franchising-code-of-conductAustralian Competition and Consumer Commission. (2012, September 11). Business rights. https://www.accc.gov.au/business/business-rights-protections/business-rightsAustralian Competition and Consumer Commission. (2011, January 1). Act No.148 of 2010. The Competition and Consumer Act 201. https://ppp.worldbank.org/public-private-partnership/sites/ppp.worldbank.org/files/documents/Australia_Competition%20and%20Consumer%20Act_C2011C00003VOL01.pdfAustralian Consumer Law. (2016). Consumer guarantees: A guide for businesses and legal practitioners. https://consumer.gov.au/sites/consumer/files/2016/05/0553FT_ACL-guides_Guarantees_web.pdfAustralian Government. (s. f.). Support for businesses in Australia. Retrieved on February 23, 2022 https://business.gov.au/Australian Government. (s. f.). Business registration service. Retrieved on February 23, 2022. https://register.business.gov.au/Australian Government. (2020a). Business structures. https://www.business.gov.au/Planning/Businessstructures-and-types/Business-structuresAustralian Government (2020b), Restrictions on services.https://www.business.gov.au/Risk-management/Emergency-management/Coronavirus-information-and-support-for-business/Restrictions-on-nonessential-servicesAustralian Government. (2020c). Coronavirus information and support for business. https://business.gov.au/Risk-management/Emergency-management/Coronavirus-information-and-support-for-businessAustralian Government. Productivity Commission. (2014). Access to Justice Arrangements: Inquiry Report (No. 72). https://www.pc.gov.au/inquiries/completed/access-justice/report/access-justice-overview.pdfAustralian Government. (2015, November 12). Regulatory Reform Agenda to focus on productivity and States [Media Release]. https://ministers.pmc.gov.au/hendy/2015/regulatory-reform-agenda-focusproductivity-and-statesAustralian Securities and Investments Commission. (2022). ASIC. https://asic.gov.au/for-business/small-business/Australian Securities and Investments Commission. (2020). Setting Up a Business Structure. https://asic.gov.au/for-business/small-business/starting-a-small-business/setting-up-a-business-structure/Australian Securities and Investments Commission. (2001). Act 2001. Retrieved on February 24, 2022. http://www8.austlii.edu.au/cgi-bin/viewdb/au/legis/cth/consol_act/asaica2001529/Australian Small Business and Family Enterprise Ombudsman. (2020). Ombudsman calls for 30-day payment times to be legislated. https://www.asbfeo.gov.au/news/news-articles/ombudsman-calls-30-day-payment-times-be-legislatedAustralian Small Business and Family Enterprise Ombudsman. (2019). Small Business Counts: Small business in the Australian economy. https://apo.org.au/sites/default/files/resource-files/2019-08/apo-nid255916.pdfAustralian Taxation Office. (2019a December 9). Income Tax Return Records - business. https://www.ato.gov.au/Business/Record-keeping-for-business/Detailed-business-record-keeping-requirements/Running-your-business---records/Income-tax-return-records---business/Australian Taxation Office. (2019b). Changes to company tax rates. https://www.ato.gov.au/Rates/Changes-to-company-tax-rates/?page=1Australian Taxation Office. (2020, December 10). Eligibility. https://www.ato.gov.au/business/small-businessentity-concessions/eligibility/ Banco Central de Chile. (n.d.). Unidad de Fomento (english version). https://si3.bcentral.cl/estadisticas/Principal1/metodologias/EC/IND_DIA/ficha_tecnica_UF_EN.pdfAustralian Transaction Reports and Analysis Centre. (2022). AUSTRAC. https://www.austrac.gov.au/Bruce, A. (2011). Consumer Protection Law. Butterworths.Cantatore, F. (2020). Pro Bono in Law Schools: Tracking the effect of pro bono service in an Australian university law clinic. International Journal of Clinical Legal Education, 27(1), 101-136. https://heinonline.org/HOL/LandingPage?handle=hein.journals/clled27&div=6&id=&page=Cantatore, F., & Crawford-Spencer, E. (2018). Effective intellectual property management for small to medium businesses and social enterprises: IP branding, licenses, trademarks, copyrights, patents, and contractual arrangements. Brown Walker Press/Universal Publishers, Inc.Cantatore, F. (2015). Boosting law graduate employability: Using a pro bono teaching clinic to facilitate experiential learning in commercial law subjects, Legal Education Review, 25(1), 147-172. https://doi.org/10.53300/001c.6298CiberCuba. (2020, June 16). Nuevas medidas en Cuba para los cuentapropistas en la etapa pos-COVID-19. https://www.cibercuba.com/noticias/2020-06-16-u1-e199370-s27061-medidas-cubacuentapropistas-etapa-pos-covid-19Chile. Ministerio de Hacienda. (2020, April 24). Law 21 229. Aumenta el capital del fondo de garantía para pequeños y medianos empresarios (FOGAPE) y flexibiliza temporalmente sus requisitos. https://cchc.cl/uploads/archivos/archivos/ley-21.229.pdfChile. Ministerio de Economía. (2013, January 31). Law 20 659. Simplifica el régimen de constitución, modificación y disolución de las sociedades comerciales https://www.leychile.cl/Navegar?idNorma=1048718Chile. Ministerio de Economía. (2010, January 13). Law 20 416 Fija normas especiales para las empresas de menor tamaño. https://www.leychile.cl/Navegar?idNorma=1010668Chile. Ministerio de Economia, Fomento y Turismo. (2019). Unidad de Estudios, División de Política Comercial e Industrial. ELE-5: Principales resultados. [Fifth longitudinal survey of enterprises. Ministry of Economy, Development and Tourism of Chile]. https://www.economia.gob.cl/wpcontent/uploads/2019/03/ELE-5-Principales_resultados.pdfChile. Ministerio de Economía. (2019, January 03). Law 21 131 Establece pago a treinta días. https://www.leychile.cl/Navegar?idNorma=1127890 https://www.sernac.cl/portal/617/w3-propertyvalue-20891.htmlChile. Ministerio de Economía. (2003, January 23). Law 19 857. Empresas Individuales de Responsabilidad Limitada. https://www.leychile.cl/Navegar?idNorma=207588Chile. Ministerio de Economía. (1997, february 7). Law 19 496. Establece normas sobre protección de los derechos de los consumidores. https://www.bcn.cl/leychileChile. Ministerio de Hacienda. (1923, March, 07). Law 3 918. Sociedades de responsabilidad limitada. https://www.leychile.cl/Navegar?idNorma=24349Chile. Servicio Nacional del Consumidor. SERNAC. (s. f.). Homepage. Retrieved on February 25, 2022. https://www.sernac.cl/portal/617/w3-propertyname-586.htmlChile Unemployment Rate 1991-2022. (n.d.). Macrotrends. Retrieved on February 23, 2022. https://www.macrotrends.net/countries/CHL/chile/unemployment-rateChile. Ministerio de Economía, Fomento y Turismo. (s. f.). Superintendencia de Insolvencia y Reemprendimiento. SUPERIR. Retrieved on February 25, 2022. https://www.superir.gob.cl/Commonwealth of Australia. (2018). Financial services and Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises (SMEs) (Vol. 12). https://apo.org.au/sites/default/files/resource-files/2018-05/apo-nid172366.pdfCommunity Legal Centres Queensland. (2021, march 31). Homepage. https://www.communitylegalqld.org.au/Connolly, E., Norman, D & West, T. (2012). Small Business: An Economic Overview. Reserve Bank of Australia.Cuba. (2018, March 17). Decreto Ley No. 356.- Sobre el ejercicio del trabajo por cuenta propia. https://cuba.vlex.com/vid/decreto-ley-no-356-825316509Cuba (2018, March29). Law 118. Ley de la inversion extranjera. https://www.gacetaoficial.gob.cu/es/ley-no-118-ley-de-la-inversion-extranjera#:~:text=%2D%20Esta%20Ley%20tiene%20por%20objeto,sociedad%20socialista%20pr%C3%B3spera%20y%20sostenibleCuba. Congreso del Partido Comunista de Cuba-PCC. (2018). Cuba. Conceptualización del Modelo Económico y Social Cubano de Desarrollo Socialista. Plan Nacional de Desarrollo Económico hasta 2030: Propuesta de Visión de la Nación. Unesco. https://siteal.iiep. unesco.org/sites/default/files/sit_accion_files/siteal_cuba_0368.pdfCubaNet. (2020, June 16). Régimen cubano anuncia medidas pos COVID-19 para cuentapropistas. https://www.cubanet.org/noticias/regimen-cubano-anuncia-medidas-pos-covid-19-para-cuentapropistas/Development Bank of Latin America (CAF). (2019, April 25). America Latina y el Caribe 2019: politicas para pymes competitivas en la alianza del pacífico y países participantes de américa de sur. https://www.caf.com/en/currently/news/2019/04/sme-policy-index-latin-america-and-the-caribbean-2019/Díez, S., Salas, M. F. & Contreras, C. (2015). Pro Bono Practices and Opportunities in Chile. In Latham & Watkins LLP, Global Pro Bono Survey (pp. 122-129). https://www.lw.com/admin/Upload/Documents/Global%20Pro%20Bono%20Survey/pro-bono-in-chile.pdfDouglas, J. & Pejoska, A. L. (2017). Regulation and small business. Economic Roundup, 1-19. https://treasury.gov.au/publication/p2017-t213722aFangmann, A. (2020, April 29). Cuban working class facing disaster due to coronavirus-related tourism collapse. World Socialist Web Site. https://wsws.org/en/articles/2020/04/29/cuba-a29.htmlFangmann, A. (2019, February 27). New Cuban Constitution Recognizes Private Property. World Socialist Web Site. https://wsws.org/en/articles/2019/02/28/cuba-f27.htmlFeinberg, R. E. & Piccone, T. (2014). Cuba’s Economic Change in Comparative Perspective. https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/Cubas-Economic-Change-English-web-1.pdfFernández Estrada, O. (2020a, May 6). It is time for the New Update. Progreso Weekly. https://progresoweekly.us/it-is-time-for-the-new-update/Fernández Estrada, O. (2020b, June 10). Implementing small- and medium-sized businesses. Progreso Weekly. https://progresoweekly.us/implementing-small-and-medium-sized-businesses/Foreign Investment Promotion Agency. (2020). Investment opportunities in the Latin American Hub. https://tools.investchile.gob.cl/guiadelinversionista-idiomasGentilini, U., Almenfi, M., Orton, I., & Dale, P. (2020). Social protection and jobs responses to covid-19: A real-time review of country measures [Brief]. World Bank. https://doi.org/10.1596/33635Gilfillan, G. (2015, December 1). Definitions and data sources for small business in Australia: a quik guide. Parlamentary Library, research paper series, 16 https://www.aph.gov.au/About_Parliament/Parliamentary_Departments/Parliamentary_Library/pubs/rp/rp1516/Quick_Guides/DataGonzalez-Corzo, M. A. & Justo, O. (2017). Private Self-Employment under Reform Socialism in Cuba. The Journal of Private Enterprise, 32(2), 45-82.González-Corzo, M. & Justo, O. (2014, November 30). Self-Employment in Cuba since the VI Party Congress. ASCE. https://ascecuba.org/asce_proceedings/self-employment-in-cuba-since-the-vi-party-congress/Government of Chile. (s. f.). Servicio de Cooperación Técnica. SERCOTEC. Retrieved on February 25, 2022. https://asesoriavirtual.sercotec.cl/Condiciones_De_Uso/IndexGrewal, J., Mohan, A. & Pérez-Cavazos, G. (2019, January). Effects of transparency on customer-supplier contracting. Paper presented at Hawai’I Accounting Research Conference, Hilo, Hawaii. https://scholarspace.manoa.hawaii.edu/bitstream/10125/64916/HARC_2020_paper_249.pdfGuzmán, L. (s. f.). Lista de clínicas jurídicas. https://uft.cl/images/noticias/2018/julio/nota-lun/clinicasjuridicas-lun-uft.pdfHemmings, P. (2014). Australia’s economy. OECD Observer,24(3), 30-31. shorturl.at/izHJ6Hernández, L. M. (2019, May 22). Cuba’s Self-Employed Demand Legal Advice and Support. Havana Times. https://havanatimes.org/features/cubas-self-employed-demand-legal-advice-and-support/International Labour Organization. (2015). Thematic Labour Overview Small Enterprises, Large Gaps: Employment and Working Conditions in Micro and Small Enterprises in Latin America and the Caribbean. https://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---americas/---ro-lima/documents/publication/wcms_423684.pdfKinsett, L. (2013, July 26). Business and commercial matters. https://www.legalaid.vic.gov.au/find-legalanswers/business-and-commercial-mattersKPMG. (2020, May 6). Cuba - KPMG global. https://home.kpmg/xx/en/home/insights/2020/04/cubagovernment-and-institution-measures-in-response-to-covid.htmlKuritzkes, C. (2019, July 15). The End of Cuba’s Entrepreneurship Boom. Foreign Policy. https://foreignpolicy.com/2019/07/15/the-end-of-cubas-entrepeneurship-boom/Law Council of Australia. (2018). The Justice Project Final Report. https://www.lawcouncil.asn.au/justiceproject/access-to-justiceLawright. (s. f.). Homepage. Retrieved on February 25, 2022. https://www.lawright.org.au/Legal Aid. (2022). Homepage. https://www.legalaid.qld.gov.au/About-us/Policies-and-procedures/Grants-Policy-Manual/The-Merits-TestLeiman, T. (2014). What’s ahead? Telling prospective students about the inherent skills they need to succeed. Paper presented at 17th International First Year in Higher Education Conference.Leiman, T., Ankor, D. & Milne, J. (2015). Beginning in the First Year: Towards a Vertically Integrated Curriculum for Clinical Legal Education: A Practice Report. International Journal of the First Year in Higher Education, 6(1) 171-177. https://doi.org/10.5204/intjfyhe.v6i1.261Linnenluecke, M. K. (2017). Resilience in business and management research: A review of influential publications and a research agenda. International Journal of Management Reviews, 19(1), 4-30. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijmr.12076Mesa Tejeda, N. T. (2017). Notes on the Categories of Foreign Investment in Cuba. Florida Journal of International Law, 29(1), 77-90. t.ly/beoEMiranda, B. (2020, May 1). Coronavirus en Cuba: cómo funciona el agresivo modelo de vigilancia epidemiológica contra la covid-19. BBC News. https://bbc.com/mundo/noticias-america-latina-52496344Morris, E. & Kelman, I. (2020, April 15). Coronavirus response: why Cuba is such an interesting case. The Conversation. https://theconversation.com/coronavirus-response-why-cuba-is-such-an-interesting-case-135749National Australia Bank. NAB. (2020, march 01). Two-thirds of Australian SMEs impacted by bushfires, NAB survey shows. https://news.nab.com.au/two-thirds-of-australian-smes-impacted-by-bushfires-nab-survey-shows/Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. OECD. (2020a). Australia Economic Snapshot. https://www.oecd.org/economy/australia-economic-snapshot/Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. OECD. (2020b). Chile Economic Snapshot. http://www.oecd.org/economy/chile-economic-snapshot/Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. OECD. (2019). OECD SME and Entrepreneurship Outlook 2019. OECD Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1787/34907e9c-enOrganisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. OECD. (2018). Chile. OECD Publishing, https://doi.org/10.1787/fin_sme_ent-2018-18-enOrganisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. (2018). Production Transformation Policy Review of Chile: Reaping the Benefits of New Frontiers, OECD Development Pathways, OECD Publishing. http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/9789264288379-enParra, C. M. & Haar, J. (2018). MNC-SME Linkages in Latin America [White Paper]. Retrieved from https://www.as-coa.org/sites/default/files/archive/MNC-SMEwhitepaper-compressed.pdfPlastow, K. (2020). Small businesses face uphill battle as COVID-19 restrictions ease. The New Daily https://thenewdaily.com.au/finance/consumer/2020/05/08/small-business-coronavirus-2/Pro Bono Fundation. (2020). About us. https://probono.cl/quienes-somos/about-us/Queensland government. (1973). Trusts Act 1973—Sect 23 Law and equity preserved. http://classic.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/qld/consol_act/ta1973132/s23.htmlQueensland government. (2012, may 28). Partnership Act 1891. https://www.legislation.qld.gov.au/view/html/inforce/current/act-1891-007Queensland Law Society. (2019). Access to Justice Scorecard: Evaluating access to justice in Queensland [Report]. https://www.qls.com.au/getattachment/3101be6e-fd79-45e0-bc56-fc77d12b0280/doc20200521_access_to_justice_19_report_fnl.pdfRodríguez, A. (2020, January 30). Cuban SMEs still waiting for law to regulate them. Cuba News. https://oncubanews.com/en/cuba/cuban-smes-still-waiting-for-law-to-regulate-them/Rojas, R. D. (2019, September 7). Command Economies Don’t Promote Development, Cuba is No Exception. Havana Times. https://www.havanatimes.org/features/command-economies-dontpromote-development-cuba-is-no-exception/Schaper, M. (2014). A brief history of small business in Australia, 1970-2010. Journal of Entrepreneurship and Public Policy, 3(2), 222-236. RePEc:eme:jepppp:v:3:y:2014:i:2:p:222-236Schmieg, E. (2017). Cuba “Updates” Its Economic Model: Perspectives for Cooperation with the European Union (SWP Research Paper No. 6). https://www.swp-berlin.org/fileadmin/contents/products/research_papers/2017RP06_scm.pdfServicio de Impuestos Internos [Internal Revenue Service]. (n.d.). Infografía a las Pymes [SMEs infographic]. http://www.sii.cl/sobre_el_sii/info_empresas_pyme.pdfSweig, J. (2016). Cuba: What everyone needs to know (3rd ed). Oxford University Press.Terrero, A. (2020, June 8). Cinco desafíos y una oportunidad [Five challenges and an opportunity]. Cuba Debate. http://www.cubadebate.cu/opinion/2020/06/08/cinco-desafios-y-una-oportunidad/Thorpe, J. (2020). The possible economic consequences of a novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. PWC Australia. https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/possible-economic-consequences-global-novelcovid-19-pandemic-thorpe?articleId=6640761122603524096World Bank. (2021, April 08). The World Bank In Chile. https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/chile/overviewUniversia Chile. (2019, December 3). Conoce las Clínicas Jurídicas universitarias en funcionamiento. Universia. https://www.universia.net/cl/actualidad/vida-universitaria/conoce-clinicas-juridicasuniversitarias-funcionamiento-1167192.htmlUniversidad de la Frontera. (2019, May 24). Catalogue FCJE-UFRO. https://issuu.com/fcjeufro/docs/cat_logo_fcje-ufro_espa_ol-ingl_sUniversity of New South Wales. (s. f.). Kingsford legal centre. UNSW. Retrieved on February 25, 2022. https://www.klc.unsw.edu.au/University of Queensland. (2010). UQ Pro Bono Centre. School of Law. https://law.uq.edu.au/pro-bonoWorld Bank. (2020, April, 14). Map of sme-support measures in response to covid-19. [Text/HTML]. https://www.worldbank.org/en/data/interactive/2020/04/14/map-of-sme-support-measures-in-response-to-covid-19Žebrytė, I., Fonseca-Vasquez, F. & Hartley, R. (2019). Emerging economy entrepreneurs and open data: Decision-making for natural disaster resilience. Journal of Small Business Strategy, 29(1), 36-47. https://libjournals.mtsu.edu/index.php/jsbs/article/view/1358Zevallos, E. V. (2003, April). Micro, small and medium-sized enterprises in Latin America, CEPAL Review,79. https://repositorio.cepal.org/bitstream/handle/11362/10928/1/79051068I_en.pdfNúm. 1 , Año 2022 : Enero - Juniohttps://revistasojs.ucaldas.edu.co/index.php/juridicas/article/download/7369/6504https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2Cantatore, FrancinaMesa Tejeda, NatachaStevenson Graf, LindseyŽebrytė, IevaGuerrero, Joaquinoai:repositorio.ucaldas.edu.co:ucaldas/243472025-10-08T21:31:41Z |
