Teaching maintenance of medical devices in simulation centers: a pilot study
This paper aims to measure what the students’ perceived learning outcome achievements are after finishing medical devices courses I and II. This is a pre- post-test with no control group study design. Twenty-four students doing medical devices courses I and II with a test in the simulation center of...
- Autores:
-
Quiroga Torres, Daniel Alejandro
Presiga, Ana Maria
Flórez Luna, Nestor
Cruz, Antonio Miguel
- Tipo de recurso:
- Part of book
- Fecha de publicación:
- 2016
- Institución:
- Escuela Colombiana de Ingeniería Julio Garavito
- Repositorio:
- Repositorio Institucional ECI
- Idioma:
- eng
- OAI Identifier:
- oai:repositorio.escuelaing.edu.co:001/1576
- Acceso en línea:
- https://repositorio.escuelaing.edu.co/handle/001/1576
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-4086-3_8
- Palabra clave:
- Educación médica
Aprendizaje previo - Evaluación
Prior learning - Evaluation
Biomedical engineering
Engineering education
Medical devices
Simulation center
Ingeniería Biomédica
Educación en ingeniería
Dispositivos médicos
Centro de simulación
- Rights
- closedAccess
- License
- http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_14cb
id |
ESCUELAIG2_65853e7a81778c8ec00755d1bfc51d2c |
---|---|
oai_identifier_str |
oai:repositorio.escuelaing.edu.co:001/1576 |
network_acronym_str |
ESCUELAIG2 |
network_name_str |
Repositorio Institucional ECI |
repository_id_str |
|
dc.title.eng.fl_str_mv |
Teaching maintenance of medical devices in simulation centers: a pilot study |
title |
Teaching maintenance of medical devices in simulation centers: a pilot study |
spellingShingle |
Teaching maintenance of medical devices in simulation centers: a pilot study Educación médica Aprendizaje previo - Evaluación Prior learning - Evaluation Biomedical engineering Engineering education Medical devices Simulation center Ingeniería Biomédica Educación en ingeniería Dispositivos médicos Centro de simulación |
title_short |
Teaching maintenance of medical devices in simulation centers: a pilot study |
title_full |
Teaching maintenance of medical devices in simulation centers: a pilot study |
title_fullStr |
Teaching maintenance of medical devices in simulation centers: a pilot study |
title_full_unstemmed |
Teaching maintenance of medical devices in simulation centers: a pilot study |
title_sort |
Teaching maintenance of medical devices in simulation centers: a pilot study |
dc.creator.fl_str_mv |
Quiroga Torres, Daniel Alejandro Presiga, Ana Maria Flórez Luna, Nestor Cruz, Antonio Miguel |
dc.contributor.author.none.fl_str_mv |
Quiroga Torres, Daniel Alejandro Presiga, Ana Maria Flórez Luna, Nestor Cruz, Antonio Miguel |
dc.contributor.researchgroup.spa.fl_str_mv |
GiBiome |
dc.subject.armarc.none.fl_str_mv |
Educación médica |
topic |
Educación médica Aprendizaje previo - Evaluación Prior learning - Evaluation Biomedical engineering Engineering education Medical devices Simulation center Ingeniería Biomédica Educación en ingeniería Dispositivos médicos Centro de simulación |
dc.subject.armarc.spa.fl_str_mv |
Aprendizaje previo - Evaluación |
dc.subject.armarc.eng.fl_str_mv |
Prior learning - Evaluation |
dc.subject.proposal.eng.fl_str_mv |
Biomedical engineering Engineering education Medical devices Simulation center |
dc.subject.proposal.spa.fl_str_mv |
Ingeniería Biomédica Educación en ingeniería Dispositivos médicos Centro de simulación |
description |
This paper aims to measure what the students’ perceived learning outcome achievements are after finishing medical devices courses I and II. This is a pre- post-test with no control group study design. Twenty-four students doing medical devices courses I and II with a test in the simulation center of a Biomedical Engineering Program participated in this pilot study. A paper-based survey composed of a demographic and 5-point Likert (“1” is strongly disagree and “5” is strongly agree) measured the students’ perceived learning outcome achievements after exposing them to medical devices courses. A Wilcoxon signed-rank test and Mann-Whitney U Test statistics were conducted to test the two hypotheses of this study. Our analysis showed statistically significant results between the pre-survey sum mean and SD: 7.50, 1.31; and between the post-survey mean and SD: 8.56, 1.15, p=0.015, indicating the students’ perceived learning outcome achievements after putting them through medical devices courses I and II had significantly improved by the end of the courses. Also, no statistically significant results were found between the post-survey mean and SD: 4.37, 0.57 learning outcome perceptions or between the students’ actual marks mean and SD: 4.58, 0.18, p=0.28), indicating no differences between what the students perceived they had learned compared with what they had really learned. |
publishDate |
2016 |
dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv |
2016 |
dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv |
2021-06-15T17:44:41Z 2021-10-01T17:16:55Z |
dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv |
2021-06-15T17:44:41Z 2021-10-01T17:16:55Z |
dc.type.spa.fl_str_mv |
Capítulo - Parte de Libro |
dc.type.coarversion.fl_str_mv |
http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85 |
dc.type.version.spa.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
dc.type.coar.spa.fl_str_mv |
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_3248 |
dc.type.content.spa.fl_str_mv |
Text |
dc.type.driver.spa.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/bookPart |
dc.type.redcol.spa.fl_str_mv |
https://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/LIB |
format |
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_3248 |
status_str |
publishedVersion |
dc.identifier.uri.none.fl_str_mv |
https://repositorio.escuelaing.edu.co/handle/001/1576 |
dc.identifier.ark.none.fl_str_mv |
1680-0737 |
dc.identifier.doi.none.fl_str_mv |
10.1007/978-981-10-4086-3_8 |
dc.identifier.url.none.fl_str_mv |
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-4086-3_8 |
url |
https://repositorio.escuelaing.edu.co/handle/001/1576 https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-4086-3_8 |
identifier_str_mv |
1680-0737 10.1007/978-981-10-4086-3_8 |
dc.language.iso.spa.fl_str_mv |
eng |
language |
eng |
dc.relation.ispartofseries.none.fl_str_mv |
Volumen 60; |
dc.relation.citationendpage.spa.fl_str_mv |
33 |
dc.relation.citationstartpage.spa.fl_str_mv |
30 |
dc.relation.indexed.spa.fl_str_mv |
N/A |
dc.relation.ispartofbook.spa.fl_str_mv |
Ifmbe Proceedings |
dc.relation.references.eng.fl_str_mv |
ACCE, “American College of Clinical Engineering,” 1992. [Online]. Available: http://accenet.org/about/Documents/What’s_a_Clinical_Engineer.pdf. J. Nagel, “Protocol for the training of clinical engineers in Europe,” BIOMEDEA PROJECT, Stuttgart, 2005. HTF, “2013 Candidate Handbook for Certification in Clinical Engineering by the Healthcare Technology Certification Commission,” Healthcare Technology Certification Commission, Plymouth, 2013. G. H. Buck, “Development of simulators in medical education,” Gesnerus : Swiss Journal of the history of medicine and sciences, vol. 48, no. 1, pp. 7-28, 1991. M. Koretsky, C. Kelly and E. Gummer, “Student Perceptions of Learning in the Laboratory: Comparison of Industrially Situated Virtual Laboratories to Capstone Physical Laboratories,” Journal of Engineering Education, vol. 100, no. 3, pp. 540 - 573, 2011. G. Alinier, B. Hunt, R. Gordon and C. Harwood, “Effectiveness of intermediate-fidelity simulation training technology in undergraduate nursing education,” Journal of Advanced Nursing, vol. 54, no. 3, pp. 359-369, 2006. I. Gieras, P. Sherman and D. Minsent, “Patient Safety Trilogy: Perspectives from Clinical Engineering,” Biomedical Instrumentation & Technology, vol. 47, no. 2, pp. 137-142, 2013. D. E. a. H. B. A. Ziv, “38 - Clinical Simulation on a National Level: Israel,” in Clinical Simulation, Oxford, Academic Press, 2008, pp. 371-375. R. J. Glavin, “37 - A National Simulation Center Influences Teaching at a National Level: Scotland,” in Clinical Simulation, Oxford, Academic Press, 2008, pp. 365-370. S. Mönk, J. Vollmer and W. Heinrichs, “34 - A National Simulation Program: Germany,” in Clinical Simulation, Oxford, Academic Press, 2008, pp. 345-353. A. Miguel-Cruz, A. Rios-Rincon, W. Rodríguez-Dueñas, N. Florez-Luna and D. Quiroga-Torres, “What is the effect of an introductory biomedical engineering course on the students’ perceptions of the engineering profession?,” International Journal of Engineering Education, vol. 32, p. 136–149, 1(A) 2016. J. Biggs, Teaching for Quality Learning At University, Berkshire: England: The Society for Research into Higher Education and Open University Press, 2003, p. 54. I. Motola, L. A. Devine, H. Soo Chung, J. E. Sullivan and B. Issenberg, “Simulation in healthcare education: A best evidence practical guide. AMEE Guide No. 82,” Medical Teacher, vol. 35, no. 10, pp. e1511-e1530, 2013. L. Portney and M. Watkins, Foundations of Clinical Research:Applications to Practice, New Jersey: Pearson/Prentice Hall, 2008, pp. 421-422. |
dc.rights.coar.fl_str_mv |
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_14cb |
dc.rights.accessrights.spa.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccess |
eu_rights_str_mv |
closedAccess |
rights_invalid_str_mv |
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_14cb |
dc.format.mimetype.spa.fl_str_mv |
application/pdf |
dc.publisher.eng.fl_str_mv |
Springer Verlag |
dc.publisher.place.spa.fl_str_mv |
Alemania |
dc.source.spa.fl_str_mv |
https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007%2F978-981-10-4086-3_8 |
institution |
Escuela Colombiana de Ingeniería Julio Garavito |
bitstream.url.fl_str_mv |
https://repositorio.escuelaing.edu.co/bitstream/001/1576/5/Teaching%20maintenance%20of%20medical%20devices%20in%20simulation%20centers%20a%20pilot%20study.png https://repositorio.escuelaing.edu.co/bitstream/001/1576/6/Teaching%20maintenance%20of%20medical%20devices%20in%20simulation%20centers%20a%20pilot%20study.pdf.jpg https://repositorio.escuelaing.edu.co/bitstream/001/1576/4/Teaching%20maintenance%20of%20medical%20devices%20in%20simulation%20centers%20a%20pilot%20study.pdf https://repositorio.escuelaing.edu.co/bitstream/001/1576/1/license.txt https://repositorio.escuelaing.edu.co/bitstream/001/1576/3/Teaching%20maintenance%20of%20medical%20devices%20in%20simulation%20centers%20a%20pilot%20study.pdf.txt |
bitstream.checksum.fl_str_mv |
7e49af96929697f9bc30fe60bba49f2c f685b2422c6f85a78623e33a7cb076d3 77bbbe0cdeac5f48c0eef83d928303aa 5a7ca94c2e5326ee169f979d71d0f06e ce17bbb4d4f1cbe9a2413e4ea88bb0b2 |
bitstream.checksumAlgorithm.fl_str_mv |
MD5 MD5 MD5 MD5 MD5 |
repository.name.fl_str_mv |
Repositorio Escuela Colombiana de Ingeniería Julio Garavito |
repository.mail.fl_str_mv |
repositorio.eci@escuelaing.edu.co |
_version_ |
1814355639231578112 |
spelling |
Quiroga Torres, Daniel Alejandro031c8d9841515027a609ee88ee05f989600Presiga, Ana Maria2105d2a1e253c0e26352a818cfa723f3600Flórez Luna, Nestor0f66bbe202166c0fd6a1b843a9ad0436600Cruz, Antonio Miguel60f912e3d0e1a88c51207ae38b105011600GiBiome2021-06-15T17:44:41Z2021-10-01T17:16:55Z2021-06-15T17:44:41Z2021-10-01T17:16:55Z2016https://repositorio.escuelaing.edu.co/handle/001/15761680-073710.1007/978-981-10-4086-3_8https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-4086-3_8This paper aims to measure what the students’ perceived learning outcome achievements are after finishing medical devices courses I and II. This is a pre- post-test with no control group study design. Twenty-four students doing medical devices courses I and II with a test in the simulation center of a Biomedical Engineering Program participated in this pilot study. A paper-based survey composed of a demographic and 5-point Likert (“1” is strongly disagree and “5” is strongly agree) measured the students’ perceived learning outcome achievements after exposing them to medical devices courses. A Wilcoxon signed-rank test and Mann-Whitney U Test statistics were conducted to test the two hypotheses of this study. Our analysis showed statistically significant results between the pre-survey sum mean and SD: 7.50, 1.31; and between the post-survey mean and SD: 8.56, 1.15, p=0.015, indicating the students’ perceived learning outcome achievements after putting them through medical devices courses I and II had significantly improved by the end of the courses. Also, no statistically significant results were found between the post-survey mean and SD: 4.37, 0.57 learning outcome perceptions or between the students’ actual marks mean and SD: 4.58, 0.18, p=0.28), indicating no differences between what the students perceived they had learned compared with what they had really learned.Este artículo tiene como objetivo medir cuáles son los logros de los resultados de aprendizaje percibidos por los estudiantes después de terminar los cursos de dispositivos médicos I y II. Esta es una prueba previa y posterior sin un diseño de estudio de grupo de control. En este estudio piloto participaron veinticuatro estudiantes de los cursos I y II de dispositivos médicos con una prueba en el centro de simulación de un Programa de Ingeniería Biomédica. Una encuesta en papel compuesta por datos demográficos y Likert de 5 puntos (“1” está totalmente en desacuerdo y “5” está totalmente de acuerdo) midió los logros de los resultados de aprendizaje percibidos por los estudiantes después de exponerlos a cursos de dispositivos médicos. Se realizaron una prueba de rango con signo de Wilcoxon y una prueba estadística de la prueba U de Mann-Whitney para probar las dos hipótesis de este estudio. Nuestro análisis mostró resultados estadísticamente significativos entre la media de la suma previa a la encuesta y la DE: 7,50, 1,31; y entre la media posterior a la encuesta y la DE: 8,56, 1,15, p = 0,015, lo que indica que los logros de los resultados de aprendizaje percibidos por los estudiantes después de someterlos a los cursos de dispositivos médicos I y II habían mejorado significativamente al final de los cursos. Además, no se encontraron resultados estadísticamente significativos entre la media posterior a la encuesta y la DE: 4,37, 0,57 percepciones de los resultados de aprendizaje o entre la media de las calificaciones reales de los estudiantes y la DE: 4,58, 0,18, p = 0,28), lo que indica que no hay diferencias entre lo que los estudiantes percibieron que habían aprendido en comparación con lo que realmente habían aprendido.application/pdfengSpringer VerlagAlemaniaVolumen 60;3330N/AIfmbe ProceedingsACCE, “American College of Clinical Engineering,” 1992. [Online]. Available: http://accenet.org/about/Documents/What’s_a_Clinical_Engineer.pdf.J. Nagel, “Protocol for the training of clinical engineers in Europe,” BIOMEDEA PROJECT, Stuttgart, 2005.HTF, “2013 Candidate Handbook for Certification in Clinical Engineering by the Healthcare Technology Certification Commission,” Healthcare Technology Certification Commission, Plymouth, 2013.G. H. Buck, “Development of simulators in medical education,” Gesnerus : Swiss Journal of the history of medicine and sciences, vol. 48, no. 1, pp. 7-28, 1991.M. Koretsky, C. Kelly and E. Gummer, “Student Perceptions of Learning in the Laboratory: Comparison of Industrially Situated Virtual Laboratories to Capstone Physical Laboratories,” Journal of Engineering Education, vol. 100, no. 3, pp. 540 - 573, 2011.G. Alinier, B. Hunt, R. Gordon and C. Harwood, “Effectiveness of intermediate-fidelity simulation training technology in undergraduate nursing education,” Journal of Advanced Nursing, vol. 54, no. 3, pp. 359-369, 2006.I. Gieras, P. Sherman and D. Minsent, “Patient Safety Trilogy: Perspectives from Clinical Engineering,” Biomedical Instrumentation & Technology, vol. 47, no. 2, pp. 137-142, 2013.D. E. a. H. B. A. Ziv, “38 - Clinical Simulation on a National Level: Israel,” in Clinical Simulation, Oxford, Academic Press, 2008, pp. 371-375.R. J. Glavin, “37 - A National Simulation Center Influences Teaching at a National Level: Scotland,” in Clinical Simulation, Oxford, Academic Press, 2008, pp. 365-370.S. Mönk, J. Vollmer and W. Heinrichs, “34 - A National Simulation Program: Germany,” in Clinical Simulation, Oxford, Academic Press, 2008, pp. 345-353.A. Miguel-Cruz, A. Rios-Rincon, W. Rodríguez-Dueñas, N. Florez-Luna and D. Quiroga-Torres, “What is the effect of an introductory biomedical engineering course on the students’ perceptions of the engineering profession?,” International Journal of Engineering Education, vol. 32, p. 136–149, 1(A) 2016.J. Biggs, Teaching for Quality Learning At University, Berkshire: England: The Society for Research into Higher Education and Open University Press, 2003, p. 54.I. Motola, L. A. Devine, H. Soo Chung, J. E. Sullivan and B. Issenberg, “Simulation in healthcare education: A best evidence practical guide. AMEE Guide No. 82,” Medical Teacher, vol. 35, no. 10, pp. e1511-e1530, 2013.L. Portney and M. Watkins, Foundations of Clinical Research:Applications to Practice, New Jersey: Pearson/Prentice Hall, 2008, pp. 421-422.https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007%2F978-981-10-4086-3_8Teaching maintenance of medical devices in simulation centers: a pilot studyCapítulo - Parte de Libroinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_3248Textinfo:eu-repo/semantics/bookParthttps://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/LIBhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85info:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_14cbEducación médicaAprendizaje previo - EvaluaciónPrior learning - EvaluationBiomedical engineeringEngineering educationMedical devicesSimulation centerIngeniería BiomédicaEducación en ingenieríaDispositivos médicosCentro de simulaciónTHUMBNAILTeaching maintenance of medical devices in simulation centers a pilot study.pngTeaching maintenance of medical devices in simulation centers a pilot study.pngimage/png186108https://repositorio.escuelaing.edu.co/bitstream/001/1576/5/Teaching%20maintenance%20of%20medical%20devices%20in%20simulation%20centers%20a%20pilot%20study.png7e49af96929697f9bc30fe60bba49f2cMD55open accessTeaching maintenance of medical devices in simulation centers a pilot study.pdf.jpgTeaching maintenance of medical devices in simulation centers a pilot study.pdf.jpgGenerated Thumbnailimage/jpeg18057https://repositorio.escuelaing.edu.co/bitstream/001/1576/6/Teaching%20maintenance%20of%20medical%20devices%20in%20simulation%20centers%20a%20pilot%20study.pdf.jpgf685b2422c6f85a78623e33a7cb076d3MD56metadata only accessORIGINALTeaching maintenance of medical devices in simulation centers a pilot study.pdfTeaching maintenance of medical devices in simulation centers a pilot study.pdfCapítulo - Parte de Libroapplication/pdf672542https://repositorio.escuelaing.edu.co/bitstream/001/1576/4/Teaching%20maintenance%20of%20medical%20devices%20in%20simulation%20centers%20a%20pilot%20study.pdf77bbbe0cdeac5f48c0eef83d928303aaMD54metadata only accessLICENSElicense.txttext/plain1881https://repositorio.escuelaing.edu.co/bitstream/001/1576/1/license.txt5a7ca94c2e5326ee169f979d71d0f06eMD51open accessTEXTTeaching maintenance of medical devices in simulation centers a pilot study.pdf.txtTeaching maintenance of medical devices in simulation centers a pilot study.pdf.txtExtracted texttext/plain4https://repositorio.escuelaing.edu.co/bitstream/001/1576/3/Teaching%20maintenance%20of%20medical%20devices%20in%20simulation%20centers%20a%20pilot%20study.pdf.txtce17bbb4d4f1cbe9a2413e4ea88bb0b2MD53open access001/1576oai:repositorio.escuelaing.edu.co:001/15762022-11-25 03:01:53.149metadata only accessRepositorio Escuela Colombiana de Ingeniería Julio Garavitorepositorio.eci@escuelaing.edu.coU0kgVVNURUQgSEFDRSBQQVJURSBERUwgR1JVUE8gREUgUEFSRVMgRVZBTFVBRE9SRVMgREUgTEEgQ09MRUNDScOTTiAiUEVFUiBSRVZJRVciLCBPTUlUQSBFU1RBIExJQ0VOQ0lBLgoKQXV0b3Jpem8gYSBsYSBFc2N1ZWxhIENvbG9tYmlhbmEgZGUgSW5nZW5pZXLDrWEgSnVsaW8gR2FyYXZpdG8gcGFyYSBwdWJsaWNhciBlbCB0cmFiYWpvIGRlIGdyYWRvLCBhcnTDrWN1bG8sIHZpZGVvLCAKY29uZmVyZW5jaWEsIGxpYnJvLCBpbWFnZW4sIGZvdG9ncmFmw61hLCBhdWRpbywgcHJlc2VudGFjacOzbiB1IG90cm8gKGVuICAgIGFkZWxhbnRlIGRvY3VtZW50bykgcXVlIGVuIGxhIGZlY2hhIAplbnRyZWdvIGVuIGZvcm1hdG8gZGlnaXRhbCwgeSBsZSBwZXJtaXRvIGRlIGZvcm1hIGluZGVmaW5pZGEgcXVlIGxvIHB1YmxpcXVlIGVuIGVsIHJlcG9zaXRvcmlvIGluc3RpdHVjaW9uYWwsIAplbiBsb3MgdMOpcm1pbm9zIGVzdGFibGVjaWRvcyBlbiBsYSBMZXkgMjMgZGUgMTk4MiwgbGEgTGV5IDQ0IGRlIDE5OTMsIHkgZGVtw6FzIGxleWVzIHkganVyaXNwcnVkZW5jaWEgdmlnZW50ZQphbCByZXNwZWN0bywgcGFyYSBmaW5lcyBlZHVjYXRpdm9zIHkgbm8gbHVjcmF0aXZvcy4gRXN0YSBhdXRvcml6YWNpw7NuIGVzIHbDoWxpZGEgcGFyYSBsYXMgZmFjdWx0YWRlcyB5IGRlcmVjaG9zIGRlIAp1c28gc29icmUgbGEgb2JyYSBlbiBmb3JtYXRvIGRpZ2l0YWwsIGVsZWN0csOzbmljbywgdmlydHVhbDsgeSBwYXJhIHVzb3MgZW4gcmVkZXMsIGludGVybmV0LCBleHRyYW5ldCwgeSBjdWFscXVpZXIgCmZvcm1hdG8gbyBtZWRpbyBjb25vY2lkbyBvIHBvciBjb25vY2VyLgpFbiBtaSBjYWxpZGFkIGRlIGF1dG9yLCBleHByZXNvIHF1ZSBlbCBkb2N1bWVudG8gb2JqZXRvIGRlIGxhIHByZXNlbnRlIGF1dG9yaXphY2nDs24gZXMgb3JpZ2luYWwgeSBsbyBlbGFib3LDqSBzaW4gCnF1ZWJyYW50YXIgbmkgc3VwbGFudGFyIGxvcyBkZXJlY2hvcyBkZSBhdXRvciBkZSB0ZXJjZXJvcy4gUG9yIGxvIHRhbnRvLCBlcyBkZSBtaSBleGNsdXNpdmEgYXV0b3LDrWEgeSwgZW4gY29uc2VjdWVuY2lhLCAKdGVuZ28gbGEgdGl0dWxhcmlkYWQgc29icmUgw6lsLiBFbiBjYXNvIGRlIHF1ZWphIG8gYWNjacOzbiBwb3IgcGFydGUgZGUgdW4gdGVyY2VybyByZWZlcmVudGUgYSBsb3MgZGVyZWNob3MgZGUgYXV0b3Igc29icmUgCmVsIGRvY3VtZW50byBlbiBjdWVzdGnDs24sIGFzdW1pcsOpIGxhIHJlc3BvbnNhYmlsaWRhZCB0b3RhbCB5IHNhbGRyw6kgZW4gZGVmZW5zYSBkZSBsb3MgZGVyZWNob3MgYXF1w60gYXV0b3JpemFkb3MuIEVzdG8gCnNpZ25pZmljYSBxdWUsIHBhcmEgdG9kb3MgbG9zIGVmZWN0b3MsIGxhIEVzY3VlbGEgYWN0w7phIGNvbW8gdW4gdGVyY2VybyBkZSBidWVuYSBmZS4KVG9kYSBwZXJzb25hIHF1ZSBjb25zdWx0ZSBlbCBSZXBvc2l0b3JpbyBJbnN0aXR1Y2lvbmFsIGRlIGxhIEVzY3VlbGEsIGVsIENhdMOhbG9nbyBlbiBsw61uZWEgdSBvdHJvIG1lZGlvIGVsZWN0csOzbmljbywgCnBvZHLDoSBjb3BpYXIgYXBhcnRlcyBkZWwgdGV4dG8sIGNvbiBlbCBjb21wcm9taXNvIGRlIGNpdGFyIHNpZW1wcmUgbGEgZnVlbnRlLCBsYSBjdWFsIGluY2x1eWUgZWwgdMOtdHVsbyBkZWwgdHJhYmFqbyB5IGVsIAphdXRvci5Fc3RhIGF1dG9yaXphY2nDs24gbm8gaW1wbGljYSByZW51bmNpYSBhIGxhIGZhY3VsdGFkIHF1ZSB0ZW5nbyBkZSBwdWJsaWNhciB0b3RhbCBvIHBhcmNpYWxtZW50ZSBsYSBvYnJhIGVuIG90cm9zIAptZWRpb3MuRXN0YSBhdXRvcml6YWNpw7NuIGVzdMOhIHJlc3BhbGRhZGEgcG9yIGxhcyBmaXJtYXMgZGVsIChsb3MpIGF1dG9yKGVzKSBkZWwgZG9jdW1lbnRvLiAKU8OtIGF1dG9yaXpvIChhbWJvcykK |