Remoción de colorantes en aguas residuales de la industria textil por medio de material bioadsorbente proveniente de concha de ostras
In the present work, an evaluation was made of clam (Polymesoda sp.), oyster (Crassostrea rhizophorae) and coral rock (Coquina) shells as bioadsorbent materials for dye removal in wastewater from the textile industry. These materials were prepared and brought to different particle diameters (300 um...
- Autores:
-
Coronado Herrera, Carolanne
Rhenals Navarro, Jean Carlos
- Tipo de recurso:
- Trabajo de grado de pregrado
- Fecha de publicación:
- 2024
- Institución:
- Corporación Universidad de la Costa
- Repositorio:
- REDICUC - Repositorio CUC
- Idioma:
- OAI Identifier:
- oai:repositorio.cuc.edu.co:11323/13446
- Acceso en línea:
- https://hdl.handle.net/11323/13446
https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/
- Palabra clave:
- Bioadsorbent
Colorant
Oyster shells
Coquina rock
Removal
Bioadsorbente
Colorante
Conchas de ostras
Roca coquina
Remoción
- Rights
- openAccess
- License
- Atribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0)
id |
RCUC2_a5800e4f58abef4942c947c4218d7d2d |
---|---|
oai_identifier_str |
oai:repositorio.cuc.edu.co:11323/13446 |
network_acronym_str |
RCUC2 |
network_name_str |
REDICUC - Repositorio CUC |
repository_id_str |
|
dc.title.spa.fl_str_mv |
Remoción de colorantes en aguas residuales de la industria textil por medio de material bioadsorbente proveniente de concha de ostras |
title |
Remoción de colorantes en aguas residuales de la industria textil por medio de material bioadsorbente proveniente de concha de ostras |
spellingShingle |
Remoción de colorantes en aguas residuales de la industria textil por medio de material bioadsorbente proveniente de concha de ostras Bioadsorbent Colorant Oyster shells Coquina rock Removal Bioadsorbente Colorante Conchas de ostras Roca coquina Remoción |
title_short |
Remoción de colorantes en aguas residuales de la industria textil por medio de material bioadsorbente proveniente de concha de ostras |
title_full |
Remoción de colorantes en aguas residuales de la industria textil por medio de material bioadsorbente proveniente de concha de ostras |
title_fullStr |
Remoción de colorantes en aguas residuales de la industria textil por medio de material bioadsorbente proveniente de concha de ostras |
title_full_unstemmed |
Remoción de colorantes en aguas residuales de la industria textil por medio de material bioadsorbente proveniente de concha de ostras |
title_sort |
Remoción de colorantes en aguas residuales de la industria textil por medio de material bioadsorbente proveniente de concha de ostras |
dc.creator.fl_str_mv |
Coronado Herrera, Carolanne Rhenals Navarro, Jean Carlos |
dc.contributor.advisor.none.fl_str_mv |
Gómez Plata Leandro Moreno Ríos Andrea |
dc.contributor.author.none.fl_str_mv |
Coronado Herrera, Carolanne Rhenals Navarro, Jean Carlos |
dc.contributor.jury.none.fl_str_mv |
Cantero Ruben Yanes Andrea |
dc.subject.proposal.eng.fl_str_mv |
Bioadsorbent Colorant Oyster shells Coquina rock Removal |
topic |
Bioadsorbent Colorant Oyster shells Coquina rock Removal Bioadsorbente Colorante Conchas de ostras Roca coquina Remoción |
dc.subject.proposal.spa.fl_str_mv |
Bioadsorbente Colorante Conchas de ostras Roca coquina Remoción |
description |
In the present work, an evaluation was made of clam (Polymesoda sp.), oyster (Crassostrea rhizophorae) and coral rock (Coquina) shells as bioadsorbent materials for dye removal in wastewater from the textile industry. These materials were prepared and brought to different particle diameters (300 um and less than 300 um). Subsequently, a thermal modification of the bio-adsorbent material was carried out using an initial drying at 120°C and then a calcination at temperatures: 200°C, 400°C and 600°C, to later be analyzed through different characterization techniques. (PZC, XRD, FTIR, TGA and BET). Mounts were made in the laboratory using a brilliant green dye stock solution. From this solution solutions were prepared at different concentrations (25, 50 and 75 mg/L) which were put in contact with the bioadsorbent at different pH values (between 2 and 12) with different doses of adsorbent material (between 0.2 at 0.6 g/L) and kept under constant stirring. Aliquots were taken from each experiment at different time intervals and the dye adsorption process was measured by visible ultraviolet radiation at a wavelength of 640 nm. Coquina rock was selected as the best material at a temperature of 120ºC and with a diameter greater than 300 um, with which a removal percentage of 90% was obtained in a given time between 15 and 20 minutes at pH 7. The foregoing allows us to conclude that Coquina rock is a viable and easily accessible bioadsorbent material for dye removal in textile wastewater. |
publishDate |
2024 |
dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv |
2024-10-16T20:58:37Z |
dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv |
2024-10-16T20:58:37Z |
dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv |
2024 |
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv |
Trabajo de grado - Pregrado |
dc.type.coar.none.fl_str_mv |
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_7a1f |
dc.type.content.none.fl_str_mv |
Text |
dc.type.driver.none.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/bachelorThesis |
dc.type.redcol.none.fl_str_mv |
http://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/TP |
dc.type.version.none.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion |
format |
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_7a1f |
status_str |
acceptedVersion |
dc.identifier.uri.none.fl_str_mv |
https://hdl.handle.net/11323/13446 |
dc.identifier.instname.none.fl_str_mv |
Corporación Universidad de la Costa |
dc.identifier.reponame.none.fl_str_mv |
REDICUC - Repositorio CUC |
dc.identifier.repourl.none.fl_str_mv |
https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/ |
url |
https://hdl.handle.net/11323/13446 https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/ |
identifier_str_mv |
Corporación Universidad de la Costa REDICUC - Repositorio CUC |
dc.relation.references.none.fl_str_mv |
Adeleke, O. A., Latiff, A. A. A., Saphira, M. R., Daud, Z., Ismail, N., Ahsan, A., Ab Aziz, N. A., Al-Gheethi, A., Kumar, V., Fadilat, A., & Apandi, N. (2019). Principles and Mechanism of Adsorption for the Effective Treatment of Palm Oil Mill Effluent for Water Reuse. Nanotechnology in Water and Wastewater Treatment, 1–33. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-813902-8.00001-0 Ahuja, S. (2021). Water quality worldwide. Handbook of Water Purity and Quality, 19–33. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-821057-4.00003-3 Ali, K., Javaid, M. U., Ali, Z., & Zaghum, M. J. (2021). Biomass-Derived Adsorbents for Dye and Heavy Metal Removal from Wastewater. Adsorption Science & Technology, 2021, 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/9357509 Amaringo, F. A., & Hormaza Anaguano, A. (2013). Determinación del punto de carga cero y punto isoeléctrico de dos residuos agrícolas y su aplicación en la remoción de colorantes. Revista de investigación Agrícola y Ambiental, 30. Ardila, C., Palacio, A., & Barrera, R. (2018). Cáscara de Piña como Adsorbente de Colorantes Típicos de la Industria Textil. Uptc.edu.co. https://revistas.uptc.edu.co/index.php/ciencia_en_desarrollo/article/view/7689/7268 Asikin-Mijan, N., Taufiq-Yap, Y. & Lee, H. (2015). Synthesis of clamshell derived Ca(OH)2 nano-particles via simple surfactant-hydration treatment. Chemical Engineering Journal, 262, 1043-1051. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2014.10.069 Avelino, C. (2021). Sustitución de productos químicos tóxicos por productos químicos sostenibles en los procesos de la industria textil mediante tecnologías limpias. http://repositorio.unac.edu.pe/bitstream/handle/20.500.12952/5836/IF AVELINO%20CARHUARICRA%20-FIQ-2021.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y Bae S.J., Freeman S.H. y Kim D.S., 2006. Influences of new azo dyes to the aquatic ecosystem. Fiber Polymer., 7, 30-35 Barajas, J., Cano, M., Castorena, J. H., Santiago, V., & Díaz, J. (2016). Remocion de colorantes por medio de Curcubitaceas. Avances en Ciencias e Ingeniería, 7(4), 67- 80. Bergslien, E. T. (2022). X-ray diffraction (XRD) evaluation of questioned cremains. Forensic Science International, 332, 111171. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forsciint.2022.111171 Brunauer, S., Emmett, P. H. & Teller, E. (1938). Adsorption of Gases in Multimolecular Layers. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 60(2), 309-319. https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01269a023 Brião, G. de V., da Silva, M. G. C., Vieira, M. G. A., & Chu, K. H. (2022). Correlation of type II adsorption isotherms of water contaminants using modified BET equations. Colloid and Interface Science Communications, 46, 100557. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colcom.2021.100557 Cabral, D. S., Campos Medeiros, L. C., Barbosa Alves, B. V., Passos, L. S., Pereira, T. M., Merçon, J., Castheloge, V. D., & Chippari-Gomes, A. R. (2022). Do iron and manganese affect the health of the estuarine oyster Crassostrea rhizophorae? Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 268, 107800. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2022.107800 Centro Nacional de Información Biotecnológica (2022). Resumen de compuestos de PubChem para CID 12449, verde brillante. Recuperado de https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Brilliant-green . Centro Nacional de Información Biotecnológica (2022). Resumen de compuestos de PubChem para CID 6694, Rhodamine B. Obtenido de https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Rhodamine-B Chang, H. Y., Kuo, Y. L. & Liu, J. (2019). Fluoride at waste oyster shell surfaces – Role of magnesium. Science of The Total Environment, 652, 1331-1338. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.10.238 Chen, Y., Xu, J., Lv, Z., xie, R., Huang, L., & Jiang, J. (2018). Impacts of biochar and oyster shells waste on the immobilization of arsenic in highly contaminated soils. Journal of Environmental Management, 217, 646–653. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.04.007 Chourasiya, R., Pandey, S., & Kumar Malviya, R. (2022). Developing a framework to analyse the effect of sustainable manufacturing adoption in Indian textile industries. Cleaner Logistics and Supply Chain, 4, 100045. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clscn.2022.100045 Corbett, P. W. M., Wang, H., Câmara, R. N., Tavares, A. C., Borghi de Almeida, L. F., Perosi, F., Machado, A., Jiang, Z., Ma, J., & Bagueira, R. (2017). Using the porosity exponent (m) and pore-scale resistivity modelling to understand pore fabric types in coquinas (Barremian-Aptian) of the Morro do Chaves Formation, NE Brazil. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 88, 628–647. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2017.08.032 Cortazar Martínez, A., Coronel Olivares, C., Escalante Lozada, A., & González Ramírez, C. (2012). Contaminación generada por colorantes de la industria textil. Vida Cientifica Cruz, R. (2019). Evaluación de distintos adsorbentes basados en calcio en la adsorción del colorante índigo carmín. Buap.mx. https://doi.org/https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12371/4578 De Cózar Escalante, J. M. (2005). Principio de precaución y medio ambiente. Revista Españolas de la Salud Pública, 79(2) Deckker, P., Reeves, J. & Prendergast, A. (2017). She sells sea shells. Australian Academy of Science. https://www.science.org.au/curious/earth-environment/sea-shells De La Hoz, M. (2010). Condición somática de la almeja Polymesoda solida (Veneroidea: Corbiculidae) durante el periodo lluvioso, en el Parque Natural Isla de Salamanca, Caribe colombiano. In Rev. Biol. Trop. (Int. J. Trop. Biol. ISSN (Vol. 58, Issue 1) Díaz, A. and Rodelo, E., 2019. Evaluación de materiales bioadsorbentes modificados térmicamente en la remoción de nutrientes presentes en aguas residuales municipales de la ciudad de Barranquilla. Repositorio.cuc.edu.co. Disponible en: <https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/handle/11323/4914> Ensuncho, A. E., Milanés, N., & Robles, J. R. (2015). Remoción del colorante rojo allura en solución acuosa utilizando carbones activados obtenidos de desechos agrícolas. Información tecnológica, 26(2), 69-78. Ergaieg, K., Msaddek, M. H., Kallel, A., & Trabelsi, I. (2021). Monitoring of horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetlands for tertiary treatment of municipal wastewater. Arabian Journal of Geosciences, 14(19). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-021-08419- y Europa press. (2017). Las conchas marinas, una nueva fuente de biomateriales sostenibles. https://www.europapress.es/sociedad/medio-ambiente-00647/noticia-conchas marinas-nueva-fuente-biomateriales-sostenibles-20170705 Ezechi, E. H., Kutty, S. R. bin M., Malakahmad, A., & Isa, M. H. (2015). Characterization and optimization of effluent dye removal using a new low cost adsorbent: Equilibrium, kinetics and thermodynamic study. Process Safety and Environmental Protection, 98, 16–32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psep.2015.06.006. Fan, X., Deng, L., Li, K., Lu, H., Wang, R. & Li, W. (2021). Adsorption of malachite green in aqueous solution using sugarcane bagasse-barium carbonate composite. Colloid and Interface Science Communications, 44, 100485. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colcom.2021.100485 Garcés Giraldo, L. F., & Peñuela Mesa, G. A. (2007). Tratamiento de las aguas residuales de una industria textil utilizando colector solar. Revista lasallista de investigación , 25. García, C. (2019). Adsorción de compuestos clorados en sílices dopadas: Cu/SiO2, Fe/SiO2 y Ag/SiO2 para aplicaciones ambientales. https://repositorioinstitucional.buap.mx/bitstream/handle/20.500.12371/5012/83801 9TL.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y Giwa, S. O., Said, D. Y., Ibrahim, M. D., & Giwa, A. (2017). Textile wastewater treatment using sodom apple (Calotropis procera) - Aided tamarind seed as a coagulant. International Journal of Engineering Research in Africa, 32, 76–85. https://doi.org/10.4028/WWW.SCIENTIFIC.NET/JERA.32.76 Ghosh, S., Islam, S., Pramanik, S., & Seth, S. K. (2022). Structural elucidation of phenoxybenzaldehyde derivatives from laboratory powder X-ray diffraction: A combined experimental and theoretical quantum mechanical study. Journal of Molecular Structure, 133697. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.133697 Giraldo, G., Fernando, L., Mesa, P., & Antonio, G. (2005). Cinética de degradación y mineralización del colorante Naranja Reactivo 84 en aguas. Revista Lasallista de Investigación. Haladu, S. A. (2022). Highly efficient adsorption of malachite green dye onto a cross-linked pH-responsive cycloterpolymer resin: Kinetic, equilibrium and thermodynamic studies. Journal of Molecular Liquids, 357, 119115. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molliq.2022.119115 Hasanpour, M., & Hatami, M. (2020). Photocatalytic performance of aerogels for organic dyes removal from wastewaters: Review study. Journal of Molecular Liquids, 309, 113094. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molliq.2020.113094 Hernández. & Muñoz, S. (2018). Caracterización de Tecnologías aplicadas al tratamiento de aguas residuales de la industria textil. Universidad Libre. https://revistas.unilibre.edu.co/index.php/ambiental/article/view/5770 Holkar, C., Jadhav, A., Pinjari, D., Mahamuni, N., & Pandit, A. (2016). A critical review on textile wastewater treatments: Possible approaches. Journal of Environmental Management, 356-358. Jung, S., Heo, N. S., Kim, E. J., Oh, S. Y., Lee, H. U., Kim, I. T., Hur, J., Lee, G.-W., Lee, Y.-C., & Huh, Y. S. (2016). Feasibility test of waste oyster shell powder for water treatment. Process Safety and Environmental Protection, 102, 129–139. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psep.2016.03.004. Katha, P. S., Ahmed, Z., Alam, R., Saha, B., Acharjee, A., & Rahman, M. S. (2021). Efficiency analysis of eggshell and tea waste as Low cost adsorbents for Cr removal from wastewater sample. South African Journal of Chemical Engineering, 37, 186– 195. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sajce.2021.06.001 Katheresan, V., Kansedo, J., & Lau, S. Y. (2018). Efficiency of various recent wastewater dye removal methods: A review. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 6(4), 4676–4697. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2018.06.060 Kishor, R., Raj, A., & Bharagava, R. N. (2022). Synergistic role of bacterial consortium (RKS-AMP) for treatment of recalcitrant coloring pollutants of textile industry wastewater. Journal of Water Process Engineering, 47, 102700. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jwpe.2022.102700 Lellis, B., Fávaro-Polonio, C. Z., Pamphile, J. A., & Polonio, J. C. (2019). Effects of textile dyes on health and the environment and bioremediation potential of living organisms. Biotechnology Research and Innovation, 3(2), 275–290. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biori.2019.09.001 Li, Q., Zhai, J., Zhang, W., Wang, M., & Zhou, J. (2007). Kinetic studies of adsorption of Pb(II), Cr(III) and Cu(II) from aqueous solution by sawdust and modified peanut husk. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 141(1), 163–167. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2006.06.109 Lim, A., Chew, J. J., Ismadji, S., Khaerudini, D. S., Darsono, N., & Sunarso, J. (2022). Kinetic and equilibrium adsorption study of anionic dyes using oil palm trunk derived activated carbon. Materials Today: Proceedings. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2022.04.918 Maldonado. (2009). Ciudades y contaminación ambiental. Revista de Ingeniería, 68. Mansilla, H., Lizama, C., Gutarra, A., & Rodríguez, J. (2001). Tratamiento de residuos líquidos de la industria de celulosa y textil. Maria, R. (04 de 11 de 2012). slide share. Recuperado el 06 de 07 de 2017, de https://es.slideshare.net/MariaGpeRdzMarthell/distribucin-de-planta-15020464 Melgar Merino, A. (Enero-Diciembre de 2013). Evaluación del proceso de biosorción del colorante rodamina contenidas en las aguas residuales de la Cooperativa Textil Manufacturas del Centro Ltda. con cáscara de naranja modificada. Prospectiva universitaria, 10(1 y 2), 1. Natali, M., Torre, L., Puri, I. & Rallini, M. (2022). Thermal degradation of phenolics and their carbon fiber derived composites: A feasible protocol to assess the heat capacity as a function of temperature through the use of common DSC and TGA analysis. Polymer Degradation and Stability, 195, 109793. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2021.109793 Nguyen, T., Ngo, H., Guo, W., Nguyen, T., Vu, N., Soda, S., Nguyen, T., Nguyen, M., Tran, T., Dang, T., Nguyen, V. & Cao, T. (2020). White hard clam (Meretrix lyrata) shells as novel filter media to augment the phosphorus removal from wastewater. Science of The Total Environment, 741, 140483. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140483 Okafor, C. C., Madu, C. N., Ajaero, C. C., Ibekwe, J. C., & Nzekwe, C. A. (2021). Sustainable management of textile and clothing. Clean Technologies and Recycling, 1(1), 70–87. https://doi.org/10.3934/ctr.2021004 ONU. (2019). No dejar a nadie atrás. Informe Mundial de las Naciones Unidas sobre el Desarrollo del recurso hídrico. https://www.acnur.org/5c93e4c34.pdf Osorio, R. (2019). Estudio comparativo de la remoción de azul de metileno con cascara de yuca y banano . Ramirez Bravo, A. T. (2015). Estudio de la calidad del agua de riego del rio quillcay con fines de riego durante el año 2014. Universidad Nacional Santiago Antunez De Mayolo(T0441), 1. Rashid, S., Shen, C., Yang, J., Liu, J., & Li, J. (2018). Preparation and properties of chitosan–metal complex: Some factors influencing the adsorption capacity for dyes in aqueous solution. Journal of Environmental Sciences, 66, 301–309. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jes.2017.04.033 Rigueto, C. V. T., Piccin, J. S., Dettmer, A., Rosseto, M., Dotto, G. L., de Oliveira Schmitz, A. P., Perondi, D., de Freitas, T. S. M., Loss, R. A., & Geraldi, C. A. Q. (2020). Water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) roots, an amazon natural waste, as an alternative biosorbent to uptake a reactive textile dye from aqueous solutions. Ecological Engineering, 150, 105817. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2020.105817 Risso, R., Ferraz, P., Meireles, S., Fonseca, I. & Vital, J. (2018a). Highly active Cao catalysts from waste shells of egg, oyster and clam for biodiesel production. Applied Catalysis A: General, 567, 56-64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcata.2018.09.003 Risso, R., Ferraz, P., Meireles, S., Fonseca, I. & Vital, J. (2018b). Highly active Cao catalysts from waste shells of egg, oyster and clam for biodiesel production. Applied Catalysis A: General, 567, 56-64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcata.2018.09.003 Ruscasso, F., Bezus, B., Garmendia, G., Vero, S., Curutchet, G., Cavello, I. & Cavalitto, S. (2021). Debaryomyces hansenii F39A as biosorbent for textile dye removal. Revista Argentina de Microbiología, 53(3), 257-265. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ram.2020.10.004 Samudio, L. E. (2018). Caracterización de la dolomita para su uso en procesos de adsorción de fosfato en aguas. Recuperado de http://ns2.une.edu.py:7004/repositorio/handle/123456789/315 Sandoval Yoval, L., Miranda Mandujano, E., & Moeller Chávez, G. (2013). Evaluación de diferentes procesos de tratamiento para la remoción de colorantes sintéticos utilizados en la industria textil Sharma, B., Dangi, A. K., & Shukla, P. (2018). Contemporary enzyme based technologies for bioremediation: A review. Journal of Environmental Management, 210, 10–22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2017.12.075 Sarro, M., Gule, N. P., Laurenti, E., Gamberini, R., Paganini, M. C., Mallon, P. E., & Calza, P. (2018). ZnO-based materials and enzymes hybrid systems as highly efficient catalysts for recalcitrant pollutants abatement. Chemical Engineering Journal, 334, 2530–2538. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2017.11.146 Sartape, A. S., Mandhare, A. M., Jadhav, V. V., Raut, P. D., Anuse, M. A., & Kolekar, S. S. (2017). Removal of malachite green dye from aqueous solution with adsorption technique using Limonia acidissima (wood apple) shell as low cost adsorbent. Arabian Journal of Chemistry, 10, S3229–S3238. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arabjc.2013.12.019 Singh, D., Sowmya, V., Abinandan, S., & Shanthakumar, S. (2017). Removal of Malachite Green Dye by Mangifera indica Seed Kernel Powder. Journal of the Institution of Engineers (India): Series A, 99(1), 103–111. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40030-017- 0257-4 Shih, P.-K., & Chang, W.-L. (2015). The effect of water purificationby oyster shell contact bed. Ecological Engineering, 382-390 Simonin, J. P. (2016). On the comparison of pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order rate laws in the modeling of adsorption kinetics. Chemical Engineering Journal, 300, 254-263. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2016.04.079 Soudagar, S., Akash, S., Sree Venkat, M., Rao Poiba, V., & Vangalapati, M. (2021). Adsorption of methylene blue dye on nano graphene oxide-thermodynamics and kinetic studies. Materials Today: Proceedings. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2021.12.199 Su, H., Guo, X., Zhang, X., Zhang, Q., Huang, D., Lin, L., & Qiang, X. (2022). Ultrafine biosorbent from waste oyster shell: A comparative study of Congo red and Methylene blue adsorption. Bioresource Technology Reports, 19, 101124. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biteb.2022.101124 Subhan, F., Aslam, S., Yan, Z., Yaseen, M., Naeem, M., Ikram, M., Ali, A., & Bibi, S. (2022). Adsorption and reusability performance of hierarchically porous silica (MMZ) for the removal of MB dye from water. Inorganic Chemistry Communications, 139, 109380. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.inoche.2022.109380 Tejada, C., Ortiz, A., & Ruiz, E. (2015). Adsorption kinetics of Cr (VI) using chemically modified residual biomass in batch and continuous Systems. Thommes, M., Kaneko, K., Neimark, A. V., Olivier, J. P., Rodriguez-Reinoso, F., Rouquerol, J., & Sing, K. S. W. (2015). Physisorption of gases, with special reference to the evaluation of surface area and pore size distribution (IUPAC Technical Report). Pure and Applied Chemistry, 87(9-10), 1051–1069. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2014-1117 Trinidad, L. (2018).Teñido de algodón usando dióxido de carbono a diferentes temperaturas y cantidades de agua a nivel de laboratorio. https://repositorio.ucv.edu.pe/bitstream/handle/20.500.12692/19289/Trinidad_PLA SD.pdf?sequence=6&isAllowed=y Umh, H. N., & Kim, Y. (2014). Sensitivity of nanoparticles’ stability at the point of zero charge (PZC). Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, 20(5), 3175–3178. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jiec.2013.11.062 Valladares-Cisneros, M. G., Valerio Cárdenas, C., de la Cruz Burelo, P., & Melgoza Alemán, R. M. (2017). Adsorbentes no-convencionales, alternativas sustentables para el tratamiento de aguas residuales. Revista Ingenierías Universidad de Medellín, 16(31), 55–73. https://doi.org/10.22395/rium.v16n31a3 Vargas Rodríguez, M., Cabañas Vargas, D., Gamboa Marrufo, M., & Domínguez Benetton, X. (2009). Evaluación del proceso de biosorción con cáscaras de naranja para la eliminación del colorante comercial Lanasol Navy CE en aguas residuales de la industria textil . Red de Revistas Científicas de América Latina, el Caribe, España y Portugal, 40. Wang, Z., Ren, D., Zhang, X., Zhang, S. & Chen, W. (2022). Adsorption-degradation of malachite green using alkali-modified biochar immobilized laccase under multi methods. Advanced Powder Technology, 33(11), 103821. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apt.2022.103821 Wu, J., Yang, J., Feng, P., Wen, L., Huang, G., Xu, C. & Lin, B. (2022). Highly efficient and ultra-rapid adsorption of malachite green by recyclable crab shell biochar. Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, 113, 206-214. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jiec.2022.05.047 Yang, J., & Hedin, N. (2022). Advances of lab-scale analytical methods for solidification/stabilization technologies. Low Carbon Stabilization and Solidification of Hazardous Wastes, 483–495. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-824004-5.00006- 2 Yang, F., Gato-Trinidad, S., & Hossain, I. (2022). New insights into the pollutant composition of stormwater treating wetlands. Science of The Total Environment, 827, 154229. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154229 You, K., Yang, W., Song, P., Fan, L., Xu, S., Li, B., & Feng, L. (2022). Lanthanum modified magnetic oyster shell and its use for enhancing phosphate removal from water. Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 633, 127897. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfa.2021.127897 Zahid, M., Ahmad, H., Drioli, E., Rehan, Z. A., Rashid, A., Akram, S., & Khalid, T. (2021). Role of polymeric nanocomposite membranes for the removal of textile dyes from wastewater. Aquananotechnology, 91–103. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12- 821141-0.00006-9 Zaruma, P., Proal, J., Chaires, I., & Salas, H. (2018). Los Colorantes Textiles Industriales Y Tratamientos Óptimos De Sus Efluentes De Agua Residual: Una Breve Revisión. file:///C:/Users/carol/Downloads/4rfcq19.pdf Zollinger, H. (2004). Color Chemistry: Syntheses, Properties and Applications of Organic Dyes and Pigments. Zürich: Angewandte Chemie |
dc.rights.license.none.fl_str_mv |
Atribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0) |
dc.rights.uri.none.fl_str_mv |
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ |
dc.rights.accessrights.none.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
dc.rights.coar.none.fl_str_mv |
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2 |
rights_invalid_str_mv |
Atribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2 |
eu_rights_str_mv |
openAccess |
dc.format.extent.none.fl_str_mv |
110 páginas |
dc.format.mimetype.none.fl_str_mv |
application/pdf |
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Corporacion Universidad de la Costa |
dc.publisher.department.none.fl_str_mv |
Civil y Ambiental |
dc.publisher.place.none.fl_str_mv |
Barranquilla |
dc.publisher.program.none.fl_str_mv |
Ingeniería Ambiental |
publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Corporacion Universidad de la Costa |
institution |
Corporación Universidad de la Costa |
bitstream.url.fl_str_mv |
https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/6c3456de-8b88-49ef-a5e4-fbf2e2e3b164/download https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/33c40da4-a0c9-4a32-bd66-104f3c2f7729/download https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/28736772-d882-4ad7-beb5-682d8751cbd8/download https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/124f19e7-2941-4639-a2c5-893aa3cf9122/download |
bitstream.checksum.fl_str_mv |
96244a48fa7277ccc6b972a52555786e 73a5432e0b76442b22b026844140d683 459e541761563f24d10ddb3935eff077 2a2912adab7be8c53cd053dfd51779f8 |
bitstream.checksumAlgorithm.fl_str_mv |
MD5 MD5 MD5 MD5 |
repository.name.fl_str_mv |
Repositorio de la Universidad de la Costa CUC |
repository.mail.fl_str_mv |
repdigital@cuc.edu.co |
_version_ |
1828166654221090816 |
spelling |
Atribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0)https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2Gómez Plata LeandroMoreno Ríos AndreaCoronado Herrera, CarolanneRhenals Navarro, Jean CarlosCantero RubenYanes Andrea2024-10-16T20:58:37Z2024-10-16T20:58:37Z2024https://hdl.handle.net/11323/13446Corporación Universidad de la CostaREDICUC - Repositorio CUChttps://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/In the present work, an evaluation was made of clam (Polymesoda sp.), oyster (Crassostrea rhizophorae) and coral rock (Coquina) shells as bioadsorbent materials for dye removal in wastewater from the textile industry. These materials were prepared and brought to different particle diameters (300 um and less than 300 um). Subsequently, a thermal modification of the bio-adsorbent material was carried out using an initial drying at 120°C and then a calcination at temperatures: 200°C, 400°C and 600°C, to later be analyzed through different characterization techniques. (PZC, XRD, FTIR, TGA and BET). Mounts were made in the laboratory using a brilliant green dye stock solution. From this solution solutions were prepared at different concentrations (25, 50 and 75 mg/L) which were put in contact with the bioadsorbent at different pH values (between 2 and 12) with different doses of adsorbent material (between 0.2 at 0.6 g/L) and kept under constant stirring. Aliquots were taken from each experiment at different time intervals and the dye adsorption process was measured by visible ultraviolet radiation at a wavelength of 640 nm. Coquina rock was selected as the best material at a temperature of 120ºC and with a diameter greater than 300 um, with which a removal percentage of 90% was obtained in a given time between 15 and 20 minutes at pH 7. The foregoing allows us to conclude that Coquina rock is a viable and easily accessible bioadsorbent material for dye removal in textile wastewater.En el presente trabajo se realizó la evaluación de materiales provenientes de conchas de ostra (roca coralina: Coquina) como bioadsorbentes para la remoción de colorante en aguas residuales de la industria textil. Dichos materiales fueron llevados a diferentes diámetros de partícula (300 um y menor a 300 um) y posteriormente modificados térmicamente utilizando un secado a 120°C y calcinación a temperaturas entre200°Cy 800 °C, para luego ser analizadas a través de diferentes técnicas de caracterización (PZC, DRX, FTIR, TGA y BET).Para evaluar la capacidad de remoción, así como la cinética de adsorción de los bioadsorbentes, se realizaron montajes en el laboratorio utilizando el colorante verde brillante. Para lo anterior, se evaluaron concentraciones de colorante de 25, 50 y 75 mg/L; pH entre 2 y 12 y dosis de material bioadsorbente entre 0.2 a 0.6 g/L, con agitación constante. De cada experimento se tomaron alícuotas a diferentes intervalos de tiempo a las que se les realizó medición de la absorbancia a una longitud de onda de 640 nm para la posterior determinación de la concentración de colorante en cada instante de tiempo y determinación del porcentaje y capacidad de remoción. . Se seleccionó como mejor material la roca coquina a temperatura de 120ºC y a un diámetro mayor a 300 um, con la cual se obtuvo un porcentaje de remoción del 90% en un tiempo determinado ente 15 y 20 minutos a pH 7. Lo anterior permite concluir que la roca coquina es un material bioadsorbente viable y de fácil acceso para la remoción de colorante en agua residual textilLista de tablas y figuras 11 -- Planteamiento del problema 17 – Justificación 26 –Objetivos 28 -- General 28 -- Específicos 28 –Antecedentes 29 -- Marco teórico 33 --Contaminación de los cuerpos de agua por aguas residuales textiles 33 -- Colorantes textiles 34 -- Colorante Verde Brillante 39 -- Tratamiento de colorantes textiles 40 --Remediación física y química 41 -- Adsorción 42 -- Factores que influyen en la adsorción 42 -- Punto de carga cero 42 -- Tamaño de partícula 43 -- Concentración inicial de colorante 43 -- Cantidad de adsorbente 43 -- Tiempo de contacto 44 – pH 44 -- Temperatura 44 -- Técnicas de caracterización 45 -- Difracción de rayos X (DRX o XRD 45 -- Irradiación infrarroja por transformada de Fourier (FT-IR 46 -- Análisis Termogravimétrico (TGA 46 -- Análisis de área superficial y porosidad (BET) 46 -- Materiales bioadsorbentes 48 -- Ostra (Crassostrea rhizophorae 49 -- Almeja (Polymesoda 49 -- Roca coralina (Coquina). 50 -- Estudio Cinético 50 -- Modelos cinéticos empleados 51 -- Pseudo primer orden 51 -- Pseudo-segundo orden 52 -- Modelo Elovich 52 -- Modelo de Intraparticula 53 -- Diseño metodológico 54 -- Obtención de materiales 54 -- Fase I: preparación de materiales bioadsorbentes 54 -- Fase II: Caracterización del material bioadsorbente 56 -- Estudio de carga Zero (pH 56 -- Análisis DRX 58 -- Análisis FTIR 58 -- Análisis TGA 59 -- Análisis BET 59 -- Fase III: Cinética de adsorción 60 -- Evaluación de la remoción de los colorantes 60 -- Pruebas realizadas en el laboratorio - cinética de adsorción 61 -- Resultados y discusión 64 -- Caracterización del material 64 -- Análisis DRX 65 -- Análisis FTIR 67 -- Análisis TGA 69 -- Análisis BET 71 -- Determinación de datos preliminares 73 -- Punto de carga cero (PCZ 75 -- Análisis de determinación de pH 75 -- Variación de concentración inicial de colorante 77 -- Variación de dosis de adsorbente 79 -- 10 Cinética de adsorción 81 – Conclusiones 88 – Recomendaciones 90—Referencias 92 – Anexos 108 --Ingeniero(a) AmbientalPregrado110 páginasapplication/pdfCorporacion Universidad de la CostaCivil y AmbientalBarranquillaIngeniería AmbientalRemoción de colorantes en aguas residuales de la industria textil por medio de material bioadsorbente proveniente de concha de ostrasTrabajo de grado - Pregradohttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_7a1fTextinfo:eu-repo/semantics/bachelorThesishttp://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/TPinfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersionAdeleke, O. A., Latiff, A. A. A., Saphira, M. R., Daud, Z., Ismail, N., Ahsan, A., Ab Aziz, N. A., Al-Gheethi, A., Kumar, V., Fadilat, A., & Apandi, N. (2019). Principles and Mechanism of Adsorption for the Effective Treatment of Palm Oil Mill Effluent for Water Reuse. Nanotechnology in Water and Wastewater Treatment, 1–33. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-813902-8.00001-0Ahuja, S. (2021). Water quality worldwide. Handbook of Water Purity and Quality, 19–33. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-821057-4.00003-3Ali, K., Javaid, M. U., Ali, Z., & Zaghum, M. J. (2021). Biomass-Derived Adsorbents for Dye and Heavy Metal Removal from Wastewater. Adsorption Science & Technology, 2021, 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/9357509Amaringo, F. A., & Hormaza Anaguano, A. (2013). Determinación del punto de carga cero y punto isoeléctrico de dos residuos agrícolas y su aplicación en la remoción de colorantes. Revista de investigación Agrícola y Ambiental, 30.Ardila, C., Palacio, A., & Barrera, R. (2018). Cáscara de Piña como Adsorbente de Colorantes Típicos de la Industria Textil. Uptc.edu.co. https://revistas.uptc.edu.co/index.php/ciencia_en_desarrollo/article/view/7689/7268Asikin-Mijan, N., Taufiq-Yap, Y. & Lee, H. (2015). Synthesis of clamshell derived Ca(OH)2 nano-particles via simple surfactant-hydration treatment. Chemical Engineering Journal, 262, 1043-1051. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2014.10.069Avelino, C. (2021). Sustitución de productos químicos tóxicos por productos químicos sostenibles en los procesos de la industria textil mediante tecnologías limpias. http://repositorio.unac.edu.pe/bitstream/handle/20.500.12952/5836/IF AVELINO%20CARHUARICRA%20-FIQ-2021.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=yBae S.J., Freeman S.H. y Kim D.S., 2006. Influences of new azo dyes to the aquatic ecosystem. Fiber Polymer., 7, 30-35Barajas, J., Cano, M., Castorena, J. H., Santiago, V., & Díaz, J. (2016). Remocion de colorantes por medio de Curcubitaceas. Avances en Ciencias e Ingeniería, 7(4), 67- 80.Bergslien, E. T. (2022). X-ray diffraction (XRD) evaluation of questioned cremains. Forensic Science International, 332, 111171. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forsciint.2022.111171Brunauer, S., Emmett, P. H. & Teller, E. (1938). Adsorption of Gases in Multimolecular Layers. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 60(2), 309-319. https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01269a023Brião, G. de V., da Silva, M. G. C., Vieira, M. G. A., & Chu, K. H. (2022). Correlation of type II adsorption isotherms of water contaminants using modified BET equations. Colloid and Interface Science Communications, 46, 100557. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colcom.2021.100557Cabral, D. S., Campos Medeiros, L. C., Barbosa Alves, B. V., Passos, L. S., Pereira, T. M., Merçon, J., Castheloge, V. D., & Chippari-Gomes, A. R. (2022). Do iron and manganese affect the health of the estuarine oyster Crassostrea rhizophorae? Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 268, 107800. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2022.107800Centro Nacional de Información Biotecnológica (2022). Resumen de compuestos de PubChem para CID 12449, verde brillante. Recuperado de https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Brilliant-green .Centro Nacional de Información Biotecnológica (2022). Resumen de compuestos de PubChem para CID 6694, Rhodamine B. Obtenido de https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Rhodamine-BChang, H. Y., Kuo, Y. L. & Liu, J. (2019). Fluoride at waste oyster shell surfaces – Role of magnesium. Science of The Total Environment, 652, 1331-1338. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.10.238Chen, Y., Xu, J., Lv, Z., xie, R., Huang, L., & Jiang, J. (2018). Impacts of biochar and oyster shells waste on the immobilization of arsenic in highly contaminated soils. Journal of Environmental Management, 217, 646–653. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.04.007Chourasiya, R., Pandey, S., & Kumar Malviya, R. (2022). Developing a framework to analyse the effect of sustainable manufacturing adoption in Indian textile industries. Cleaner Logistics and Supply Chain, 4, 100045. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clscn.2022.100045Corbett, P. W. M., Wang, H., Câmara, R. N., Tavares, A. C., Borghi de Almeida, L. F., Perosi, F., Machado, A., Jiang, Z., Ma, J., & Bagueira, R. (2017). Using the porosity exponent (m) and pore-scale resistivity modelling to understand pore fabric types in coquinas (Barremian-Aptian) of the Morro do Chaves Formation, NE Brazil. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 88, 628–647. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2017.08.032Cortazar Martínez, A., Coronel Olivares, C., Escalante Lozada, A., & González Ramírez, C. (2012). Contaminación generada por colorantes de la industria textil. Vida CientificaCruz, R. (2019). Evaluación de distintos adsorbentes basados en calcio en la adsorción del colorante índigo carmín. Buap.mx. https://doi.org/https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12371/4578De Cózar Escalante, J. M. (2005). Principio de precaución y medio ambiente. Revista Españolas de la Salud Pública, 79(2)Deckker, P., Reeves, J. & Prendergast, A. (2017). She sells sea shells. Australian Academy of Science. https://www.science.org.au/curious/earth-environment/sea-shellsDe La Hoz, M. (2010). Condición somática de la almeja Polymesoda solida (Veneroidea: Corbiculidae) durante el periodo lluvioso, en el Parque Natural Isla de Salamanca, Caribe colombiano. In Rev. Biol. Trop. (Int. J. Trop. Biol. ISSN (Vol. 58, Issue 1)Díaz, A. and Rodelo, E., 2019. Evaluación de materiales bioadsorbentes modificados térmicamente en la remoción de nutrientes presentes en aguas residuales municipales de la ciudad de Barranquilla. Repositorio.cuc.edu.co. Disponible en: <https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/handle/11323/4914>Ensuncho, A. E., Milanés, N., & Robles, J. R. (2015). Remoción del colorante rojo allura en solución acuosa utilizando carbones activados obtenidos de desechos agrícolas. Información tecnológica, 26(2), 69-78.Ergaieg, K., Msaddek, M. H., Kallel, A., & Trabelsi, I. (2021). Monitoring of horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetlands for tertiary treatment of municipal wastewater. Arabian Journal of Geosciences, 14(19). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-021-08419- yEuropa press. (2017). Las conchas marinas, una nueva fuente de biomateriales sostenibles. https://www.europapress.es/sociedad/medio-ambiente-00647/noticia-conchas marinas-nueva-fuente-biomateriales-sostenibles-20170705Ezechi, E. H., Kutty, S. R. bin M., Malakahmad, A., & Isa, M. H. (2015). Characterization and optimization of effluent dye removal using a new low cost adsorbent: Equilibrium, kinetics and thermodynamic study. Process Safety and Environmental Protection, 98, 16–32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psep.2015.06.006.Fan, X., Deng, L., Li, K., Lu, H., Wang, R. & Li, W. (2021). Adsorption of malachite green in aqueous solution using sugarcane bagasse-barium carbonate composite. Colloid and Interface Science Communications, 44, 100485. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colcom.2021.100485Garcés Giraldo, L. F., & Peñuela Mesa, G. A. (2007). Tratamiento de las aguas residuales de una industria textil utilizando colector solar. Revista lasallista de investigación , 25.García, C. (2019). Adsorción de compuestos clorados en sílices dopadas: Cu/SiO2, Fe/SiO2 y Ag/SiO2 para aplicaciones ambientales. https://repositorioinstitucional.buap.mx/bitstream/handle/20.500.12371/5012/83801 9TL.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=yGiwa, S. O., Said, D. Y., Ibrahim, M. D., & Giwa, A. (2017). Textile wastewater treatment using sodom apple (Calotropis procera) - Aided tamarind seed as a coagulant. International Journal of Engineering Research in Africa, 32, 76–85. https://doi.org/10.4028/WWW.SCIENTIFIC.NET/JERA.32.76Ghosh, S., Islam, S., Pramanik, S., & Seth, S. K. (2022). Structural elucidation of phenoxybenzaldehyde derivatives from laboratory powder X-ray diffraction: A combined experimental and theoretical quantum mechanical study. Journal of Molecular Structure, 133697. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.133697Giraldo, G., Fernando, L., Mesa, P., & Antonio, G. (2005). Cinética de degradación y mineralización del colorante Naranja Reactivo 84 en aguas. Revista Lasallista de Investigación.Haladu, S. A. (2022). Highly efficient adsorption of malachite green dye onto a cross-linked pH-responsive cycloterpolymer resin: Kinetic, equilibrium and thermodynamic studies. Journal of Molecular Liquids, 357, 119115. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molliq.2022.119115Hasanpour, M., & Hatami, M. (2020). Photocatalytic performance of aerogels for organic dyes removal from wastewaters: Review study. Journal of Molecular Liquids, 309, 113094. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molliq.2020.113094Hernández. & Muñoz, S. (2018). Caracterización de Tecnologías aplicadas al tratamiento de aguas residuales de la industria textil. Universidad Libre. https://revistas.unilibre.edu.co/index.php/ambiental/article/view/5770Holkar, C., Jadhav, A., Pinjari, D., Mahamuni, N., & Pandit, A. (2016). A critical review on textile wastewater treatments: Possible approaches. Journal of Environmental Management, 356-358.Jung, S., Heo, N. S., Kim, E. J., Oh, S. Y., Lee, H. U., Kim, I. T., Hur, J., Lee, G.-W., Lee, Y.-C., & Huh, Y. S. (2016). Feasibility test of waste oyster shell powder for water treatment. Process Safety and Environmental Protection, 102, 129–139. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psep.2016.03.004.Katha, P. S., Ahmed, Z., Alam, R., Saha, B., Acharjee, A., & Rahman, M. S. (2021). Efficiency analysis of eggshell and tea waste as Low cost adsorbents for Cr removal from wastewater sample. South African Journal of Chemical Engineering, 37, 186– 195. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sajce.2021.06.001Katheresan, V., Kansedo, J., & Lau, S. Y. (2018). Efficiency of various recent wastewater dye removal methods: A review. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 6(4), 4676–4697. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2018.06.060Kishor, R., Raj, A., & Bharagava, R. N. (2022). Synergistic role of bacterial consortium (RKS-AMP) for treatment of recalcitrant coloring pollutants of textile industry wastewater. Journal of Water Process Engineering, 47, 102700. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jwpe.2022.102700Lellis, B., Fávaro-Polonio, C. Z., Pamphile, J. A., & Polonio, J. C. (2019). Effects of textile dyes on health and the environment and bioremediation potential of living organisms. Biotechnology Research and Innovation, 3(2), 275–290. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biori.2019.09.001Li, Q., Zhai, J., Zhang, W., Wang, M., & Zhou, J. (2007). Kinetic studies of adsorption of Pb(II), Cr(III) and Cu(II) from aqueous solution by sawdust and modified peanut husk. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 141(1), 163–167. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2006.06.109Lim, A., Chew, J. J., Ismadji, S., Khaerudini, D. S., Darsono, N., & Sunarso, J. (2022). Kinetic and equilibrium adsorption study of anionic dyes using oil palm trunk derived activated carbon. Materials Today: Proceedings. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2022.04.918Maldonado. (2009). Ciudades y contaminación ambiental. Revista de Ingeniería, 68. Mansilla, H., Lizama, C., Gutarra, A., & Rodríguez, J. (2001). Tratamiento de residuos líquidos de la industria de celulosa y textil.Maria, R. (04 de 11 de 2012). slide share. Recuperado el 06 de 07 de 2017, de https://es.slideshare.net/MariaGpeRdzMarthell/distribucin-de-planta-15020464Melgar Merino, A. (Enero-Diciembre de 2013). Evaluación del proceso de biosorción del colorante rodamina contenidas en las aguas residuales de la Cooperativa Textil Manufacturas del Centro Ltda. con cáscara de naranja modificada. Prospectiva universitaria, 10(1 y 2), 1.Natali, M., Torre, L., Puri, I. & Rallini, M. (2022). Thermal degradation of phenolics and their carbon fiber derived composites: A feasible protocol to assess the heat capacity as a function of temperature through the use of common DSC and TGA analysis. Polymer Degradation and Stability, 195, 109793. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2021.109793Nguyen, T., Ngo, H., Guo, W., Nguyen, T., Vu, N., Soda, S., Nguyen, T., Nguyen, M., Tran, T., Dang, T., Nguyen, V. & Cao, T. (2020). White hard clam (Meretrix lyrata) shells as novel filter media to augment the phosphorus removal from wastewater. Science of The Total Environment, 741, 140483. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140483Okafor, C. C., Madu, C. N., Ajaero, C. C., Ibekwe, J. C., & Nzekwe, C. A. (2021). Sustainable management of textile and clothing. Clean Technologies and Recycling, 1(1), 70–87. https://doi.org/10.3934/ctr.2021004ONU. (2019). No dejar a nadie atrás. Informe Mundial de las Naciones Unidas sobre el Desarrollo del recurso hídrico. https://www.acnur.org/5c93e4c34.pdfOsorio, R. (2019). Estudio comparativo de la remoción de azul de metileno con cascara de yuca y banano .Ramirez Bravo, A. T. (2015). Estudio de la calidad del agua de riego del rio quillcay con fines de riego durante el año 2014. Universidad Nacional Santiago Antunez De Mayolo(T0441), 1.Rashid, S., Shen, C., Yang, J., Liu, J., & Li, J. (2018). Preparation and properties of chitosan–metal complex: Some factors influencing the adsorption capacity for dyes in aqueous solution. Journal of Environmental Sciences, 66, 301–309. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jes.2017.04.033Rigueto, C. V. T., Piccin, J. S., Dettmer, A., Rosseto, M., Dotto, G. L., de Oliveira Schmitz, A. P., Perondi, D., de Freitas, T. S. M., Loss, R. A., & Geraldi, C. A. Q. (2020). Water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) roots, an amazon natural waste, as an alternative biosorbent to uptake a reactive textile dye from aqueous solutions. Ecological Engineering, 150, 105817. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2020.105817Risso, R., Ferraz, P., Meireles, S., Fonseca, I. & Vital, J. (2018a). Highly active Cao catalysts from waste shells of egg, oyster and clam for biodiesel production. Applied Catalysis A: General, 567, 56-64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcata.2018.09.003Risso, R., Ferraz, P., Meireles, S., Fonseca, I. & Vital, J. (2018b). Highly active Cao catalysts from waste shells of egg, oyster and clam for biodiesel production. Applied Catalysis A: General, 567, 56-64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcata.2018.09.003Ruscasso, F., Bezus, B., Garmendia, G., Vero, S., Curutchet, G., Cavello, I. & Cavalitto, S. (2021). Debaryomyces hansenii F39A as biosorbent for textile dye removal. Revista Argentina de Microbiología, 53(3), 257-265. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ram.2020.10.004Samudio, L. E. (2018). Caracterización de la dolomita para su uso en procesos de adsorción de fosfato en aguas. Recuperado de http://ns2.une.edu.py:7004/repositorio/handle/123456789/315Sandoval Yoval, L., Miranda Mandujano, E., & Moeller Chávez, G. (2013). Evaluación de diferentes procesos de tratamiento para la remoción de colorantes sintéticos utilizados en la industria textilSharma, B., Dangi, A. K., & Shukla, P. (2018). Contemporary enzyme based technologies for bioremediation: A review. Journal of Environmental Management, 210, 10–22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2017.12.075Sarro, M., Gule, N. P., Laurenti, E., Gamberini, R., Paganini, M. C., Mallon, P. E., & Calza, P. (2018). ZnO-based materials and enzymes hybrid systems as highly efficient catalysts for recalcitrant pollutants abatement. Chemical Engineering Journal, 334, 2530–2538. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2017.11.146Sartape, A. S., Mandhare, A. M., Jadhav, V. V., Raut, P. D., Anuse, M. A., & Kolekar, S. S. (2017). Removal of malachite green dye from aqueous solution with adsorption technique using Limonia acidissima (wood apple) shell as low cost adsorbent. Arabian Journal of Chemistry, 10, S3229–S3238. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arabjc.2013.12.019Singh, D., Sowmya, V., Abinandan, S., & Shanthakumar, S. (2017). Removal of Malachite Green Dye by Mangifera indica Seed Kernel Powder. Journal of the Institution of Engineers (India): Series A, 99(1), 103–111. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40030-017- 0257-4Shih, P.-K., & Chang, W.-L. (2015). The effect of water purificationby oyster shell contact bed. Ecological Engineering, 382-390Simonin, J. P. (2016). On the comparison of pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order rate laws in the modeling of adsorption kinetics. Chemical Engineering Journal, 300, 254-263. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2016.04.079Soudagar, S., Akash, S., Sree Venkat, M., Rao Poiba, V., & Vangalapati, M. (2021). Adsorption of methylene blue dye on nano graphene oxide-thermodynamics and kinetic studies. Materials Today: Proceedings. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2021.12.199Su, H., Guo, X., Zhang, X., Zhang, Q., Huang, D., Lin, L., & Qiang, X. (2022). Ultrafine biosorbent from waste oyster shell: A comparative study of Congo red and Methylene blue adsorption. Bioresource Technology Reports, 19, 101124. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biteb.2022.101124Subhan, F., Aslam, S., Yan, Z., Yaseen, M., Naeem, M., Ikram, M., Ali, A., & Bibi, S. (2022). Adsorption and reusability performance of hierarchically porous silica (MMZ) for the removal of MB dye from water. Inorganic Chemistry Communications, 139, 109380. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.inoche.2022.109380Tejada, C., Ortiz, A., & Ruiz, E. (2015). Adsorption kinetics of Cr (VI) using chemically modified residual biomass in batch and continuous Systems.Thommes, M., Kaneko, K., Neimark, A. V., Olivier, J. P., Rodriguez-Reinoso, F., Rouquerol, J., & Sing, K. S. W. (2015). Physisorption of gases, with special reference to the evaluation of surface area and pore size distribution (IUPAC Technical Report). Pure and Applied Chemistry, 87(9-10), 1051–1069. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2014-1117Trinidad, L. (2018).Teñido de algodón usando dióxido de carbono a diferentes temperaturas y cantidades de agua a nivel de laboratorio. https://repositorio.ucv.edu.pe/bitstream/handle/20.500.12692/19289/Trinidad_PLA SD.pdf?sequence=6&isAllowed=yUmh, H. N., & Kim, Y. (2014). Sensitivity of nanoparticles’ stability at the point of zero charge (PZC). Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, 20(5), 3175–3178. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jiec.2013.11.062Valladares-Cisneros, M. G., Valerio Cárdenas, C., de la Cruz Burelo, P., & Melgoza Alemán, R. M. (2017). Adsorbentes no-convencionales, alternativas sustentables para el tratamiento de aguas residuales. Revista Ingenierías Universidad de Medellín, 16(31), 55–73. https://doi.org/10.22395/rium.v16n31a3Vargas Rodríguez, M., Cabañas Vargas, D., Gamboa Marrufo, M., & Domínguez Benetton, X. (2009). Evaluación del proceso de biosorción con cáscaras de naranja para la eliminación del colorante comercial Lanasol Navy CE en aguas residuales de la industria textil . Red de Revistas Científicas de América Latina, el Caribe, España y Portugal, 40.Wang, Z., Ren, D., Zhang, X., Zhang, S. & Chen, W. (2022). Adsorption-degradation of malachite green using alkali-modified biochar immobilized laccase under multi methods. Advanced Powder Technology, 33(11), 103821. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apt.2022.103821Wu, J., Yang, J., Feng, P., Wen, L., Huang, G., Xu, C. & Lin, B. (2022). Highly efficient and ultra-rapid adsorption of malachite green by recyclable crab shell biochar. Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, 113, 206-214. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jiec.2022.05.047Yang, J., & Hedin, N. (2022). Advances of lab-scale analytical methods for solidification/stabilization technologies. Low Carbon Stabilization and Solidification of Hazardous Wastes, 483–495. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-824004-5.00006- 2Yang, F., Gato-Trinidad, S., & Hossain, I. (2022). New insights into the pollutant composition of stormwater treating wetlands. Science of The Total Environment, 827, 154229. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154229You, K., Yang, W., Song, P., Fan, L., Xu, S., Li, B., & Feng, L. (2022). Lanthanum modified magnetic oyster shell and its use for enhancing phosphate removal from water. Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 633, 127897. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfa.2021.127897Zahid, M., Ahmad, H., Drioli, E., Rehan, Z. A., Rashid, A., Akram, S., & Khalid, T. (2021). Role of polymeric nanocomposite membranes for the removal of textile dyes from wastewater. Aquananotechnology, 91–103. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12- 821141-0.00006-9Zaruma, P., Proal, J., Chaires, I., & Salas, H. (2018). Los Colorantes Textiles Industriales Y Tratamientos Óptimos De Sus Efluentes De Agua Residual: Una Breve Revisión. file:///C:/Users/carol/Downloads/4rfcq19.pdfZollinger, H. (2004). Color Chemistry: Syntheses, Properties and Applications of Organic Dyes and Pigments. Zürich: Angewandte ChemieBioadsorbentColorantOyster shellsCoquina rockRemovalBioadsorbenteColoranteConchas de ostrasRoca coquinaRemociónPublicationORIGINALRemoción de colorantes en aguas residuales de la industria textil por medio de material .pdfRemoción de colorantes en aguas residuales de la industria textil por medio de material .pdfapplication/pdf1988725https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/6c3456de-8b88-49ef-a5e4-fbf2e2e3b164/download96244a48fa7277ccc6b972a52555786eMD51LICENSElicense.txtlicense.txttext/plain; charset=utf-815543https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/33c40da4-a0c9-4a32-bd66-104f3c2f7729/download73a5432e0b76442b22b026844140d683MD52TEXTRemoción de colorantes en aguas residuales de la industria textil por medio de material .pdf.txtRemoción de colorantes en aguas residuales de la industria textil por medio de material .pdf.txtExtracted texttext/plain101929https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/28736772-d882-4ad7-beb5-682d8751cbd8/download459e541761563f24d10ddb3935eff077MD53THUMBNAILRemoción de colorantes en aguas residuales de la industria textil por medio de material .pdf.jpgRemoción de colorantes en aguas residuales de la industria textil por medio de material .pdf.jpgGenerated Thumbnailimage/jpeg8286https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/124f19e7-2941-4639-a2c5-893aa3cf9122/download2a2912adab7be8c53cd053dfd51779f8MD5411323/13446oai:repositorio.cuc.edu.co:11323/134462024-10-17 03:00:52.013https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/open.accesshttps://repositorio.cuc.edu.coRepositorio de la Universidad de la Costa CUCrepdigital@cuc.edu.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 |