Caracterización y valoración de residuos de aparatos eléctricos y electrónicos, RAEE en Chile. Una propuesta hacia un diseño de producto más ecoeficiente
Esta investigación, tiene como objetivo proponer un protocolo de incorporación de procedimientos para evaluar, caracterizar y establecer parámetros generales aplicables a la gestión de RAEE —residuos de aparatos eléctricos y electrónicos— el cual puede también ser incorporado dentro del marco de los...
- Autores:
- Tipo de recurso:
- Fecha de publicación:
- 2022
- Institución:
- Universidad de Caldas
- Repositorio:
- Repositorio Institucional U. Caldas
- Idioma:
- eng
- OAI Identifier:
- oai:repositorio.ucaldas.edu.co:ucaldas/24489
- Acceso en línea:
- https://repositorio.ucaldas.edu.co/handle/ucaldas/24489
https://doi.org/10.17151/kepes.2023.20.27.4
- Palabra clave:
- Eco-eficiencia
gestión RAEE
caracterización
ecodiseño
Eco-efficiency
WEEE management
Characterization
Product design
- Rights
- openAccess
- License
- https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/
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Caracterización y valoración de residuos de aparatos eléctricos y electrónicos, RAEE en Chile. Una propuesta hacia un diseño de producto más ecoeficiente Characterization and Assessment of Household Waste from Electrical and Electronic Devices (WEEE) in Chile. A Proposal Towards a More Eco-Efficient Product Design |
| title |
Caracterización y valoración de residuos de aparatos eléctricos y electrónicos, RAEE en Chile. Una propuesta hacia un diseño de producto más ecoeficiente |
| spellingShingle |
Caracterización y valoración de residuos de aparatos eléctricos y electrónicos, RAEE en Chile. Una propuesta hacia un diseño de producto más ecoeficiente Eco-eficiencia gestión RAEE caracterización ecodiseño Eco-efficiency WEEE management Characterization Product design |
| title_short |
Caracterización y valoración de residuos de aparatos eléctricos y electrónicos, RAEE en Chile. Una propuesta hacia un diseño de producto más ecoeficiente |
| title_full |
Caracterización y valoración de residuos de aparatos eléctricos y electrónicos, RAEE en Chile. Una propuesta hacia un diseño de producto más ecoeficiente |
| title_fullStr |
Caracterización y valoración de residuos de aparatos eléctricos y electrónicos, RAEE en Chile. Una propuesta hacia un diseño de producto más ecoeficiente |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Caracterización y valoración de residuos de aparatos eléctricos y electrónicos, RAEE en Chile. Una propuesta hacia un diseño de producto más ecoeficiente |
| title_sort |
Caracterización y valoración de residuos de aparatos eléctricos y electrónicos, RAEE en Chile. Una propuesta hacia un diseño de producto más ecoeficiente |
| dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv |
Eco-eficiencia gestión RAEE caracterización ecodiseño Eco-efficiency WEEE management Characterization Product design |
| topic |
Eco-eficiencia gestión RAEE caracterización ecodiseño Eco-efficiency WEEE management Characterization Product design |
| description |
Esta investigación, tiene como objetivo proponer un protocolo de incorporación de procedimientos para evaluar, caracterizar y establecer parámetros generales aplicables a la gestión de RAEE —residuos de aparatos eléctricos y electrónicos— el cual puede también ser incorporado dentro del marco de los procesos de diseño y desarrollo de productos más usados frecuentemente; brindando así, información clave para proyectos dirigidos a la recuperación de partes, componentes y sus materias primas.Para lograr lo anterior, este artículo primero establece los problemas generales, posicionando a Chile como un caso de estudio válido en América Latina y define los objetivos de la investigación. Posteriormente, se describe el método ocupado, el cual ha sido aplicado a diez electrodomésticos de pequeño formato, obteniendo resultados prometedores en cuanto a una rápida determinación de las posibilidades de gestión sostenible de sus residuos. Se propone un método de fácil aplicación y comprensión, el que puede funcionar en el marco de la formación de nuevos diseñadores, el trabajo con pequeñas empresas y con actores relevantes en los procesos de reciclaje y valorización. Finalmente, se presentan conclusiones respecto al logro de los objetivos propuestos y evaluaciones para futuras investigaciones. Contribuyendo de esta forma, con resultados significativos destinados a impulsar proyectos de interés tecnológico y económico con miras al manejo sostenible de los residuos al final de su vida útil. |
| publishDate |
2022 |
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2022-01-01 2023-01-01T00:00:00Z 2023-01-01T00:00:00Z 2025-10-08T21:36:20Z 2025-10-08T21:36:20Z |
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Artículo de revista http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501 Text info:eu-repo/semantics/article Journal article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85 |
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http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1 |
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publishedVersion |
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1794-7111 https://repositorio.ucaldas.edu.co/handle/ucaldas/24489 10.17151/kepes.2023.20.27.4 2462-8115 https://doi.org/10.17151/kepes.2023.20.27.4 |
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https://repositorio.ucaldas.edu.co/handle/ucaldas/24489 https://doi.org/10.17151/kepes.2023.20.27.4 |
| dc.language.none.fl_str_mv |
eng |
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eng |
| dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv |
104 27 75 20 Kepes Abuzied, H., Senbel, H., Awad, M., & Abbas, A. (2020). A review of advances in design for disassembly with active disassembly applications. Engineering Science and Technology, an International Journal, 23(3), 618-624. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jestch.2019.07.003 Acosta, A. (2016). Curses, heresies and other miracles of extractivist economy. Tabula Rasa. Revista de Humanidades, 24, 25–55. https://doi.org/10.25058/20112742.56 AENOR (Spanish Association for Standardization and Certification). (2010). UNE 26516: Road vehicles - Recyclability and recoverability - Calculation method. Madrid. Aranda U., A., & Zabalza B., I. (2010). Ecodesign and life cycle analysis. Zaragoza University. Balboa C. C. H. & Domínguez, M. (2014). Circular economy as a framework for ecodesign: The ECO-3 model. Informador técnico, 78(1), 82-90. Bautista, M. E., Cabrera, R., Rolón, J. C., Pichardo, R., & Gordillo, A. (2015). Review of policies for the management of electrical and electronic waste for their application in Mexico. Tamatli, 6, 66–72. Boeni, H., Silva, U., & Ott, D. (2009). Recycling of electronic waste in Latin America: Overview, challenges, and potential. In U. Silva (Ed.), Management of Electronic Waste in Latin America (pp. 8-11). Ediciones Sur. Boothroyd, G., & Alting, L. (1992). Design for Assembly and Disassembly. CIRP Annals, 41, 625–636. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0007-8506(07)63249-1 Cámara de Comercio de Santiago & Regenerativa. (2019). Sector Diagnosis. Clean Production Agreement: Implementation of Extended Producer Responsibility in the Electrical and Electronic Equipment Sector (p. 117). Santiago Chamber of Commerce, Chile. http://www.traee.cl/multimedia/2021/07/11_04_19_Estudio_de_Diagno%CC%81stico_Sectorial_REP_RAEE_Versio%CC%81n-Final.pdf Chiu, M.-C., & Okudan, G. E. (2010). Evolution of Design for X tools applicable to design stages: A literature review. Proceedings of the ASME Design Engineering Technical Conference, 6, 171–182. https://doi.org/10.1115/DETC2010-29091 Clerc, J., Pereira, A. M., Alfaro, C., & Yunis, C. (2021). Circular economy and valorization of metals: Waste electrical and electronic equipment. ECLAC. https://www.cepal.org/en/publications/47429-circular-economy-valorization-metals-waste-electrical-and-electronicequipment Cyranek, G., & Silva, U. (2010). Electronic waste: A challenge for the knowledge society in Latin America and the Caribbean. UNESCO, Montevideo. De Aguiar, J., Oliveira, L. de, Silva, J. O. da, Bond, D., Scalice, R. K., & Becker, D. (2017). A design tool to diagnose product recyclability during the product design phase. Journal of Cleaner Production, 0(141), 219-229. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.09.074 Duque, I. (2019). Operational framework for establishing a WEEE management system in Chile. Deliverable I: Current situation of WEEE collection and valorization in Chile, with emphasis on the integration of base recyclers (p. 56). U4E. https://rechile.mma.gob.cl/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/Entrega-1-Recoleccion-y-valorizacion-de-RAEE-en-Chile_I-Duque.pdf Ellen MacArthur Foundation, Stiftungsfonds für Umweltökonomie und Nachhaltigkeit (SUN), Deutsche Post Foundation, McKinsey Center for Business and Environment. (2015). Growth Within: A circular economy vision for a competitive Europe. EU Commission. (2019). Recycling is the future: this is how we do it in the EU Official website of the European Union. https://ec.europa.eu/spain/news/20190318_Recycling-is-the-futurewe-do-it-in-the-EU_es (Accessed 6.9.21). EU Commission. (2003). Directive 2002/96/EC. Official Journal of the European Union. Brussels. EU Commission. (2000). Proposal for a Directive of the European Parliament and of the Council on waste electrical and electronic equipment (2000/C 365 E/12). Official Journal of the European Communities. Brussels. EU Commission. (1991). Directive 91/156/EEC. Official Journal of the European Communities. Brussels. Fajarado, D. (2018, May 16). ¿Qué falta para que se concrete la Ley de Reciclaje? [Digital news article]. La Tercera. https://www.latercera.com/pulso/noticia/falta-se-concrete-la-leyreciclaje/166491/ Fajardo, D. (2019, August 7). Chilenos aumentarán en 45% su basura electrónica en 10 años [Digital news article]. La Tercera. https://www.latercera.com/pulso/noticia/chilenosaumentaran-45-basura-electronica-10-anos/771299/ Fernández Protomastro, G. (2013). Urban mining and electronic waste management. Grupo Uno. Forti, V., Baldé, C.P., Kuehr, R. & Bel, G., (2020). Suivi des déchets d’équipements électriques et électroniques à l’échelle mondiale pour 2020: Quantités, flux et potentiel de l’économie circulaire. Université des Nations Unies (UNU), Institut des Nations Unies pour la formation et la recherche (UNITAR), Programme SCYCLE co-administré par l’Union internationale des télécommunications (UIT) et l’Association internationale des déchets solides (ISWA), Bonn, Genève. Franco, M. A. (2019). A system dynamics approach to product design and business model strategies for the circular economy. Journal of Cleaner Production, 241, 118327. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.118327 Geng, Y., Doberstein, B., (2008). Developing the circular economy in China: Challenges and opportunities for achieving “leapfrog development.” International Journal of Sustainable Development and World Ecology 15, 231–239. https://doi.org/10.3843/SusDev.15.3:6 Goosey, M. (2004). End-of-life electronics legislation – an industry perspective. Circuit World, 30, 41–45. https://doi.org/10.1108/03056120410512235 Government of Chile. Ministry of Health. (2004). Decreto 148 [Decree 148]. Diario Oficial. Chile. Government of Chile. Ministry of the Environment. (2016). Ley n°20.920 [Law No. 20.920]. Diario Oficial. Library of the National Congress of Chile. Government of Chile. National Corporation of the Environment. (2009). Diagnosis of production, importation, and distribution of electronic products and management of end-of-life equipment. Santiago de Chile. Habib, K., Parajuly, K., & Wenzel, H. (2015). Tracking the Flow of Resources in Electronic Waste - The Case of End-of-Life Computer Hard Disk Drives. Environmental Science & Technology, 49, 12441–12449. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.5b02264 Issa, I. I., Pigosso, D. C., McAloone, T. C., & Rozenfeld, H. (2015). Leading product-related environmental performance indicators: a selection guide and database. Journal of Cleaner Production, 108, 321–330. Koutamanis, A., van Reijn, B., & van Bueren, E. (2018). Urban mining and buildings: A review of possibilities and limitations. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 138, 32–39. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2018.06.024 Krausmann, F., Gingrich, S., Eisenmenger, N., Erb, K. H., Haberl, H., & Fischer-Kowalski, M. (2009). Growth in global materials use, GDP and population during the 20th century. Ecological Economics, 68, 2696–2705. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2009.05.007 Manzini, E. (1992). Limits and Possibilities of Ecodesign: From the “ecological re-design” of products to the suggestion of “new environmental scenarios” [Web document]. sckool.org. URL https://sckool.org/limits-and-possibilities-of-ecodesign-by-ezio-manzini.html (accessed 6.10.21). Manzini, E., & Bigues, J. (2000). Ecology and democracy: from ecological injustice to environmental democracy, More wood. Icaria Editorial. Manzini, E., & Jégou, F. (2003). Quotidiano sostenibile: scenari di vita urbana [Sustainable everyday: scenarios of urban life]. Edizioni Ambiente. McDonough, W., & Braungart, M. (2002). Cradle to Cradle: Remaking the Way We Make Things. North Point Press. Meyer, M. W., & Norman, D. (2020). Changing Design Education for the 21st Century. She Ji: The Journal of Design, Economics, and Innovation,6, 13-49. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sheji.2019.12.002 Murdock, G. (2006). Under the beach, the cobblestones: Commodities, Consumerism, Contradictions. Economía política de la comunicación, 11, 31–46 National Institute of Normalization. (2013). NCh. 3321: Caracterización de residuos sólidos municipales (RSM) [Characterization of municipal solid waste (MSW)]. Chile. Park, Y. J., & Fray, D. J. (2009). Recovery of high purity precious metals from printed circuit boards. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 164, 1152–1158. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.09.043 Piñero, F. (2004). The Fordist-Keynesian mode of industrial development: Characteristics, crises, and restructuring of capitalism. Contribuciones a la economía, 1er semest, 1–18. Pontis, S., & Van der Waarde, K. (2020). Looking for Alternatives: Challenging Assumptions in Design Education. She Ji: The Journal of Design, Economics, and Innovation, 6, 228–253. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sheji.2020.05.005 Redström, J. (2020). Certain Uncertainties and the Design of Design Education. She Ji: The Journal of Design, Economics, and Innovation, 6, 83–100. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sheji.2020.02.001 Sariatli, F. (2017). Linear Economy Versus Circular Economy: A Comparative and Analyzer Study for Optimization of Economy for Sustainability. Visegrad Journal on Bioeconomy and Sustainable Development, 6, 31–34. https://doi.org/10.1515/vjbsd-2017-0005 Savino, A., Solórzano, G., Quispe, C., & Correal, M. C. (2018). Perspective on Waste Management in Latin America and the Caribbean. ONU Medioambiente. Schaffartzik, A., Mayer, A., Gingrich, S., Eisenmenger, N., Loy, C., & Krausmann, F. (2014). The global metabolic transition: Regional patterns and trends of global material flows, 1950–2010. Global Environmental Change, 26, 87–97. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2014.03.013 Schwarzer, S., Bono, A., Giuliani, G., Kluser, S., & Peduzzi, P. (2005). E-waste, the hidden side of IT equipment’s manufacturing and use, Environment Alert Bulletin. United Nations Environment Programme. Signoret, C., Caro-Bretelle, A.-S., Lopez-Cuesta, J.-M., Ienny, P., & Perrin, D. (2019). MIR spectral characterization of plastic to enable discrimination in an industrial recycling context: II. Specific case of polyolefins. Waste Management, 98, 160–172. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2019.08.010 Silva, U. (2019). Guía para Comunicadores y Periodistas. Residuos de Aparatos electrónicos y eléctricos (RAEE). En el marco de la ley 20.920 y la Responsabilidad extendida del producto (REP). Guía informativa para Chile 2020. Santiago de Chile. Toledo, M. (2022, April 19). IMF refines forecast: Now expects Chile’s per capita GDP to exceed US$30,000 in 2024. Diario Financiero [Digital newspaper article]. https://www.df.cl/economia-y-politica/macro/fmi-afina-pronostico-ahora-espera-que-pib-per-capita-dechile-supere UNESCO. (2012). Education for sustainable development: Sourcebook, Learning & Training Tools. United Nations Educational, Paris. https://doi.org/10.2753/CED1061-1932430207 Velosa, G.J., & González Rolón, B. (2016). Characterization and study of recycling of waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE). Jóvenes En La Ciencia, 2, 1870–1876. Venegas Marcel, M.E., Navarro Carreño, A.R., & Alfaro Carrasco, E.P. (2020). Procedural model for the characterization and assessment of waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE). Cuadernos del Centro de Estudios de Diseño y Comunicación. https://doi.org/10.18682/cdc.vi87.3771 Volker, K. (2023). Karien Volker: “The LED lighting campaign marked a milestone in energy efficiency initiatives in Chile” [Guía Chile Energía, news website]. https://www.guiachileenergia.cl/karien-volker-la-campana-de-luminarias-led-marco-un-hito-en-lasiniciativas-de-eficiencia-energetica-en-chile/ Wagner, M., Baldé, C. P., Luda, V., Nnorom, I. C., Kuehr, R., & Iattoni, G. (2022). Regional Monitoring of Electronic Waste for Latin America, results from the thirteen participating countries in the UNIDO-GEF 5554 project (p. 286) [Project Results]. United Nations Industrial Development Organization, UNIDO. https://ewastemonitor.info/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/REM_LATAM_2022_ENG_Final.pdf Wolfensberger, M. (2009). Electronic Waste Management through the Informal Sector in Santiago, Chile. World Bank. (2023). Household final consumption expenditure per capita growth (% annual) - Latin America & Caribbean | Data [Data Bank]. World Bank Group-IBRD-IDA. https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NE.CON.PRVT.PC.KD.ZG?locations=ZJ World Business Council for Sustainable Development. (2000). Eco-efficiency: Creating More Value with Less Impact. Xavier, L. H., Giese, E. C., Ribeiro-Duthie, A. C., Lins, F. A. F. (2019). Sustainability and the circular economy: A theoretical approach focused on e-waste urban mining. Resources Policy. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resourpol.2019.101467 Zainudin, A. Z., Yunus, N. M., Zakaria, S. R. A., Mohsin, A. (2021). Design for sustainability integration in education. In Design for Sustainability (pp. 139-169). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-819482-9.00002-2 Zeng, X., Yang, C., Chiang, J. F., Li, J. (2017). Innovating e-waste management: From macroscopic to microscopic scales. Science of the Total Environment, 575, 1-5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.09.078 Zhang, L., Zhong, Y., Geng, Y. (2019). A bibliometric and visual study on urban mining. Journal of Cleaner Production, 239, 118067. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.118067 Núm. 27 , Año 2023 : Enero - Junio https://revistasojs.ucaldas.edu.co/index.php/kepes/article/download/8037/6835 |
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Caracterización y valoración de residuos de aparatos eléctricos y electrónicos, RAEE en Chile. Una propuesta hacia un diseño de producto más ecoeficienteCharacterization and Assessment of Household Waste from Electrical and Electronic Devices (WEEE) in Chile. A Proposal Towards a More Eco-Efficient Product DesignEco-eficienciagestión RAEEcaracterizaciónecodiseñoEco-efficiencyWEEE managementCharacterizationProduct designEsta investigación, tiene como objetivo proponer un protocolo de incorporación de procedimientos para evaluar, caracterizar y establecer parámetros generales aplicables a la gestión de RAEE —residuos de aparatos eléctricos y electrónicos— el cual puede también ser incorporado dentro del marco de los procesos de diseño y desarrollo de productos más usados frecuentemente; brindando así, información clave para proyectos dirigidos a la recuperación de partes, componentes y sus materias primas.Para lograr lo anterior, este artículo primero establece los problemas generales, posicionando a Chile como un caso de estudio válido en América Latina y define los objetivos de la investigación. Posteriormente, se describe el método ocupado, el cual ha sido aplicado a diez electrodomésticos de pequeño formato, obteniendo resultados prometedores en cuanto a una rápida determinación de las posibilidades de gestión sostenible de sus residuos. Se propone un método de fácil aplicación y comprensión, el que puede funcionar en el marco de la formación de nuevos diseñadores, el trabajo con pequeñas empresas y con actores relevantes en los procesos de reciclaje y valorización. Finalmente, se presentan conclusiones respecto al logro de los objetivos propuestos y evaluaciones para futuras investigaciones. Contribuyendo de esta forma, con resultados significativos destinados a impulsar proyectos de interés tecnológico y económico con miras al manejo sostenible de los residuos al final de su vida útil.The aim of this study is to propose a protocol for incorporating procedures to evaluate, characterize and establish general parameters applicable to the management of Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE). This protocol can be applied within the framework of common product design and development processes. The proposed protocol provides key information for design projects, with emphasis on the potential future recovery of parts, components and raw materials.To achieve this objective, this article first addresses the general problem and defines the objectives, focusing on Chile as a valid case study in Latin America. The method used was applied to ten small household appliances, yielding promising results. Additionally, a user-friendly and easily applicable method is proposed, suitable for training new designers and working with small companies and relevant stakeholders in recycling and recovery processes. In conclusion, this study contributes relevant results aimed at promoting projects of technological and economic interest, with a focus on the sustainable management of waste at the end of its lifespan.Universidad de Caldas2023-01-01T00:00:00Z2025-10-08T21:36:20Z2023-01-01T00:00:00Z2025-10-08T21:36:20Z2022-01-01Artículo de revistahttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501Textinfo:eu-repo/semantics/articleJournal articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1application/pdf1794-7111https://repositorio.ucaldas.edu.co/handle/ucaldas/2448910.17151/kepes.2023.20.27.42462-8115https://doi.org/10.17151/kepes.2023.20.27.4https://revistasojs.ucaldas.edu.co/index.php/kepes/article/view/8037eng104277520KepesAbuzied, H., Senbel, H., Awad, M., & Abbas, A. (2020). A review of advances in design for disassembly with active disassembly applications. Engineering Science and Technology, an International Journal, 23(3), 618-624. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jestch.2019.07.003Acosta, A. (2016). Curses, heresies and other miracles of extractivist economy. Tabula Rasa. Revista de Humanidades, 24, 25–55. https://doi.org/10.25058/20112742.56AENOR (Spanish Association for Standardization and Certification). (2010). UNE 26516: Road vehicles - Recyclability and recoverability - Calculation method. Madrid.Aranda U., A., & Zabalza B., I. (2010). Ecodesign and life cycle analysis. Zaragoza University.Balboa C. C. H. & Domínguez, M. (2014). Circular economy as a framework for ecodesign: The ECO-3 model. Informador técnico, 78(1), 82-90.Bautista, M. E., Cabrera, R., Rolón, J. C., Pichardo, R., & Gordillo, A. (2015). Review of policies for the management of electrical and electronic waste for their application in Mexico. Tamatli, 6, 66–72.Boeni, H., Silva, U., & Ott, D. (2009). Recycling of electronic waste in Latin America: Overview, challenges, and potential. In U. Silva (Ed.), Management of Electronic Waste in Latin America (pp. 8-11). Ediciones Sur.Boothroyd, G., & Alting, L. (1992). Design for Assembly and Disassembly. CIRP Annals, 41, 625–636. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0007-8506(07)63249-1Cámara de Comercio de Santiago & Regenerativa. (2019). Sector Diagnosis. Clean Production Agreement: Implementation of Extended Producer Responsibility in the Electrical and Electronic Equipment Sector (p. 117). Santiago Chamber of Commerce, Chile. http://www.traee.cl/multimedia/2021/07/11_04_19_Estudio_de_Diagno%CC%81stico_Sectorial_REP_RAEE_Versio%CC%81n-Final.pdfChiu, M.-C., & Okudan, G. E. (2010). Evolution of Design for X tools applicable to design stages: A literature review. Proceedings of the ASME Design Engineering Technical Conference, 6, 171–182. https://doi.org/10.1115/DETC2010-29091Clerc, J., Pereira, A. M., Alfaro, C., & Yunis, C. (2021). 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