ISO 50002 and ITS contribution to the decarbonization of SMES: Case study

The decarbonization of all sectors of the energy system is essential to mitigate climate change. However, the existing barriers, mainly related to information, prevent the implementation of Energy Efficiency measures and energy management systems in SMEs to reduce carbon emissions. An energy audit i...

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Autores:
Castrillón Mendoza, Rosaura del Pilar
Ibargüen, Jenny
Tipo de recurso:
Article of investigation
Fecha de publicación:
2024
Institución:
Universidad Autónoma de Occidente
Repositorio:
RED: Repositorio Educativo Digital UAO
Idioma:
spa
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oai:red.uao.edu.co:10614/16225
Acceso en línea:
https://hdl.handle.net/10614/16225
https://red.uao.edu.co/
Palabra clave:
Decarbonization
SMEs
Energy management
Non-metallic mineral sector
Energy efficiency
ISO 50002
Descarbonización
ISO 50002
PYMES
Gestión energética
Sector minerales no metálicos
Eficiencia energética
Rights
openAccess
License
Derechos reservados - EconJournals, 202 4
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dc.title.eng.fl_str_mv ISO 50002 and ITS contribution to the decarbonization of SMES: Case study
dc.title.translated.spa.fl_str_mv Contribución de la ISO 50002 y los ITS a la descarbonización de las PYMES: Estudio de caso
title ISO 50002 and ITS contribution to the decarbonization of SMES: Case study
spellingShingle ISO 50002 and ITS contribution to the decarbonization of SMES: Case study
Decarbonization
SMEs
Energy management
Non-metallic mineral sector
Energy efficiency
ISO 50002
Descarbonización
ISO 50002
PYMES
Gestión energética
Sector minerales no metálicos
Eficiencia energética
title_short ISO 50002 and ITS contribution to the decarbonization of SMES: Case study
title_full ISO 50002 and ITS contribution to the decarbonization of SMES: Case study
title_fullStr ISO 50002 and ITS contribution to the decarbonization of SMES: Case study
title_full_unstemmed ISO 50002 and ITS contribution to the decarbonization of SMES: Case study
title_sort ISO 50002 and ITS contribution to the decarbonization of SMES: Case study
dc.creator.fl_str_mv Castrillón Mendoza, Rosaura del Pilar
Ibargüen, Jenny
dc.contributor.author.none.fl_str_mv Castrillón Mendoza, Rosaura del Pilar
Ibargüen, Jenny
dc.subject.proposal.eng.fl_str_mv Decarbonization
SMEs
Energy management
Non-metallic mineral sector
Energy efficiency
topic Decarbonization
SMEs
Energy management
Non-metallic mineral sector
Energy efficiency
ISO 50002
Descarbonización
ISO 50002
PYMES
Gestión energética
Sector minerales no metálicos
Eficiencia energética
dc.subject.proposal.spa.fl_str_mv ISO 50002
Descarbonización
ISO 50002
PYMES
Gestión energética
Sector minerales no metálicos
Eficiencia energética
description The decarbonization of all sectors of the energy system is essential to mitigate climate change. However, the existing barriers, mainly related to information, prevent the implementation of Energy Efficiency measures and energy management systems in SMEs to reduce carbon emissions. An energy audit is considered a critical step for businesses that want to increase their energy efficiency and reduce energy consumption cost-effectively. The present study addressed ISO 50002 and its contribution to energy management based on the ISO 50001:2019 standard through a case study applied to an SME in the non-metallic mineral sector, which allowed establishing the guidelines and the form to address an energy audit in an SME under ISO 50002, determining opportunities for improvement by eliminating unproductive times, correcting fleeting compressed air, eliminating energy losses due to operational variability, automating the start-up of the Hammer Mill and the feed band in gypsum grinding. Additionally, an annual energy and economic savings potential of 162,599 KWh and COP 49,360,442 was estimated; and 26,992 Kg CO2 stopped emitting
publishDate 2024
dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv 2024
dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv 2025-07-25T20:42:25Z
dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv 2025-07-25T20:42:25Z
dc.type.spa.fl_str_mv Artículo de revista
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dc.identifier.citation.eng.fl_str_mv Ibarguen, J. y Castrillón Mendoza, R. del P. (2024). ISO 50002 and ITS contribution to the decarbonization of SMES: Case study. International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy.14(1), p.p. 224-244. DOI: https://doi.org/10.32479/ijeep.14981
dc.identifier.uri.none.fl_str_mv https://hdl.handle.net/10614/16225
dc.identifier.doi.spa.fl_str_mv DOI: https://doi.org/10.32479/ijeep.14981
dc.identifier.eissn.spa.fl_str_mv 21464553
dc.identifier.instname.spa.fl_str_mv Universidad Autónoma de Occidente
dc.identifier.reponame.spa.fl_str_mv Respositorio Educativo Digital UAO
dc.identifier.repourl.none.fl_str_mv https://red.uao.edu.co/
identifier_str_mv Ibarguen, J. y Castrillón Mendoza, R. del P. (2024). ISO 50002 and ITS contribution to the decarbonization of SMES: Case study. International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy.14(1), p.p. 224-244. DOI: https://doi.org/10.32479/ijeep.14981
DOI: https://doi.org/10.32479/ijeep.14981
21464553
Universidad Autónoma de Occidente
Respositorio Educativo Digital UAO
url https://hdl.handle.net/10614/16225
https://red.uao.edu.co/
dc.language.iso.spa.fl_str_mv spa
language spa
dc.relation.citationendpage.spa.fl_str_mv 244
dc.relation.citationissue.spa.fl_str_mv 1
dc.relation.citationstartpage.spa.fl_str_mv 224
dc.relation.citationvolume.spa.fl_str_mv 14
dc.relation.ispartofjournal.eng.fl_str_mv International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy
dc.relation.references.none.fl_str_mv Andersson, E., Dernegård, H., Wallén, M., & Thollander, P. (2021). Decarbonization of industry: Implementation of energy performance indicators for successful energy management practices in kraft pulpmills. Energy Reports, 7, 1808–1817.
Andersson, E., Karlsson, M., Thollander, P., & Paramonova, S. (2018). Energy end-use and efficiency potentials among Swedish industrial small and medium-sized enterprises – A dataset analysis from the national energy audit program. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 93, 165–177.
Andrei, M., Thollander, P., Pierre, I., Gindroz, B., & Rohdin, P. (2021). Decarbonization of industry: Guidelines towards a harmonized energy efficiency policy program impact evaluation methodology. Energy Reports, 7, 1385–1395.
Bhaskar, A., Assadi, M., & Nikpey Somehsaraei, H. (2020). Decarbonization of the iron and steel industry with direct reduction of iron ore with green hydrogen. Energies, 13(3), 758.
Boharb, A., Allouhi, A., Saidur, R., Kousksou, T., Jamil, A., Mourad, Y., & Benbassou, A. (2016). Auditing and analysis of energy consumption of an industrial site in Morocco. Energy, 101, 332–342.
Boqiang, L., & Xiaoling, O. (2014). Electricity demand and conservation potential in the Chinese nonmetallic mineral products industry. Energy Policy, 68, 243–250.
Bosu, I., Mahmoud, H. H., & Hassan, H. (2023). Energy audit and management of an industrial site based on energy efficiency, economic, and environmental analysis. Applied Energy, 333, 120619.
Briceño, M., Montenegro, T., Clairand, J., & Escrivá, G. (2022). Energy savings for car stores by using energy efficiency improvements. Processes, 10(6), 1108.
Cañizares, G., Aragón, M., Pérez, R., & González, E. (2014). La gestión energética y su impacto en el sector industrial de la provincia de Villa Clara. Tecnología Química, XXXIV(1), 20.
Carlander, J., & Thollander, P. (2022). Drivers for implementation of energy-efficient technologies in building construction projects: Results from a Swedish case study. Resources Environment and Sustainability, 10, 100078.
Choi, J., Thangamani, D., & Kissock, K. (2019). A systematic methodology for improving resource efficiency in small and medium-sized enterprises. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 147, 19–27.
Colombia Productiva. (2021). Empresas han ahorrado más de $1.300 millones gracias a proyecto de eficiencia energética para la productividad. Disponible en: https://www.colombiaproductiva.com/ptp-comunica/noticias/empresas-han-ahorrado-mas-de-1-300-millones-gracia
Decreto 957 de 2019. Parágrafo 13. Criterios de Clasificación de las Micro, Pequeñas, Medianas y Grandes Empresas. Diario Oficial No. 50975.
Fernando, Y., & Hor, W. L. (2017). Impacts of energy management practices on energy efficiency and carbon emissions reduction: A survey of Malaysian manufacturing firms. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 126, 62–73.
Fiorini, L., & Aiello, M. (2019). Energy management for user’s thermal and power needs: A survey. Energy Reports, 5, 1048–1076.
García, C., González, O., Báez, O., Téllez, L., & Obando, D. (2017). Plan de Acción Indicativo de Eficiencia Energética 2017–2022. Disponible en: https://www1.upme.gov.co/demandaenergetica/marconormatividad/pai_proure_2017-2022.pdf
González, X. (2019). Cementos Argos venderá su participación accionaria en Omya Andina por $62.700 millones. Revista La República. Disponible en: https://www.larepublica.co/empresas/cementosargos-vendera-su-participacion-accionaria-en-omya-andina-sa-porun-valor-de-62700-millones-2870109
ISO 50001:2019 (E). (2019). International Standard, Energy Management Systems – Requirements with Guidance for Use. International Organization for Standardization.
ISO 50002:2014 (E). (2014). International Standard, Energy Audits – Requirements with Guidance for Use. International Organization for Standardization.
Javied, T., Rackow, T., & Franke, J. (2015). Implementing energy management system to increase energy efficiency in manufacturing companies. Procedia CIRP, 26, 156–157.
Jochem, E., & Gruber, E. (2007). Local learning-networks on energy efficiency in industry – Successful initiative in Germany. Applied Energy, 84, 806–816.
Johansson, I., Johnsson, S., & Thollander, P. (2022). Impact evaluation of an energy efficiency network policy programme for industrial SMEs in Sweden. Resources, Environment and Sustainability, 9, 100065.
Kalantzis, F., & Revoltella, D. (2019). Do energy audits help SMEs to realize energy-efficiency opportunities? Energy Economics, 8, 2.
Kalantzis, F., & Revoltella, D. (2019). How energy audits promote SMEs’ energy efficiency investment. Economics – Working Papers, p. 4. Disponible en: https://www.eib.org/attachments/efs/economics_working_paper_2019_02_en.pdf
Kapp, S., Choi, J. K., & Kissock, K. (2022). Toward energy-efficient industrial thermal systems for regional manufacturing facilities. Energy Reports, 8, 1377–1387.
Ley 1715 de 2014. Por el cual se establece el marco legal y los instrumentos para la promoción del aprovechamiento de las fuentes no convencionales de energía. Diario Oficial No. 49150.
Ley 2099 de 2021. Moderniza la legislación vigente y dicta otras disposiciones para la transición energética. Diario Oficial No. 51731.
Ley 697 de 2001. Fomenta el uso racional y eficiente de la energía. Diario Oficial No. 44573.
Lin, B., & Zhu, J. (2019). Determinants of renewable energy technological innovation in China under CO₂ emissions constraint. Journal of Environmental Management, 247, 662–671.
Lisauskas, A., Kveselis, V., Dzenajavičienė, E., Masaitis, S., & Perednis, E. (2022). Analysis of energy audits results and impacts: Case of small and medium enterprises in Lithuania. Energy Efficiency, 15, 48.
Majaty, S., Touzani, A., & Kasseh, Y. (2023). Results and perspectives of the application of an energy management system based on ISO 50001 in administrative buildings – Case of Morocco. Materials Today: Proceedings, 72, 3233–3237.
Manrique, R., Vásquez, D., Vallejo, G., Chejne, F., Amell, A., & Herrera, B. (2018). Analysis of barriers to the implementation of energy efficiency actions in the production of ceramics in Colombia. Energy, 143, 576.
Marchi, B., Zanoni, S., Ferretti, I., & Zavanella, L. E. (2018). Stimulating investments in energy efficiency through supply chain integration. Energies, 11, 858.
McLaughlin, E., & Choi, J. K. (2023). Utilizing machine learning models to estimate energy savings from an industrial energy system. Resources, Environment and Sustainability, 12, 100103.
Ministerio del Trabajo. (2019). “MiPymes representan más de 90% del sector productivo nacional y generan el 80% del empleo en Colombia”: Ministra Alicia Arango. Disponible en: https://www.mintrabajo.gov.co/prensa/comunicados/2019/septiembre/mipymes-representan-mas-de-90-del-sector-productivonacional-y-generan-el-80-del-empleo-en-colombia-ministra-aliciaarango
Moya, D., Torres, R., & Stegen, S. (2016). Analysis of the Ecuadorian energy audit practices: A review of energy efficiency promotion. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 62, 289–296.
Schleich, J., & Fleiter, T. (2019). Effectiveness of energy audits in small business organizations. Resource and Energy Economics, 56, 63.
Thollander, P., Karlsson, M., Rohdin, P., Wollin, J., & Rosenqvist, J. (2020). Energy auditing. In Introduction to Industrial Energy Efficiency (pp. 61–87). Netherlands: Elsevier.
Unidad de Planeación Minero-Energética – UPME. (2022). Plan de Acción Indicativo del Programa de Uso Racional de Energía PAI–PROURE para el periodo 2022–2030. Disponible en: https://www1.upme.gov.co/Demandayeficiencia/paginas/proure.aspx#:~:text=el%20programa%20de%20uso%20racional,y%20actividades%20de%20la%20economía
Yajima, N., & Arimura, T. H. (2022). Promoting energy efficiency in Japanese manufacturing industry through energy audits: Role of information provision, disclosure, target setting, inspection, reward, and organizational structure. Energy Economics, 114, 106253.
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spelling Castrillón Mendoza, Rosaura del Pilarvirtual::6202-1Ibargüen, Jenny2025-07-25T20:42:25Z2025-07-25T20:42:25Z2024Ibarguen, J. y Castrillón Mendoza, R. del P. (2024). ISO 50002 and ITS contribution to the decarbonization of SMES: Case study. International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy.14(1), p.p. 224-244. DOI: https://doi.org/10.32479/ijeep.14981https://hdl.handle.net/10614/16225DOI: https://doi.org/10.32479/ijeep.1498121464553Universidad Autónoma de OccidenteRespositorio Educativo Digital UAOhttps://red.uao.edu.co/The decarbonization of all sectors of the energy system is essential to mitigate climate change. However, the existing barriers, mainly related to information, prevent the implementation of Energy Efficiency measures and energy management systems in SMEs to reduce carbon emissions. An energy audit is considered a critical step for businesses that want to increase their energy efficiency and reduce energy consumption cost-effectively. The present study addressed ISO 50002 and its contribution to energy management based on the ISO 50001:2019 standard through a case study applied to an SME in the non-metallic mineral sector, which allowed establishing the guidelines and the form to address an energy audit in an SME under ISO 50002, determining opportunities for improvement by eliminating unproductive times, correcting fleeting compressed air, eliminating energy losses due to operational variability, automating the start-up of the Hammer Mill and the feed band in gypsum grinding. Additionally, an annual energy and economic savings potential of 162,599 KWh and COP 49,360,442 was estimated; and 26,992 Kg CO2 stopped emittingLa descarbonización de todos los sectores del sistema energético es esencial para mitigar el cambio climático. Sin embargo, las barreras existentes, principalmente relacionadas con la información, impiden la implementación de medidas de Eficiencia Energética y sistemas de gestión energética en las PYME para reducir las emisiones de carbono. Una auditoría energética se considera un paso crítico para las empresas que desean aumentar su eficiencia energética y reducir el consumo de energía de manera rentable. El presente estudio abordó la norma ISO 50002 y su contribución a la gestión energética con base en la norma ISO 50001:2019 a través de un estudio de caso aplicado a una PYME del sector de minerales no metálicos, que permitió establecer los lineamientos y la forma para abordar una auditoría energética en una PYME bajo la norma ISO 50002, determinando oportunidades de mejora mediante la eliminación de tiempos improductivos, la corrección de fugas de aire comprimido, la eliminación de pérdidas de energía por variabilidad operacional, la automatización del arranque del Molino de Martillos y la banda de alimentación en la molienda de yeso. Adicionalmente, se estimó un potencial de ahorro energético y económico anual de 162.599 KWh y COP 49.360.442; y se dejaron de emitir 26.992 Kg de CO221 páginasapplication/pdfspaEconJournalsTurquíaDerechos reservados - EconJournals, 202 4https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessAtribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2ISO 50002 and ITS contribution to the decarbonization of SMES: Case studyContribución de la ISO 50002 y los ITS a la descarbonización de las PYMES: Estudio de casoArtículo de revistahttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1Textinfo:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/ARTinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85244122414International Journal of Energy Economics and PolicyAndersson, E., Dernegård, H., Wallén, M., & Thollander, P. (2021). Decarbonization of industry: Implementation of energy performance indicators for successful energy management practices in kraft pulpmills. Energy Reports, 7, 1808–1817.Andersson, E., Karlsson, M., Thollander, P., & Paramonova, S. (2018). Energy end-use and efficiency potentials among Swedish industrial small and medium-sized enterprises – A dataset analysis from the national energy audit program. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 93, 165–177.Andrei, M., Thollander, P., Pierre, I., Gindroz, B., & Rohdin, P. (2021). Decarbonization of industry: Guidelines towards a harmonized energy efficiency policy program impact evaluation methodology. Energy Reports, 7, 1385–1395.Bhaskar, A., Assadi, M., & Nikpey Somehsaraei, H. (2020). Decarbonization of the iron and steel industry with direct reduction of iron ore with green hydrogen. Energies, 13(3), 758.Boharb, A., Allouhi, A., Saidur, R., Kousksou, T., Jamil, A., Mourad, Y., & Benbassou, A. (2016). Auditing and analysis of energy consumption of an industrial site in Morocco. Energy, 101, 332–342.Boqiang, L., & Xiaoling, O. (2014). Electricity demand and conservation potential in the Chinese nonmetallic mineral products industry. Energy Policy, 68, 243–250.Bosu, I., Mahmoud, H. H., & Hassan, H. (2023). Energy audit and management of an industrial site based on energy efficiency, economic, and environmental analysis. Applied Energy, 333, 120619.Briceño, M., Montenegro, T., Clairand, J., & Escrivá, G. (2022). Energy savings for car stores by using energy efficiency improvements. Processes, 10(6), 1108.Cañizares, G., Aragón, M., Pérez, R., & González, E. (2014). La gestión energética y su impacto en el sector industrial de la provincia de Villa Clara. Tecnología Química, XXXIV(1), 20.Carlander, J., & Thollander, P. (2022). Drivers for implementation of energy-efficient technologies in building construction projects: Results from a Swedish case study. Resources Environment and Sustainability, 10, 100078.Choi, J., Thangamani, D., & Kissock, K. (2019). A systematic methodology for improving resource efficiency in small and medium-sized enterprises. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 147, 19–27.Colombia Productiva. (2021). Empresas han ahorrado más de $1.300 millones gracias a proyecto de eficiencia energética para la productividad. Disponible en: https://www.colombiaproductiva.com/ptp-comunica/noticias/empresas-han-ahorrado-mas-de-1-300-millones-graciaDecreto 957 de 2019. Parágrafo 13. Criterios de Clasificación de las Micro, Pequeñas, Medianas y Grandes Empresas. Diario Oficial No. 50975.Fernando, Y., & Hor, W. L. (2017). Impacts of energy management practices on energy efficiency and carbon emissions reduction: A survey of Malaysian manufacturing firms. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 126, 62–73.Fiorini, L., & Aiello, M. (2019). Energy management for user’s thermal and power needs: A survey. Energy Reports, 5, 1048–1076.García, C., González, O., Báez, O., Téllez, L., & Obando, D. (2017). Plan de Acción Indicativo de Eficiencia Energética 2017–2022. Disponible en: https://www1.upme.gov.co/demandaenergetica/marconormatividad/pai_proure_2017-2022.pdfGonzález, X. (2019). Cementos Argos venderá su participación accionaria en Omya Andina por $62.700 millones. Revista La República. Disponible en: https://www.larepublica.co/empresas/cementosargos-vendera-su-participacion-accionaria-en-omya-andina-sa-porun-valor-de-62700-millones-2870109ISO 50001:2019 (E). (2019). International Standard, Energy Management Systems – Requirements with Guidance for Use. International Organization for Standardization.ISO 50002:2014 (E). (2014). International Standard, Energy Audits – Requirements with Guidance for Use. International Organization for Standardization.Javied, T., Rackow, T., & Franke, J. (2015). Implementing energy management system to increase energy efficiency in manufacturing companies. Procedia CIRP, 26, 156–157.Jochem, E., & Gruber, E. (2007). Local learning-networks on energy efficiency in industry – Successful initiative in Germany. Applied Energy, 84, 806–816.Johansson, I., Johnsson, S., & Thollander, P. (2022). Impact evaluation of an energy efficiency network policy programme for industrial SMEs in Sweden. Resources, Environment and Sustainability, 9, 100065.Kalantzis, F., & Revoltella, D. (2019). Do energy audits help SMEs to realize energy-efficiency opportunities? Energy Economics, 8, 2.Kalantzis, F., & Revoltella, D. (2019). How energy audits promote SMEs’ energy efficiency investment. Economics – Working Papers, p. 4. Disponible en: https://www.eib.org/attachments/efs/economics_working_paper_2019_02_en.pdfKapp, S., Choi, J. K., & Kissock, K. (2022). Toward energy-efficient industrial thermal systems for regional manufacturing facilities. Energy Reports, 8, 1377–1387.Ley 1715 de 2014. Por el cual se establece el marco legal y los instrumentos para la promoción del aprovechamiento de las fuentes no convencionales de energía. Diario Oficial No. 49150.Ley 2099 de 2021. Moderniza la legislación vigente y dicta otras disposiciones para la transición energética. Diario Oficial No. 51731.Ley 697 de 2001. Fomenta el uso racional y eficiente de la energía. Diario Oficial No. 44573.Lin, B., & Zhu, J. (2019). Determinants of renewable energy technological innovation in China under CO₂ emissions constraint. Journal of Environmental Management, 247, 662–671.Lisauskas, A., Kveselis, V., Dzenajavičienė, E., Masaitis, S., & Perednis, E. (2022). Analysis of energy audits results and impacts: Case of small and medium enterprises in Lithuania. Energy Efficiency, 15, 48.Majaty, S., Touzani, A., & Kasseh, Y. (2023). 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Energy Economics, 114, 106253.DecarbonizationSMEsEnergy managementNon-metallic mineral sectorEnergy efficiencyISO 50002DescarbonizaciónISO 50002PYMESGestión energéticaSector minerales no metálicosEficiencia energéticaComunidad generalPublicationfe76be56-3153-45da-89c5-fc9953b918d9virtual::6202-1fe76be56-3153-45da-89c5-fc9953b918d9virtual::6202-1https://scholar.google.es/citations?user=6O9VfcAAAAAJ&hl=esvirtual::6202-10000-0002-0421-7739virtual::6202-1https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0000144886virtual::6202-1ORIGINALISO_50002_and_ITS_contribution_to_the_decarbonization_of_SMES_Case_study.pdfISO_50002_and_ITS_contribution_to_the_decarbonization_of_SMES_Case_study.pdfArchivo texto completo del artículo de revista, PDFapplication/pdf8412684https://red.uao.edu.co/bitstreams/a1a242fc-27b9-4904-bd07-a276ed79b2a9/downloadc0ead90d49167d41a1d9efe76c6bb67cMD51LICENSElicense.txtlicense.txttext/plain; charset=utf-81672https://red.uao.edu.co/bitstreams/1b6b4a44-577f-4a46-a011-e40b8b88db0e/download6987b791264a2b5525252450f99b10d1MD52TEXTISO_50002_and_ITS_contribution_to_the_decarbonization_of_SMES_Case_study.pdf.txtISO_50002_and_ITS_contribution_to_the_decarbonization_of_SMES_Case_study.pdf.txtExtracted texttext/plain85230https://red.uao.edu.co/bitstreams/bde61be5-b5c3-4172-ba39-002ac365c9ce/downloade09f456995eefa6c23bc87d13f963693MD53THUMBNAILISO_50002_and_ITS_contribution_to_the_decarbonization_of_SMES_Case_study.pdf.jpgISO_50002_and_ITS_contribution_to_the_decarbonization_of_SMES_Case_study.pdf.jpgGenerated Thumbnailimage/jpeg16302https://red.uao.edu.co/bitstreams/a6a36d72-aa26-43b4-ba78-970ad7ba2dee/download219cc538a5d9dfb5e7d406db925f7316MD5410614/16225oai:red.uao.edu.co:10614/162252025-07-27 03:03:01.289https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/Derechos reservados - EconJournals, 202 4open.accesshttps://red.uao.edu.coRepositorio Digital Universidad Autonoma de Occidenterepositorio@uao.edu.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