Remoción de colorantes en aguas residuales de la industria textil por medio de material bioadsorbente proveniente de concha de ostras
In the present work, the evaluation of a material from oyster shells called coral rock was carried out: (Coquina), as a bioadsorbent for the removal of dye in wastewater from the textile industry. Said material was taken to different particle diameters (300 um and less than 300 um) and subsequently...
- Autores:
-
Coronado Herrera, Carolanne
Rhenals Navarro, Jean Carlos
- Tipo de recurso:
- Trabajo de grado de pregrado
- Fecha de publicación:
- 2022
- Institución:
- Corporación Universidad de la Costa
- Repositorio:
- REDICUC - Repositorio CUC
- Idioma:
- spa
- OAI Identifier:
- oai:repositorio.cuc.edu.co:11323/9826
- Acceso en línea:
- https://hdl.handle.net/11323/9826
https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/
- Palabra clave:
- Bioadsorbente
Colorante
Conchas de ostras
Roca coquina
Remoción
Bioadsorbent
Colorant
Oyster shells
Coquina rock
Removal
- Rights
- openAccess
- License
- Atribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0)
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| dc.title.spa.fl_str_mv |
Remoción de colorantes en aguas residuales de la industria textil por medio de material bioadsorbente proveniente de concha de ostras |
| title |
Remoción de colorantes en aguas residuales de la industria textil por medio de material bioadsorbente proveniente de concha de ostras |
| spellingShingle |
Remoción de colorantes en aguas residuales de la industria textil por medio de material bioadsorbente proveniente de concha de ostras Bioadsorbente Colorante Conchas de ostras Roca coquina Remoción Bioadsorbent Colorant Oyster shells Coquina rock Removal |
| title_short |
Remoción de colorantes en aguas residuales de la industria textil por medio de material bioadsorbente proveniente de concha de ostras |
| title_full |
Remoción de colorantes en aguas residuales de la industria textil por medio de material bioadsorbente proveniente de concha de ostras |
| title_fullStr |
Remoción de colorantes en aguas residuales de la industria textil por medio de material bioadsorbente proveniente de concha de ostras |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Remoción de colorantes en aguas residuales de la industria textil por medio de material bioadsorbente proveniente de concha de ostras |
| title_sort |
Remoción de colorantes en aguas residuales de la industria textil por medio de material bioadsorbente proveniente de concha de ostras |
| dc.creator.fl_str_mv |
Coronado Herrera, Carolanne Rhenals Navarro, Jean Carlos |
| dc.contributor.advisor.none.fl_str_mv |
Morenos Ríos, Andrea Liliana Gómez Plata, Leandro |
| dc.contributor.author.none.fl_str_mv |
Coronado Herrera, Carolanne Rhenals Navarro, Jean Carlos |
| dc.contributor.jury.none.fl_str_mv |
Yanes Guerra, Andrea Cantero Rodelo, Rubén Gastelbondo Lubo, Ximena |
| dc.subject.proposal.spa.fl_str_mv |
Bioadsorbente Colorante Conchas de ostras Roca coquina Remoción |
| topic |
Bioadsorbente Colorante Conchas de ostras Roca coquina Remoción Bioadsorbent Colorant Oyster shells Coquina rock Removal |
| dc.subject.proposal.eng.fl_str_mv |
Bioadsorbent Colorant Oyster shells Coquina rock Removal |
| description |
In the present work, the evaluation of a material from oyster shells called coral rock was carried out: (Coquina), as a bioadsorbent for the removal of dye in wastewater from the textile industry. Said material was taken to different particle diameters (300 um and less than 300 um) and subsequently thermally modified using drying at 120°C and calcination at temperatures between 200°C and 800°C, to later be analyzed through different characterization techniques. To evaluate the removal capacity, as well as the adsorption kinetics of the bioadsorbent, mountings were made in the laboratory using the brilliant green dye. For the above, dye concentrations of 25, 50 and 75 mg/L, pH between 2 and 12 and doses of bioadsorbent material between 0.2 and 0.6 g/L, with constant agitation, were evaluated. Aliquots were taken from each experiment at different time intervals to which absorbance measurement was performed at a wavelength of 640 nm for the subsequent determination of the dye concentration at each instant of time and determination of the percentage and capacity of removal. Subsequently, a sweep was carried out through various types of kinetic models in order to select the one that presented a better fit to the experimental results, the Pseudo second order model being selected. Finally, the coquina rock was selected as the best material at a temperature of 120ºC and with a diameter greater than 300 um, with which a removal percentage of 90% was obtained in a given time between 15 and 20 minutes at pH 7. The above allows to conclude that coquina rock is a viable and easily accessible bioadsorbent material for dye removal in textile wastewater. |
| publishDate |
2022 |
| dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv |
2022 |
| dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv |
2023-01-28T02:30:20Z |
| dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv |
2023-01-28T02:30:20Z |
| dc.type.spa.fl_str_mv |
Trabajo de grado - Pregrado |
| dc.type.coar.spa.fl_str_mv |
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_7a1f |
| dc.type.content.spa.fl_str_mv |
Text |
| dc.type.driver.spa.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/bachelorThesis |
| dc.type.redcol.spa.fl_str_mv |
http://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/TP |
| dc.type.version.spa.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion |
| format |
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_7a1f |
| status_str |
acceptedVersion |
| dc.identifier.uri.none.fl_str_mv |
https://hdl.handle.net/11323/9826 |
| dc.identifier.instname.spa.fl_str_mv |
Corporacion Universidad de la Costa |
| dc.identifier.reponame.spa.fl_str_mv |
REDICUC-Repositorio CUC |
| dc.identifier.repourl.spa.fl_str_mv |
https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/ |
| url |
https://hdl.handle.net/11323/9826 https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/ |
| identifier_str_mv |
Corporacion Universidad de la Costa REDICUC-Repositorio CUC |
| dc.language.iso.spa.fl_str_mv |
spa |
| language |
spa |
| dc.relation.references.spa.fl_str_mv |
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Evaluación del proceso de biosorción con cáscaras de naranja para la eliminación del colorante comercial Lanasol Navy CE en aguas residuales de la industria textil. Red de Revistas Científicas de América Latina, el Caribe, España y Portugal, 40. Wang, Z., Ren, D., Zhang, X., Zhang, S. & Chen, W. (2022). Adsorption-degradation of malachite green using alkali-modified biochar immobilized laccase under multi- methods. Advanced Powder Technology, 33(11), 103821. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apt.2022.103821 Wu, J., Yang, J., Feng, P., Wen, L., Huang, G., Xu, C. & Lin, B. (2022). Highly efficient and ultra-rapid adsorption of malachite green by recyclable crab shell biochar. Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, 113, 206-214. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jiec.2022.05.047 Yang, J., & Hedin, N. (2022). Advances of lab-scale analytical methods for solidification/stabilization technologies. 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Los Colorantes Textiles Industriales Y Tratamientos Óptimos De Sus Efluentes De Agua Residual: Una Breve Revisión. file:///C:/Users/carol/Downloads/4rfcq19.pdf Zollinger, H. (2004). Color Chemistry: Syntheses, Properties and Applications of Organic Dyes and Pigments. Zürich: Angewandte Chemie. |
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Corporación Universidad de la Costa |
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Civil y Ambiental |
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Barranquilla, Colombia |
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Ingeniería Ambiental |
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Atribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0)https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2Morenos Ríos, Andrea LilianaGómez Plata, LeandroCoronado Herrera, CarolanneRhenals Navarro, Jean CarlosYanes Guerra, AndreaCantero Rodelo, RubénGastelbondo Lubo, Ximena2023-01-28T02:30:20Z2023-01-28T02:30:20Z2022https://hdl.handle.net/11323/9826Corporacion Universidad de la CostaREDICUC-Repositorio CUChttps://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/In the present work, the evaluation of a material from oyster shells called coral rock was carried out: (Coquina), as a bioadsorbent for the removal of dye in wastewater from the textile industry. Said material was taken to different particle diameters (300 um and less than 300 um) and subsequently thermally modified using drying at 120°C and calcination at temperatures between 200°C and 800°C, to later be analyzed through different characterization techniques. To evaluate the removal capacity, as well as the adsorption kinetics of the bioadsorbent, mountings were made in the laboratory using the brilliant green dye. For the above, dye concentrations of 25, 50 and 75 mg/L, pH between 2 and 12 and doses of bioadsorbent material between 0.2 and 0.6 g/L, with constant agitation, were evaluated. Aliquots were taken from each experiment at different time intervals to which absorbance measurement was performed at a wavelength of 640 nm for the subsequent determination of the dye concentration at each instant of time and determination of the percentage and capacity of removal. Subsequently, a sweep was carried out through various types of kinetic models in order to select the one that presented a better fit to the experimental results, the Pseudo second order model being selected. Finally, the coquina rock was selected as the best material at a temperature of 120ºC and with a diameter greater than 300 um, with which a removal percentage of 90% was obtained in a given time between 15 and 20 minutes at pH 7. The above allows to conclude that coquina rock is a viable and easily accessible bioadsorbent material for dye removal in textile wastewater.En el presente trabajo se realizó la evaluación de un material proveniente de conchas de ostra denominado roca coralina: (Coquina), como bioadsorbente para la remoción de colorante en aguas residuales de la industria textil. Dicho material fue llevado a diferentes diámetros de partícula (300 um y menor a 300 um) y posteriormente modificado térmicamente utilizando un secado a 120°C y calcinación a temperaturas entre 200°C y 800 °C, para luego ser analizada a través de diferentes técnicas de caracterización. Para evaluar la capacidad de remoción, así como la cinética de adsorción del bioadsorbente, se realizaron montajes en el laboratorio utilizando el colorante verde brillante. Para lo anterior, se evaluaron concentraciones de colorante de 25, 50 y 75 mg/L, pH entre 2 y 12 y dosis de material bioadsorbente entre 0.2 a 0.6 g/L, con agitación constante. De cada experimento se tomaron alícuotas a diferentes intervalos de tiempo a las cuales se les realizó medición de la absorbancia a una longitud de onda de 640 nm para la posterior determinación de la concentración de colorante en cada instante de tiempo y determinación del porcentaje y capacidad de remoción. Posteriormente se realizó un barrido por diversos tipos de modelos cinéticos con la finalidad de seleccionar el que presentara un mayor ajuste a los resultados experimentales, siendo seleccionado el modelo de Pseudo segundo orden. Finalmente se seleccionó como mejor material la roca coquina a temperatura de 120ºC y a un diámetro mayor a 300 um, con la cual se obtuvo un porcentaje de remoción del 90% en un tiempo determinado ente 15 y 20 minutos a pH 7. Lo anterior permite concluir que la roca coquina es un material bioadsorbente viable y de fácil acceso para la remoción de colorante en agua residual textil.Introducción 15--Planteamiento del problema 17--Justificación 25--Objetivos 27--General 27—Específicos 27--Antecedentes 28--Marco teórico 33--Contaminación de los cuerpos de agua por aguas residuales textiles 33--Colorantes textiles 34-- Colorante Verde Brillante 39-- Tratamiento de colorantes textiles 39 Remediación física y química 40--Adsorción 41-- Factores que influyen en la adsorción 41-- Tamaño de partícula 41--Concentración inicial de colorante42--Cantidad de adsorbente 42--Tiempo de contacto 42—pH 43--Temperatura 43--Técnicas de caracterización de materiales adsorbentes 44--Punto de carga cero 44--Análisis de área superficial y porosidad (BET) 45--Difracción de rayos X (DRX o XRD) 47-- Espectrometría infrarroja por transformada de Fourier (FT-IR) 47--Análisis Termogravimétrico (TGA) 48-- Materiales bioadsorbentes 49--Estudio--Cinético 51--Modelos cinéticos empleados 51--Pseudo primer orden 51--Pseudo-segundo orden 52--Modelo Elovich 52--Modelo de Intraparticula 53--Diseño metodológico 54--Obtención de material54-- Fase I: preparación del material bioadsorbente 54--Fase II: Caracterización del material bioadsorbente 56-- Punto de carga cero (PZC) 57-- Análisis BET 57-- Análisis DRX 58-- Análisis FTIR 58-- Análisis TGA 59--Fase III: Cinética de adsorción 59-- Evaluación de la remoción de los colorantes 59-- Pruebas realizadas en el laboratorio - cinética de adsorción 61--Resultados y discusión 62-- Caracterización del material 62-- Punto de carga cero (PZC) 64-- Análisis BE 65-- Análisis DRX 67--Análisis FTIR 69-- Análisis de determinación de pH 74-- Variación de concentración inicial de colorante 75--Variación de dosis de adsorbente 77--Cinética de adsorción 79--Conclusiones 84--Recomendaciones 86--Referencias 87--Ingeniero(a) AmbientalPregrado104 páginasapplication/pdfspaCorporación Universidad de la CostaCivil y AmbientalBarranquilla, ColombiaIngeniería AmbientalRemoción de colorantes en aguas residuales de la industria textil por medio de material bioadsorbente proveniente de concha de ostrasTrabajo de grado - Pregradohttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_7a1fTextinfo:eu-repo/semantics/bachelorThesishttp://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/TPinfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersionAdeleke, O. 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ada en las Obras Colectivas.

b.	Distribuir copias o fonogramas de las Obras, exhibirlas públicamente, ejecutarlas públicamente y/o ponerlas a disposición pública, incluyéndolas como incorporadas en Obras Colectivas, según corresponda.

c.	Distribuir copias de las Obras Derivadas que se generen, exhibirlas públicamente, ejecutarlas públicamente y/o ponerlas a disposición pública.
Los derechos mencionados anteriormente pueden ser ejercidos en todos los medios y formatos, actualmente conocidos o que se inventen en el futuro. Los derechos antes mencionados incluyen el derecho a realizar dichas modificaciones en la medida que sean técnicamente necesarias para ejercer los derechos en otro medio o formatos, pero de otra manera usted no está autorizado para realizar obras derivadas. Todos los derechos no otorgados expresamente por el Licenciante quedan por este medio reservados, incluyendo pero sin limitarse a aquellos que se mencionan en las secciones 4(d) y 4(e).

4. Restricciones.
La licencia otorgada en la anterior Sección 3 está expresamente sujeta y limitada por las siguientes restricciones:

a.	Usted puede distribuir, exhibir públicamente, ejecutar públicamente, o poner a disposición pública la Obra sólo bajo las condiciones de esta Licencia, y Usted debe incluir una copia de esta licencia o del Identificador Universal de Recursos de la misma con cada copia de la Obra que distribuya, exhiba públicamente, ejecute públicamente o ponga a disposición pública. No es posible ofrecer o imponer ninguna condición sobre la Obra que altere o limite las condiciones de esta Licencia o el ejercicio de los derechos de los destinatarios otorgados en este documento. No es posible sublicenciar la Obra. Usted debe mantener intactos todos los avisos que hagan referencia a esta Licencia y a la cláusula de limitación de garantías. Usted no puede distribuir, exhibir públicamente, ejecutar públicamente, o poner a disposición pública la Obra con alguna medida tecnológica que controle el acceso o la utilización de ella de una forma que sea inconsistente con las condiciones de esta Licencia. Lo anterior se aplica a la Obra incorporada a una Obra Colectiva, pero esto no exige que la Obra Colectiva aparte de la obra misma quede sujeta a las condiciones de esta Licencia. Si Usted crea una Obra Colectiva, previo aviso de cualquier Licenciante debe, en la medida de lo posible, eliminar de la Obra Colectiva cualquier referencia a dicho Licenciante o al Autor Original, según lo solicitado por el Licenciante y conforme lo exige la cláusula 4(c).

b.	Usted no puede ejercer ninguno de los derechos que le han sido otorgados en la Sección 3 precedente de modo que estén principalmente destinados o directamente dirigidos a conseguir un provecho comercial o una compensación monetaria privada. El intercambio de la Obra por otras obras protegidas por derechos de autor, ya sea a través de un sistema para compartir archivos digitales (digital file-sharing) o de cualquier otra manera no será considerado como estar destinado principalmente o dirigido directamente a conseguir un provecho comercial o una compensación monetaria privada, siempre que no se realice un pago mediante una compensación monetaria en relación con el intercambio de obras protegidas por el derecho de autor.

c.	Si usted distribuye, exhibe públicamente, ejecuta públicamente o ejecuta públicamente en forma digital la Obra o cualquier Obra Derivada u Obra Colectiva, Usted debe mantener intacta toda la información de derecho de autor de la Obra y proporcionar, de forma razonable según el medio o manera que Usted esté utilizando: (i) el nombre del Autor Original si está provisto (o seudónimo, si fuere aplicable), y/o (ii) el nombre de la parte o las partes que el Autor Original y/o el Licenciante hubieren designado para la atribución (v.g., un instituto patrocinador, editorial, publicación) en la información de los derechos de autor del Licenciante, términos de servicios o de otras formas razonables; el título de la Obra si está provisto; en la medida de lo razonablemente factible y, si está provisto, el Identificador Uniforme de Recursos (Uniform Resource Identifier) que el Licenciante especifica para ser asociado con la Obra, salvo que tal URI no se refiera a la nota sobre los derechos de autor o a la información sobre el licenciamiento de la Obra; y en el caso de una Obra Derivada, atribuir el crédito identificando el uso de la Obra en la Obra Derivada (v.g., "Traducción Francesa de la Obra del Autor Original," o "Guión Cinematográfico basado en la Obra original del Autor Original"). Tal crédito puede ser implementado de cualquier forma razonable; en el caso, sin embargo, de Obras Derivadas u Obras Colectivas, tal crédito aparecerá, como mínimo, donde aparece el crédito de cualquier otro autor comparable y de una manera, al menos, tan destacada como el crédito de otro autor comparable.

d.	Para evitar toda confusión, el Licenciante aclara que, cuando la obra es una composición musical:

i.	Regalías por interpretación y ejecución bajo licencias generales. El Licenciante se reserva el derecho exclusivo de autorizar la ejecución pública o la ejecución pública digital de la obra y de recolectar, sea individualmente o a través de una sociedad de gestión colectiva de derechos de autor y derechos conexos (por ejemplo, SAYCO), las regalías por la ejecución pública o por la ejecución pública digital de la obra (por ejemplo Webcast) licenciada bajo licencias generales, si la interpretación o ejecución de la obra está primordialmente orientada por o dirigida a la obtención de una ventaja comercial o una compensación monetaria privada.

ii.	Regalías por Fonogramas. El Licenciante se reserva el derecho exclusivo de recolectar, individualmente o a través de una sociedad de gestión colectiva de derechos de autor y derechos conexos (por ejemplo, los consagrados por la SAYCO), una agencia de derechos musicales o algún agente designado, las regalías por cualquier fonograma que Usted cree a partir de la obra (“versión cover”) y distribuya, en los términos del régimen de derechos de autor, si la creación o distribución de esa versión cover está primordialmente destinada o dirigida a obtener una ventaja comercial o una compensación monetaria privada.

e.	Gestión de Derechos de Autor sobre Interpretaciones y Ejecuciones Digitales (WebCasting). Para evitar toda confusión, el Licenciante aclara que, cuando la obra sea un fonograma, el Licenciante se reserva el derecho exclusivo de autorizar la ejecución pública digital de la obra (por ejemplo, webcast) y de recolectar, individualmente o a través de una sociedad de gestión colectiva de derechos de autor y derechos conexos (por ejemplo, ACINPRO), las regalías por la ejecución pública digital de la obra (por ejemplo, webcast), sujeta a las disposiciones aplicables del régimen de Derecho de Autor, si esta ejecución pública digital está primordialmente dirigida a obtener una ventaja comercial o una compensación monetaria privada.

5. Representaciones, Garantías y Limitaciones de Responsabilidad.
A MENOS QUE LAS PARTES LO ACORDARAN DE OTRA FORMA POR ESCRITO, EL LICENCIANTE OFRECE LA OBRA (EN EL ESTADO EN EL QUE SE ENCUENTRA) “TAL CUAL”, SIN BRINDAR GARANTÍAS DE CLASE ALGUNA RESPECTO DE LA OBRA, YA SEA EXPRESA, IMPLÍCITA, LEGAL O CUALQUIERA OTRA, INCLUYENDO, SIN LIMITARSE A ELLAS, GARANTÍAS DE TITULARIDAD, COMERCIABILIDAD, ADAPTABILIDAD O ADECUACIÓN A PROPÓSITO DETERMINADO, AUSENCIA DE INFRACCIÓN, DE AUSENCIA DE DEFECTOS LATENTES O DE OTRO TIPO, O LA PRESENCIA O AUSENCIA DE ERRORES, SEAN O NO DESCUBRIBLES (PUEDAN O NO SER ESTOS DESCUBIERTOS). ALGUNAS JURISDICCIONES NO PERMITEN LA EXCLUSIÓN DE GARANTÍAS IMPLÍCITAS, EN CUYO CASO ESTA EXCLUSIÓN PUEDE NO APLICARSE A USTED.

6. Limitación de responsabilidad.
A MENOS QUE LO EXIJA EXPRESAMENTE LA LEY APLICABLE, EL LICENCIANTE NO SERÁ RESPONSABLE ANTE USTED POR DAÑO ALGUNO, SEA POR RESPONSABILIDAD EXTRACONTRACTUAL, PRECONTRACTUAL O CONTRACTUAL, OBJETIVA O SUBJETIVA, SE TRATE DE DAÑOS MORALES O PATRIMONIALES, DIRECTOS O INDIRECTOS, PREVISTOS O IMPREVISTOS PRODUCIDOS POR EL USO DE ESTA LICENCIA O DE LA OBRA, AUN CUANDO EL LICENCIANTE HAYA SIDO ADVERTIDO DE LA POSIBILIDAD DE DICHOS DAÑOS. ALGUNAS LEYES NO PERMITEN LA EXCLUSIÓN DE CIERTA RESPONSABILIDAD, EN CUYO CASO ESTA EXCLUSIÓN PUEDE NO APLICARSE A USTED.

7. Término.

a.	Esta Licencia y los derechos otorgados en virtud de ella terminarán automáticamente si Usted infringe alguna condición establecida en ella. Sin embargo, los individuos o entidades que han recibido Obras Derivadas o Colectivas de Usted de conformidad con esta Licencia, no verán terminadas sus licencias, siempre que estos individuos o entidades sigan cumpliendo íntegramente las condiciones de estas licencias. Las Secciones 1, 2, 5, 6, 7, y 8 subsistirán a cualquier terminación de esta Licencia.

b.	Sujeta a las condiciones y términos anteriores, la licencia otorgada aquí es perpetua (durante el período de vigencia de los derechos de autor de la obra). No obstante lo anterior, el Licenciante se reserva el derecho a publicar y/o estrenar la Obra bajo condiciones de licencia diferentes o a dejar de distribuirla en los términos de esta Licencia en cualquier momento; en el entendido, sin embargo, que esa elección no servirá para revocar esta licencia o que deba ser otorgada , bajo los términos de esta licencia), y esta licencia continuará en pleno vigor y efecto a menos que sea terminada como se expresa atrás. La Licencia revocada continuará siendo plenamente vigente y efectiva si no se le da término en las condiciones indicadas anteriormente.

8. Varios.

a.	Cada vez que Usted distribuya o ponga a disposición pública la Obra o una Obra Colectiva, el Licenciante ofrecerá al destinatario una licencia en los mismos términos y condiciones que la licencia otorgada a Usted bajo esta Licencia.

b.	Si alguna disposición de esta Licencia resulta invalidada o no exigible, según la legislación vigente, esto no afectará ni la validez ni la aplicabilidad del resto de condiciones de esta Licencia y, sin acción adicional por parte de los sujetos de este acuerdo, aquélla se entenderá reformada lo mínimo necesario para hacer que dicha disposición sea válida y exigible.

c.	Ningún término o disposición de esta Licencia se estimará renunciada y ninguna violación de ella será consentida a menos que esa renuncia o consentimiento sea otorgado por escrito y firmado por la parte que renuncie o consienta.

d.	Esta Licencia refleja el acuerdo pleno entre las partes respecto a la Obra aquí licenciada. No hay arreglos, acuerdos o declaraciones respecto a la Obra que no estén especificados en este documento. El Licenciante no se verá limitado por ninguna disposición adicional que pueda surgir en alguna comunicación emanada de Usted. Esta Licencia no puede ser modificada sin el consentimiento mutuo por escrito del Licenciante y Usted.
 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