Estratigrafía y geocronología de los depósitos de corrientes de densidad piroclástica en el río El Barranco, Complejo Volcánico Galeras, Colombia

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Fecha de publicación:: 2023

Institución:: Universidad de Caldas

Repositorio:: Repositorio Institucional U. Caldas

Idioma:: eng
spa

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network_acronym_str	REPOUCALDA
network_name_str	Repositorio Institucional U. Caldas
repository_id_str
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv	Estratigrafía y geocronología de los depósitos de corrientes de densidad piroclástica en el río El Barranco, Complejo Volcánico Galeras, Colombia
title	Estratigrafía y geocronología de los depósitos de corrientes de densidad piroclástica en el río El Barranco, Complejo Volcánico Galeras, Colombia
spellingShingle	Estratigrafía y geocronología de los depósitos de corrientes de densidad piroclástica en el río El Barranco, Complejo Volcánico Galeras, Colombia Corrientes de densidad piroclástica Volcán Galeras Erupción subpliniana Erupción vulcaniana Erupción de "blast" Ciencias de la tierra
title_short	Estratigrafía y geocronología de los depósitos de corrientes de densidad piroclástica en el río El Barranco, Complejo Volcánico Galeras, Colombia
title_full	Estratigrafía y geocronología de los depósitos de corrientes de densidad piroclástica en el río El Barranco, Complejo Volcánico Galeras, Colombia
title_fullStr	Estratigrafía y geocronología de los depósitos de corrientes de densidad piroclástica en el río El Barranco, Complejo Volcánico Galeras, Colombia
title_full_unstemmed	Estratigrafía y geocronología de los depósitos de corrientes de densidad piroclástica en el río El Barranco, Complejo Volcánico Galeras, Colombia
title_sort	Estratigrafía y geocronología de los depósitos de corrientes de densidad piroclástica en el río El Barranco, Complejo Volcánico Galeras, Colombia
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv	Murcia, Hugo Thouret Jean-Claude Cordoba Gustavo Llano Montenegro David -GIEV-(CUMANDAY) Grupo de Investigación en Estratigrafía y Vulcanología (Categoría A1)
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv	Corrientes de densidad piroclástica Volcán Galeras Erupción subpliniana Erupción vulcaniana Erupción de "blast" Ciencias de la tierra
topic	Corrientes de densidad piroclástica Volcán Galeras Erupción subpliniana Erupción vulcaniana Erupción de "blast" Ciencias de la tierra
description	Ilustraciones, fotos, mapas
publishDate	2023
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv	2023-04-10T23:41:01Z 2023-04-10T23:41:01Z 2023-04-10
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv	Trabajo de grado - Pregrado http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_7a1f Text info:eu-repo/semantics/bachelorThesis https://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/TP
dc.type.coarversion.fl_str_mv	http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv	https://repositorio.ucaldas.edu.co/handle/ucaldas/18890 Universidad de Caldas Repositorio Institucional Universidad de Caldas https://repositorio.ucaldas.edu.co/
url	https://repositorio.ucaldas.edu.co/handle/ucaldas/18890 https://repositorio.ucaldas.edu.co/
identifier_str_mv	Universidad de Caldas Repositorio Institucional Universidad de Caldas
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv	eng spa
language	eng spa
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spelling	Estratigrafía y geocronología de los depósitos de corrientes de densidad piroclástica en el río El Barranco, Complejo Volcánico Galeras, ColombiaCorrientes de densidad piroclásticaVolcán GalerasErupción subplinianaErupción vulcanianaErupción de "blast"Ciencias de la tierraIlustraciones, fotos, mapasspa:El Complejo Volcánico Galeras (CVG) es un volcán compuesto que se localiza en el el valle Cauca-Patía, entre lascordillerasCentral yOccidental, en el departamento deNariño, al sur de Colombia. Su última etapa eruptiva, el volcán Galeras sensu stricto, se considera como uno de los volcanesmás activosde Colombia, con erupcionestípicamente vulcanianas, desde hace ca. 4500 años. En este trabajo se exponen losresultadosdel análisisestratigráfico, geocronológico, de vesicularidad y morfológico en fragmentos de pómez, de componentes y granulométrico, de ocho depósitosde corrientesdedensidadpiroclásticas(CDPs) que afloran a lo largo del valle del río El Barranco, en el municipio de La Florida, al NW del CVG. Los depósitos de CDPs sobreyacen discordantemente a depósitos de flujos de lava andesíticos de la etapa Genoy(150 – 40 ka) del CVG y fueron denominados desde Unidad U1 hasta Unidad U8. Las unidades U1 (8303 ± 97 y 8284,5 ± 90,5 cal AP), U2 (7667 ± 78 cal AP), U3 (5082 ± 198, 5096,5 ± 226,5, 5801,5 ± 481,5 y 5966 ± 235 cal AP, edades tomadas de investigaciones anteriores), U4 (4625 ± 181 cal AP), y U6 (2215,5 ± 101,5 y 2033 ± 91 cal AP) se componen, en orden de abundancia, de fragmentos de pómez, líticos volcánicos, y cristales libres de anfíbol y plagioclasa, mientras que las unidades U5 (3201,5 ± 129 cal AP), U7 (1066,5 ± 109,5 y 944,5 ± 115,4 cal AP) y U8 (390,5 ± 80,5 cal AP), se componen de líticosvolcánicos, fragmentosde pómez y cristalesde plagioclasa yanfíbol. Intercalado entre U3 y U4, un depósito de caída piroclástica muestra un alto contenido de biotita que sirvió de nivel guía, mientras que un depósito de lahar de tipo flujo de escombros, separa las unidades U6 y U7. Con base en su composición, las unidades U1, U2, U3, y U6, se clasifican como depósitos de flujos piroclásticos de pómez generadas por el colapso de pequeñas columnas, lo cual se relaciona con eventos eruptivos de tipo pliniano, específicamente subpliniano, mientras que la Unidad U4 se asocia a un evento tipo “blast”, causado por la sobrepresión ejercida por los gases de un magma viscoso. Finalmente, las unidades U5, U7 y U8 se clasifican como depósitos de bloques y ceniza generados por la destrucción de domos intracratéricos y colapso de columnas eruptivas vulcanianas. Las unidades U3, U4, U5, U6 y U7 se correlacionan estratigráfica y geocronológicamente con depósitos estudiados previamente en el CVG, sin embargo, las unidades U1, U2 yU8, se consideran como eventos aúnnoregistrados en lahistoriaeruptivadel volcán Galeras. Ladatación ycaracterizacióndela Unidad U1, permite proponer que la historia eruptiva del volcán Galeras inició a principios del Holoceno (~8300 años AP), y no hace 4500 AP, como se ha establecido hasta el momento. Adicionalmente, el registro de la Unidad U8 en el pueblo de La Florida, ratifica la amenaza alta por CDPs para esta población. De esta manera, esta investigación mejora la resolución de la información vulcanológica de la zona y contribuye al entendimiento de la evolución eruptiva del volcán Galeras.eng:Abstract The Galeras Volcanic Complex (GVC) is a composite volcano located in the CaucaPatía valley, between the Central and Western mountain ranges, in the department of Nariño, in southern Colombia. Its last eruptive stage, the Galeras volcano sensu stricto, is considered one of the most active volcanoes in Colombia, with typically Vulcanian eruptions, since ca. 4500 years. This study presents the results of stratigraphic, and geochronological, vesicularity and morphological in pumice fragments, and components and granulometric analyses of eight pyroclastic density current deposits (PDCs), which outcrop along the El Barranco river valley, in the town of La Florida, to the NW of the GVC. The PDCs deposits have a cumulative thickness of 14.67 m and discordantly overlie to andesitic lava flows deposits of the Genoy stage (150 – 40 ka) from the GVC and werenamed from Unit U1 to Unit U8. The units U1 (8303 ± 97 and 8284.5 ± 90.5 cal BP), U2 (7667 ± 78 cal BP), U3 (5082 ± 198, 5096.5 ± 226.5, 5801.5 ± 481.5 and 5966 ± 235 cal BP, ages taken from previous investigations), U4 (4625 ± 181 cal BP), and U6 (2215.5 ± 101.5 and 2033 ± 91 cal BP) are composed, in order of abundance, of pumice fragments, volcanic lithics, and free amphibole and plagioclase crystals, while units U5 (3201.5 ± 129 cal BP), U7 (1066.5 ± 109.5 and 944.5 ± 115.4 cal BP) and U8 (390.5 ± 80.5 cal BP), are composed of volcanic lithics, pumice fragments and plagioclase and amphibole crystals. Within U3 and U4, a pyroclastic fall deposit shows a high biotite content that served as a guide level, while a debris flow-type lahar deposit separates units U6 and U7. Based on their composition, units U1, U2, U3, and U6 are classified as pumice pyroclastic flow deposits generated by the collapse of small columns, which is related to Subplinian eruptive events, while Unit U4 is associated with a "blast" type event, caused by the overpressure exerted by the gases of a viscous magma. Finally, units U5, U7 and U8 are classified as block and ash deposits generated by the destruction of intracrateric domes and collapse of Vulcanian eruptive columns. Units U3, U4, U5, U6 and U7 are stratigraphically and geochronologically correlated with deposits previously studied in the GVC; however, units U1, U2 and U8 are considered as events not yet recorded in the eruptive history of the Galeras volcano. The dating and characterization of Unit U1 allows us to propose that the eruptive history of the Galeras volcano began at the beginning of the Holocene (~8300 years BP), and not 4500 BP, as it has been established until now. Additionally, the record of Unit U8 in the town of La Florida ratifies the high PDCs threat for this population. Thus, this research improves the resolution of the volcanological information in the area, and contributes to the understanding of the eruptive evolution of the Galeras volcano.Tabla de contenido Resumen Abstract 1. Introducción / 1.1 Objetivos / 1.1.1. Objetivo general / 1.2.1 Objetivos específicos / 2. Margen geológico y estructural / 2.1 Los Andes colombianos / 2.2 Complejo Volcánico Galeras / 2.2.1 Volcán Galeras / 3. Marco teórico / 3.1 Estilo eruptivo / 3.1.1 Erupciones vulcanianas / 3.1.2 Erupciones plinianas / 3.1.2.1 Erupciones subplinianas / 3.2 Corrientes de densidad piroclástica / 3.2.1 Subtipos de corrientes de densidad piroclástica / 3.2.1.1 Corrientes de densidad piroclástica de tipo flujo de bloques y ceniza / 3.2.1.2 Corrientes de densidad piroclástica de tipo flujo de pómez / 3.2.1.3 Corrientes de densidad piroclástica de tipo “blast” 4. Metodología / 4.1. Fotointerpretación / 4.2 Distribución de depósitos y definición de facies / 4.3 Granulometría, vesicularidad, microtexturas, y componentes / 4.3.1 Análisis granulométrico / 4.3.1.1 Análisis textural por el método del tamizado por vía seca / 4.3.1.2 Parámetros estadísticos / 4.3.2 Análisis de vesicularidad / 4.3.2 Análisis de componentes / 4.3.3 Análisis microtextural y/o morfológico en Microscopio Electrónico de Barrido (MEB) / 4.4. Análisis geocronológicos / 5. Resultados / 5.1 Estratigrafía de los depósitos / 5.1.1 Caracterización de las unidades estratigráficas / 5.1.1.1 Etapa Genoy / 5.1.1.2 Unidad U1 / 5.1.1.3 Unidad U2 / 5.1.1.4 Unidad U3 / 5.1.1.5 Marcador de Biotita (MB) / 5.1.1.6 Unidad U4 / 5.1.1.7 Unidad U5 / 5.1.1.8 Unidad U6 / 5.1.1.9 Depósito volcaniclástico secundario / 5.1.1.10 Unidad U7 / 5.1.1.11 Unidad U8 / 5.1.2 Edad de los depósitos / 5.1.3 Relaciones estratigráficas / 5.2 Análisis de vesicularidad y morfológico en fragmentos de pómez / 5.2.1 Unidad U1 / 5.2.2 Unidad U2 / 5.2.3 Unidad U3 / 5.2.4 Unidad U4 / 5.2.5 Unidad U5 / 5.2.6 Unidad U6 / 5.2.7 Unidad U7 / 5.2.8 Unidad U8 / 5.3 Análisis de componentes / 5.3.1 Unidad U1 / 5.3.2 Unidad U2 / 5.3.3 Unidad U3 / 5.3.4 Unidad U4 / 5.3.5 Unidad U5 / 5.3.6 Unidad U6 / 5.3.7 Unidad U7 / 5.3.8 Unidad U8 / 5.4 Análisis de granulometría por el método del tamizado seco / 5.4.1 Unidad U5 / 5.4.2 Unidad U7 / 5.4.3 Unidad U8 / 6. Discusión / 6.1 Estratigrafía / 6.1.1. Correlaciones estratigráficas / 6.1.1.1. Etapa Galeras vs. Etapa Urcunina / 6.1.1.2. Unidades (a.k.a. miembros) en la microcuenca / 6.2. Modelo eruptivo y distribución de los depósitos volcaniclásticos / 6.2.1. Análisis de componentes / 6.2.2. Vesicularidad / 6.2.3. Erupciones vulcanianas vs. Erupciones subplinianas / 6.3. Fragmentos agregados / 6.3.1. Agente adhesivo / 6.4 Alteración de los fragmentos volcánicos / 6.5 Amenaza volcánica en la microcuenca del río El Barranco / 7. Conclusiones / 8. 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