Actualización en el funcionamiento de la glándula tiroides en caninos. Primera parte: Funcionamiento normal.

Objetivo. Actualizar conceptos sobre el funcionamiento normal de la glándula tiroides en caninos.  Materiales y métodos. Se analizó la literatura disponible de los últimos 50 años en las bases de datos BBCS-LILACS, Fuente Académica, IB-PsycINFO, IB-SSCI, IB-SciELO, Scopus y Scirus, al i...

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2022
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Universidad de Caldas
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https://revistasojs.ucaldas.edu.co/index.php/biosalud/article/view/4755
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hormonas
tiroides
perros
hormones
thyroid
dogs
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Revista Biosalud - 2011
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network_name_str Repositorio Institucional U. Caldas
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dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Actualización en el funcionamiento de la glándula tiroides en caninos. Primera parte: Funcionamiento normal.
Update of the thyroid gland functioning in canines. Part I: Normal functioning
title Actualización en el funcionamiento de la glándula tiroides en caninos. Primera parte: Funcionamiento normal.
spellingShingle Actualización en el funcionamiento de la glándula tiroides en caninos. Primera parte: Funcionamiento normal.
hormonas
tiroides
perros
hormones
thyroid
dogs
title_short Actualización en el funcionamiento de la glándula tiroides en caninos. Primera parte: Funcionamiento normal.
title_full Actualización en el funcionamiento de la glándula tiroides en caninos. Primera parte: Funcionamiento normal.
title_fullStr Actualización en el funcionamiento de la glándula tiroides en caninos. Primera parte: Funcionamiento normal.
title_full_unstemmed Actualización en el funcionamiento de la glándula tiroides en caninos. Primera parte: Funcionamiento normal.
title_sort Actualización en el funcionamiento de la glándula tiroides en caninos. Primera parte: Funcionamiento normal.
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv hormonas
tiroides
perros
hormones
thyroid
dogs
topic hormonas
tiroides
perros
hormones
thyroid
dogs
description Objetivo. Actualizar conceptos sobre el funcionamiento normal de la glándula tiroides en caninos.  Materiales y métodos. Se analizó la literatura disponible de los últimos 50 años en las bases de datos BBCS-LILACS, Fuente Académica, IB-PsycINFO, IB-SSCI, IB-SciELO, Scopus y Scirus, al igual que artículos históricos, textos y referencias citadas en trabajos públicos. Resultados. Se obtuvo información pertinente relacionada con los objetivos propuestos en la presente revisión, por lo cual puede clasificarse en 3 secciones a saber: síntesis de las hormonas tiroideas, transporte de las hormonas tiroideas, funciones de las hormonas tiroideas. Conclusión. La glándula tiroides juega un papel importante, como productora de hormonas tiroideas, siendo necesarias para la diferenciación celular y crecimiento del organismo. El buen funcionamiento de las vías metabólicas depende de estas hormonas, las que tienen efectos específicos sobre diferentes órganos, manteniendo la homeostasis entre todos los tejidos.
publishDate 2022
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2022-03-17T00:36:58Z
2022-03-17T00:36:58Z
2022-03-17
2025-10-08T21:16:30Z
2025-10-08T21:16:30Z
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv Artículo de revista
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http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_dcae04bc
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dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv 1657-9550
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https://revistasojs.ucaldas.edu.co/index.php/biosalud/article/view/4755
identifier_str_mv 1657-9550
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url https://repositorio.ucaldas.edu.co/handle/ucaldas/23725
https://revistasojs.ucaldas.edu.co/index.php/biosalud/article/view/4755
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv spa
language spa
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv 112
1
99
10
Biosalud
Sisson S, Grossman JD. Anatomía de los animales domésticos. 4a ed. Barcelona: Salvat; 1959. p. 524-526, 543.
O’Rahilly R, et al. Anatomía de Gardner. 5ª ed. México: McGraw-Hill, Interamericana S.A. de C.V.; 1989. p. 794-796.
Smith BJ. Canine Anatomy. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 1999. p. 54-55.
Capen CC. Endocrine Glands. In: Maxie MG, ed. Jubb, Kennedy & Palmer’s Pathology of Domestic Animals. 5th ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier Saunders; 2007. p. 379-382.
Landek M, Caturegli P. Anatomy of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Thyroid Axis. In: Wondisford FE, Radovick S, eds. Clinical Management of Thyroid Disease. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders; 2009. p. 3-6.
Dumont JE. The action of thyrotropin on thyroid metabolism. Vitams. Horm. 1971; 29:287-412.
Fregly MG. Activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis during exposure to cold. Pharmacol Ther 1989; 4(1-2):85-142.
Molina PE. Endocrine physiology. 2nd ed. New York: McGraw-Hill; 2004. p. 73-92.
Brook CGD, Marshall NJ. Essential endocrinology. 4th ed. London: Blackwell Science; 2001. p. 78-85.
Rijnberk A. Clinical Endocrinology of Dogs and Cats. Dordrecht/Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers; 1996. p. 35-40.
Dohan O, Carrasco N. Advances in Na+/I- symporter (NIS) research in the thyroid and beyond. Proceedings of the Conference entitled Thyroid and Gonadal Hormones in Health and Disease. Mol. Cell. Endocrinol. 2003 Dec; 213(1):59-70.
McDowell LR. Iodine, Minerals in Animal and Human Nutrition. 2ª ed. Amsterdam: Elsevier; 2003. p. 305-334.
Andersson H. Clinical Reproductive Endocrinology, Clinical Biochemistry of Domestic Animals 6th ed. San Diego: Academic Press; 2008. p. 623-628.
Berson SA. Pathways of iodine metabolism, Symposium on the Pathologic Physiology of Thyroid Diseases. Am J Med. 1956 May; 20 (5):653-669.
Myant NB, Corbett BD, Honour AJ, Pochin EE. Distribution of radioiodide in man. Clin. Sci. 1950; 9:405.
Keating FR, Power MH, Berkso l, Haines SF. The urinary excretion of radioiodine in various thyroid states. J. Clin. Invest. 1947; 26(6):1138.
Wolff J, Chaikoff IL. Plasma inorganic iodide as a homeostatic regulator of thyroid. J. Biol. Chem. 1948; 174:555-564.
Levy O, Carrasco N. Structure and function of the thyroid iodide transporter and its implications for thyroid disease. Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes 1997; 4:364-370.
Riedel C, Dohán O, De la Vieja A, Ginter CS, Carrasco N. Journey of the iodide transporter NIS: from its molecular identification to its clinical role in cancer. Trends. Biochem. Sci. 2001; 26:490-496.
Dai G, Levy O, Amzel LM, Carrasco N. The mediator of thyroidal iodide accumulation: the sodium/iodide symporter. In: Konings WN, Kaback HR, Lolkema JS, eds. Handbook of biological physics. Transport processes in eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms. Amsterdam: Elsevier; 1996. p.343-367.
Dohan O, De la Vieja A, Carrasco N. Molecular Study of the Sodium-Iodide Symporter (NIS): A New Field in Thyroidology. Trends endocrinol metab. 2000 Apr; 11(3):99-105.
Massart C, Corbineau E. Transporteurs d’iodures et fonction thyroidienne. Immuno-analyse & Biologie Specialisée 2006; 21(3):138-143.
Vanderlaan LE, Vanderlaan WP. The iodide concentrating mechanism of the rat thyroid and its inhibition by thiocyanate. Endocrinology 1947; 40:403.
Carrasco N. Iodide transport in the thyroid gland. Biochim Biophys Acta 1993; 1154:65-82.
Kohn LD, Suzuki K, Nakazato M, Royaux I, Green ED. Effects of thyroglobulin and pendrin on iodide flux through the thyrocyte. Trends endocrinol metab. 2001 Jan; 12(1):10-16.
Rodríguez AM, Perron B, Lacroix L, Caillou B, Leblanc G, Schlumberger M, et al. Identification and characterization of a putative human iodide transporter located at the apical membrane of thyrocytes. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 2002; 87:3500-3503.
Roche J, Michel R. Nature, biosynthesis and metabolism of thyroid hormones. Physiol. Rev. 1955; 35:583.
Nussey SS, Whitehead SA. Endocrinology: An integrated approach. Exeter: BIOS Scientific publishers limited; 2001. p. 71-79.
McGinty DA, Sharp EA. Effect of iodine intake on thyroid iodine distribution and thyroid weight of rats treated with thiouracil and other goitrogens. J. Clin. Endocrinol. 1946; 6:473.
Roland M, Montfort M, Lissitsky S. Efficiency of thyroglobulin as a thyroid hormone-forming protein. Biochim Biophys Act 1993; 303:338-347.
Gross J, Pitt-R R. 3,5,3’ triiodothryonine. Isolation from the thyroid gland and synthesis. Biochem J. 1953; 53:645-650.
Harington CR, Barger G. Chemistry of thyroxine III: Constitution and synthesis of thyroxine. Biochem. J. 1927; 21:169-171.
Vélez H, Rojas W, Borrero J, Restrepo J. Endocrinología - Fundamentos de medicina. 6ª ed. Medellín, Colombia: Corporación para Investigaciones Biológicas; 2004. p. 40-90.
Goodman HM. Thyroid Gland, Basic Medical Endocrinology. 3rd ed. San Diego: Academic Press; 2003. p. 77-109.
Nunez J. Iodination and thyroid hormone synthesis. In: De Visscher M, ed. The thyroid gland. New York: Raven Press; 1980. p. 39-60.
Lissitzky S. Thyroid hormones. In: Baulieu EE, Kelly PA. Hormones: From molecules to disease. France: Chapman and Hall; 1990. p. 343-363.
Roche J, Michel R, Lafon M. Sur la formation et des ses précurseurs dans les iodoprotéines. Biochim. et biophys. Acta, 1947; 1:453-466.
Murray RK, Granner DK, Mayes PA, Rodwell VW. Bioquímica de Harper. 15a ed. México: El Manual Moderno; 2001. p. 641-646.
Gershengorn MC, Glinoer D, Robbins J. Transport and metabolism of thyroid hormones. In: De Visscher M, ed. The thyroid gland. New York: Raven Press; 1980. p. 81-121.
Leeper R. Recent Advances in the Biochemistry of Thyroid Regulation. In: Bodansky O, Stewart CP, eds. Advances in Clinical Chemistry. New York: Elsevier; 1969; 12:387-424.
Wiersinga WM. Thyroid Gland, Anatomy and Physiology. In: Luciano Martini, Editor in Chief. Encyclopedia of Endocrine Disease. New York: Elsevier; 2004. p. 453-45.
Oppenheimer JH. Role of the plasma proteins in the binding, distribution and metabolism of the thyroid hormones. N. Eng. J. Med. 1968; 278:1153-1662.
Merchant B, Lees FH, Alexander WK. Antithyroid drugs. In: Hershman JA, Bray GA, eds. The thyroid. Oxford: Pergamon Press; 1979. p. 252-290.
Gordon AH, Gross J, O’Connor D, Pitt-Rivers R. Nature of the circulating thyroid hormone plasma protein complex. Nature 1952; 169:19-20.
Cunningham JG. Fisiología Veterinaria. 3a ed. Madrid: Saunders; 2003. p. 342-346.
Journal of Equine Veterinary Science. Thyroid hormone 1997 Dec; 17(12):654-655.
Leonard JL, Visser TJ. Biochemistry of deodination. In: Henneman G, ed. Thyroid hormone metabolism. New York: Marcel Dekker; 1986. p. 189.
Bianco AC, Larsen PR. Intracellular pathways of iodothyronine metabolism. In: Braverman LE, Utiger RD. Werner & Ingbar’s the thyroid: A fundamental and clinical test. 9th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2005. p 109-131.
St. Germain DL, Galton VA. The deodinase family of selenoproteins. Thyroid 1997; 7:655.
Oppenheimer JH. Thyroid hormone action at the cellular level. Science 1979. 20:971-979.
Neal JM. How the endocrine system works. Massachusetts: Blackwell Science; 2001. p. 23-26.
Weiss RE, Refetoff S. Effect of thyroid hormone on growth. Lessons from the syndrome of resistance to thyroid hormone. Endocrinol. Metab. Clin. North Am. 1996; 25:719-730.
Greenspan SL, Greenspan FS. The effect of thyroid hormone on skeletal integrity. Ann. Intern. Med. 1999; 130:750-758.
Bassett JHD, Williams GR. The molecular actions of thyroid hormone in bone. Trends endocrinol metab. 2003 Oct; 14(8):356-364.
Porterfield SP, Henderson CE. The role of thyroid hormone in prenatal and neonatal neurological development – current perspectives. Endocr. Rev. 1993; 14:94-106.
Bernal J. Thyroid Hormones and Brain Development. In: Pfaff DW, Arnold AP, Fahrbach SE, Etgen AM, Rubin RT, eds. Hormones, Brain and Behavior. San Diego: Academic Press; 2002. p. 543-587.
Yen PM. Physiological and Molecular Basis of Thyroid Hormone Action. Physiol Rev 2001 Jul; 81:1097-1142.
Simonides WS. Thyroid Hormone Action. In: Martini L, Editor in Chief. Encyclopedia of Endocrine Diseases. New York: Elsevier; 2004. p. 462-473.
Lanni A, Moreno M, Lombardi A, Goglia F. Thyroid hormone and uncoupling proteins. FEBS Letters 2003 May; 543(1-3):5-10.
Hoch FL. Lipids and thyroid hormones. Prog Lipid Res 1988; 27(3):199-270.
Collin A, Cassy S, Buyse J, Decuypere E, Damon M. Potential involvement of mammalian and avian uncoupling proteins in the thermogenic effect of thyroid hormones. Farm Animal Endocrinology Special Issue Part 1. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2005 Jul; 29(1):78-87.
Reece WO. Functional anatomy and physiology of domestic animals. 4th ed. Iowa: Wiley-Blackwell; 2009. p. 165-167.
Netter FH, Forsham PH, Monteys EG. Sistema endocrino y enfermedades metabólicas. 1a ed. Barcelona: Elsevier; 2006. p. 47-49.
Harvey CB, Williams GR. Mechanism of thyroid hormone action. Thyroid 2002; 12:441-446.
Brandan NC, Llanos IC, Miño CA, Ruiz DA. Hormonas tiroideas. Actualización. Argentina: Universidad Nacional del Nordeste; 2007. p. 1-7.
Cini G, Carpi A, Mechanick J, Cini L, Camici M, Galetta F, Giardino R, Russo MA, Lervasi G. Thyroid hormones and the cardiovascular system: Pathophysiology and interventions. Biomed Pharmacother 2009 Dec; 63(10):742-753.
Núm. 1 , Año 2011 : Enero - Junio
https://revistasojs.ucaldas.edu.co/index.php/biosalud/article/download/4755/4340
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv Revista Biosalud - 2011
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dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv Universidad de Caldas
publisher.none.fl_str_mv Universidad de Caldas
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spelling Actualización en el funcionamiento de la glándula tiroides en caninos. Primera parte: Funcionamiento normal.Update of the thyroid gland functioning in canines. Part I: Normal functioninghormonastiroidesperroshormonesthyroiddogsObjetivo. Actualizar conceptos sobre el funcionamiento normal de la glándula tiroides en caninos.  Materiales y métodos. Se analizó la literatura disponible de los últimos 50 años en las bases de datos BBCS-LILACS, Fuente Académica, IB-PsycINFO, IB-SSCI, IB-SciELO, Scopus y Scirus, al igual que artículos históricos, textos y referencias citadas en trabajos públicos. Resultados. Se obtuvo información pertinente relacionada con los objetivos propuestos en la presente revisión, por lo cual puede clasificarse en 3 secciones a saber: síntesis de las hormonas tiroideas, transporte de las hormonas tiroideas, funciones de las hormonas tiroideas. Conclusión. La glándula tiroides juega un papel importante, como productora de hormonas tiroideas, siendo necesarias para la diferenciación celular y crecimiento del organismo. El buen funcionamiento de las vías metabólicas depende de estas hormonas, las que tienen efectos específicos sobre diferentes órganos, manteniendo la homeostasis entre todos los tejidos.Objective. To update concepts related to normal function of the thyroid gland in canines. Materials and methods. Information from the last 50 years including the BBCS-LILACS data bases, Fuente Académica, IB-PsycINFO, IB-SSCI, IB-SciELO, Scopus and Scirus, databases as well as historical articles, texts and references cited in work published to date were analyzed. Results. Pertinent information related with the objectives proposed in the present review was found and analyzed. It was then divided into three sections as follows: synthesis of thyroid hormones, transport of thyroid hormones and functions of thyroid hormones.  Conclusion. The thyroid gland plays an important role producing thyroid hormones which are necessary for cellular differentiation and organic growth. The adequate functioning of metabolic ways depends of these hormones, which have specific effects on different organs maintaining homeostasis between all tissues.Universidad de Caldas2022-03-17T00:36:58Z2025-10-08T21:16:30Z2022-03-17T00:36:58Z2025-10-08T21:16:30Z2022-03-17Artículo de revistahttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_dcae04bcTextinfo:eu-repo/semantics/articleJournal articlehttp://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/ARTREVinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1application/pdf1657-9550https://repositorio.ucaldas.edu.co/handle/ucaldas/237252462-960Xhttps://revistasojs.ucaldas.edu.co/index.php/biosalud/article/view/4755https://revistasojs.ucaldas.edu.co/index.php/biosalud/article/view/4755spa11219910BiosaludSisson S, Grossman JD. Anatomía de los animales domésticos. 4a ed. Barcelona: Salvat; 1959. p. 524-526, 543.O’Rahilly R, et al. Anatomía de Gardner. 5ª ed. México: McGraw-Hill, Interamericana S.A. de C.V.; 1989. p. 794-796.Smith BJ. Canine Anatomy. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 1999. p. 54-55.Capen CC. Endocrine Glands. In: Maxie MG, ed. Jubb, Kennedy & Palmer’s Pathology of Domestic Animals. 5th ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier Saunders; 2007. p. 379-382.Landek M, Caturegli P. Anatomy of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Thyroid Axis. In: Wondisford FE, Radovick S, eds. Clinical Management of Thyroid Disease. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders; 2009. p. 3-6.Dumont JE. The action of thyrotropin on thyroid metabolism. Vitams. Horm. 1971; 29:287-412.Fregly MG. Activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis during exposure to cold. Pharmacol Ther 1989; 4(1-2):85-142.Molina PE. Endocrine physiology. 2nd ed. New York: McGraw-Hill; 2004. p. 73-92.Brook CGD, Marshall NJ. Essential endocrinology. 4th ed. London: Blackwell Science; 2001. p. 78-85.Rijnberk A. Clinical Endocrinology of Dogs and Cats. Dordrecht/Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers; 1996. p. 35-40.Dohan O, Carrasco N. Advances in Na+/I- symporter (NIS) research in the thyroid and beyond. Proceedings of the Conference entitled Thyroid and Gonadal Hormones in Health and Disease. Mol. Cell. Endocrinol. 2003 Dec; 213(1):59-70.McDowell LR. Iodine, Minerals in Animal and Human Nutrition. 2ª ed. Amsterdam: Elsevier; 2003. p. 305-334.Andersson H. Clinical Reproductive Endocrinology, Clinical Biochemistry of Domestic Animals 6th ed. San Diego: Academic Press; 2008. p. 623-628.Berson SA. Pathways of iodine metabolism, Symposium on the Pathologic Physiology of Thyroid Diseases. Am J Med. 1956 May; 20 (5):653-669.Myant NB, Corbett BD, Honour AJ, Pochin EE. Distribution of radioiodide in man. Clin. Sci. 1950; 9:405.Keating FR, Power MH, Berkso l, Haines SF. The urinary excretion of radioiodine in various thyroid states. J. Clin. Invest. 1947; 26(6):1138.Wolff J, Chaikoff IL. Plasma inorganic iodide as a homeostatic regulator of thyroid. J. Biol. Chem. 1948; 174:555-564.Levy O, Carrasco N. Structure and function of the thyroid iodide transporter and its implications for thyroid disease. Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes 1997; 4:364-370.Riedel C, Dohán O, De la Vieja A, Ginter CS, Carrasco N. Journey of the iodide transporter NIS: from its molecular identification to its clinical role in cancer. Trends. Biochem. Sci. 2001; 26:490-496.Dai G, Levy O, Amzel LM, Carrasco N. The mediator of thyroidal iodide accumulation: the sodium/iodide symporter. In: Konings WN, Kaback HR, Lolkema JS, eds. Handbook of biological physics. Transport processes in eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms. Amsterdam: Elsevier; 1996. p.343-367.Dohan O, De la Vieja A, Carrasco N. Molecular Study of the Sodium-Iodide Symporter (NIS): A New Field in Thyroidology. Trends endocrinol metab. 2000 Apr; 11(3):99-105.Massart C, Corbineau E. Transporteurs d’iodures et fonction thyroidienne. Immuno-analyse & Biologie Specialisée 2006; 21(3):138-143.Vanderlaan LE, Vanderlaan WP. The iodide concentrating mechanism of the rat thyroid and its inhibition by thiocyanate. Endocrinology 1947; 40:403.Carrasco N. Iodide transport in the thyroid gland. Biochim Biophys Acta 1993; 1154:65-82.Kohn LD, Suzuki K, Nakazato M, Royaux I, Green ED. Effects of thyroglobulin and pendrin on iodide flux through the thyrocyte. Trends endocrinol metab. 2001 Jan; 12(1):10-16.Rodríguez AM, Perron B, Lacroix L, Caillou B, Leblanc G, Schlumberger M, et al. Identification and characterization of a putative human iodide transporter located at the apical membrane of thyrocytes. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 2002; 87:3500-3503.Roche J, Michel R. Nature, biosynthesis and metabolism of thyroid hormones. Physiol. Rev. 1955; 35:583.Nussey SS, Whitehead SA. Endocrinology: An integrated approach. Exeter: BIOS Scientific publishers limited; 2001. p. 71-79.McGinty DA, Sharp EA. Effect of iodine intake on thyroid iodine distribution and thyroid weight of rats treated with thiouracil and other goitrogens. J. Clin. Endocrinol. 1946; 6:473.Roland M, Montfort M, Lissitsky S. Efficiency of thyroglobulin as a thyroid hormone-forming protein. Biochim Biophys Act 1993; 303:338-347.Gross J, Pitt-R R. 3,5,3’ triiodothryonine. Isolation from the thyroid gland and synthesis. Biochem J. 1953; 53:645-650.Harington CR, Barger G. Chemistry of thyroxine III: Constitution and synthesis of thyroxine. Biochem. J. 1927; 21:169-171.Vélez H, Rojas W, Borrero J, Restrepo J. Endocrinología - Fundamentos de medicina. 6ª ed. Medellín, Colombia: Corporación para Investigaciones Biológicas; 2004. p. 40-90.Goodman HM. Thyroid Gland, Basic Medical Endocrinology. 3rd ed. San Diego: Academic Press; 2003. p. 77-109.Nunez J. Iodination and thyroid hormone synthesis. In: De Visscher M, ed. The thyroid gland. New York: Raven Press; 1980. p. 39-60.Lissitzky S. Thyroid hormones. In: Baulieu EE, Kelly PA. Hormones: From molecules to disease. France: Chapman and Hall; 1990. p. 343-363.Roche J, Michel R, Lafon M. Sur la formation et des ses précurseurs dans les iodoprotéines. Biochim. et biophys. Acta, 1947; 1:453-466.Murray RK, Granner DK, Mayes PA, Rodwell VW. Bioquímica de Harper. 15a ed. México: El Manual Moderno; 2001. p. 641-646.Gershengorn MC, Glinoer D, Robbins J. Transport and metabolism of thyroid hormones. In: De Visscher M, ed. The thyroid gland. New York: Raven Press; 1980. p. 81-121.Leeper R. Recent Advances in the Biochemistry of Thyroid Regulation. In: Bodansky O, Stewart CP, eds. Advances in Clinical Chemistry. New York: Elsevier; 1969; 12:387-424.Wiersinga WM. Thyroid Gland, Anatomy and Physiology. In: Luciano Martini, Editor in Chief. Encyclopedia of Endocrine Disease. New York: Elsevier; 2004. p. 453-45.Oppenheimer JH. Role of the plasma proteins in the binding, distribution and metabolism of the thyroid hormones. N. Eng. J. Med. 1968; 278:1153-1662.Merchant B, Lees FH, Alexander WK. Antithyroid drugs. In: Hershman JA, Bray GA, eds. The thyroid. Oxford: Pergamon Press; 1979. p. 252-290.Gordon AH, Gross J, O’Connor D, Pitt-Rivers R. Nature of the circulating thyroid hormone plasma protein complex. Nature 1952; 169:19-20.Cunningham JG. Fisiología Veterinaria. 3a ed. Madrid: Saunders; 2003. p. 342-346.Journal of Equine Veterinary Science. Thyroid hormone 1997 Dec; 17(12):654-655.Leonard JL, Visser TJ. Biochemistry of deodination. In: Henneman G, ed. Thyroid hormone metabolism. New York: Marcel Dekker; 1986. p. 189.Bianco AC, Larsen PR. Intracellular pathways of iodothyronine metabolism. In: Braverman LE, Utiger RD. Werner & Ingbar’s the thyroid: A fundamental and clinical test. 9th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2005. p 109-131.St. Germain DL, Galton VA. The deodinase family of selenoproteins. Thyroid 1997; 7:655.Oppenheimer JH. Thyroid hormone action at the cellular level. 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